PREP CR 重点题 V2补充了101那道没注解的.docx
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PREPCR重点题V2补充了101那道没注解的
PREPCR高分错题
宗旨：
仔细审问题、明确问题/argument中的逻辑对象和相关逻辑链、万能的排除法。
削弱题weaken
96.（28176-!
-item-!
-188;#058&002907）（GWD-28-Q17）
InthenationofPartoria,largetruckscurrentlyaccountfor6percentofmilesdrivenonPartoria’sroadsbutareinvolvedin12percentofallhighwayfatalities.Theverylargesttrucks—thosewiththreetrailers—hadlessthanathirdoftheaccidentrateofsingle-anddouble-trailertrucks.Clearly,therefore,onewayforPartoriatoreducehighwaydeathswouldbetorequireshipperstoincreasetheiruseoftriple-trailertrucks.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?
A.NomatterwhatchangesPartoriamakesintheregulationoftrucking,itwillhavetokeepsomesmallerroadsoff-limitstoalllargetrucks.
B.Sofaronlythebest,mostexperienceddriversforPartoriantruckingcompanieshavebeendrivingtriple-trailertrucks.
C.VeryfewfatalcollisionsinvolvingtrucksinPartoriaarecollisionsbetweentwotrucks.
D.InPartoria,thesafetyrecordofthetruckingindustryasawholehasimprovedslightlyoverthepasttenyears.
E.InPartoria,themaximumlegalpayloadofatriple-trailertruckislessthanthreetimesthemaximumlegalpayloadofthelargestofthesingle-trailertrucks.
Key:
B
考点：
他因削弱。
（简单，易掌握）
选项B得出：
并非车子种类不同导致collision的多少，而是司机出色、有经验。
使得支撑结论的数字例子不具代表性。
100.（31888-!
-item-!
-188;#058&006228）（GWD3-Q17）
Brochure:
Helpconserveourcity’swatersupply.Byconvertingthelandscapinginyouryardtoawater-conservinglandscape,youcangreatlyreduceyouroutdoorwateruse.Awater-conservinglandscapeisnaturalandattractive,anditalsosavesyoumoney.
Criticism:
Formostpeoplewithyards,thesavingsfromconvertingtoawater-conservinglandscapecannotjustifytheexpenseofnewlandscaping,sincetypicallytheconversionwouldsavelessthantwentydollarsonahomeowner’syearlywaterbills.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthebestbasisforarebuttalofthecriticism?
A.Evenhomeownerswhoseyardsdonothavewater-conservinglandscapescanconservewaterbyinstallingwater-savingdevicesintheirhomes.
B.Aconventionallandscapegenerallyrequiresamuchgreaterexpenditureonfertilizerandherbicidethandoesawater-conservinglandscape.
C.Asignificantproportionoftheresidentsofthecityliveinbuildingsthatdonothaveyards.
D.Itcostsnomoretoputinwater-conservinglandscapingthanitdoestoputinconventionallandscaping.
E.Somehomeownersusemorewatertomaintaintheiryardsthantheyuseforallotherpurposescombined.
K:
B
101.（31700-!
-item-!
-188;#058&006145）（GWD3-Q38/prep2-6differenttype）
Twocomputercompanies,GarnetandRenco,eachpaySalcortoprovidehealthinsurancefortheiremployees.Becauseearlytreatmentofhighcholesterolcanpreventstrokesthatwouldotherwiseoccurseveralyearslater,SalcorencouragesGarnetemployeestohavetheircholesterollevelstestedandtoobtainearlytreatmentforhighcholesterol.RencoemployeesgenerallyremainwithRencoonlyforafewyears,however.Therefore,SalcorlacksanyfinancialincentivetoprovidesimilarencouragementtoRencoemployees.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?
A.Earlytreatmentofhighcholesteroldoesnoteliminatethepossibilityofastrokelaterinlife.
B.Peopleoftenobtainearlytreatmentforhighcholesterolontheirown.
C.GarnethiresasignificantnumberofformeremployeesofRenco.
D.RencoandGarnethaveapproximatelythesamenumberofemployees.
E.Rencoemployeesarenot,onaverage,significantlyyoungerthanGarnetemployees.
C
有无纠结在CE之间？
说两个可能对于题干理解产生困扰的地方：
1.有个小朋友对Therefore,SalcorlacksanyfinancialincentivetoprovidesimilarencouragementtoRencoemployees.理解产生困惑~大概意思概括为“因此，S无法用类似的经济原因说服R公司的员工（保险）”，这里的“同样的理由”是指SalcorencouragesGarnetemployeestohavetheircholesterollevelstestedandtoobtainearlytreatmentforhighcholesterol.；
2.胆固醇高低与年纪毫无关系，Sencourage提到的earlytreatment是指：
与发病相对的早。
110.（30658-!
-item-!
-188;#058&005491）（GWD7-Q17）
Ofpatientsover65yearsoldwhosurvivedcoronarybypasssurgery—aprocedurewidelyprescribedforpeoplewithheartdisease—only75percentbenefitedfromthesurgery.Thusitappearsthatforoneinfoursuchpatients,thedoctorswhoadvisedthemtoundergothissurgery,withitsattendantrisksandexpense,weremoreinterestedinanopportunitytopracticetheirskillsandintheirfeethaninhelpingthepatient.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheargument?
A.Manyofthepatientswhoreceivecoronarybypasssurgeryarelessthan55yearsold.
B.Possiblebenefitsofcoronarybypasssurgeryincludebothrelieffromtroublingsymptomsandprolongationoflife.
C.Mostofthepatientsinthesurveydecidedtoundergocoronarybypasssurgerybecausetheywereadvisedthatthesurgerywouldreducetheirriskoffutureheartattacks.
D.Thepatientsover65yearsoldwhodidnotbenefitfromthecoronarybypasssurgerywereasfullyinformedasthosewhodidbenefitfromthesurgeryastotherisksofthesurgerypriortoundergoingit.
E.Thepatientswhounderwentcoronarybypasssurgerybutwhodidnotbenefitfromitweremedicallyindistinguishable,priortotheirsurgery,fromthepatientswhodidbenefit.
E
考点：
注意蓝色表示处"Thusitappearsthatforoneinfoursuchpatients,thedoctorswhoadvisedthemtoundergothissurgery,withitsattendantrisksandexpense,..."没看清蓝色表示出容易干扰判断，因为由蓝色字可推出作者的观点：
接受手术的病人中有1/4不一定要接受手术治疗，医生出于练手或者经济利益原因向病人推荐手术治疗，而不是为了帮助病人。
由此得到答案（术前医生无法判断手术效果）
123.（31092-!
-item-!
-188;#058&005693）（GWD1-Q13）
IntheUnitedStates,ofthepeoplewhomovedfromonestatetoanotherwhentheyretired,thepercentagewhoretiredtoFloridahasdecreasedbythreepercentagepointsoverthepasttenyears.SincemanylocalbusinessesinFloridacatertoretirees,thisdeclineislikelytohaveanoticeablynegativeeconomiceffectonthesebusinesses.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?
A.Floridaattractsmorepeoplewhomovefromonestatetoanotherwhentheyretirethandoesanyotherstate.
B.ThenumberofpeoplewhomoveoutofFloridatoacceptemploymentinotherstateshasincreasedoverthepasttenyears.
C.TherearefarmorelocalbusinessesinFloridathatcatertotouriststhantherearelocalbusinessesthatcatertoretirees.
D.Thetotalnumberofpeoplewhoretiredandmovedtoanotherstatefortheirretirementhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthepasttenyears.
E.ThenumberofpeoplewholeftFloridawhentheyretiredtoliveinanotherstatewasgreaterlastyearthanitwastenyearsago.
D
考点：
绝对数字的增减与百分比的增减无必然关联。
（常考）
Evaluate评估题
80.（24979-!
-item-!
-188;#058&001383）
Inmanyscientificdisciplines,scientistsgenerallydonotdohighlycreativeworkbeyondtheageofforty,atendencythathasnormallybeentakentoshowthatagingcarrieswithitalossofcreativecapacity.However,bytheageoffortymostscientistshavebeenworkingintheirchosenfieldforatleastfifteenyears,soanalternativeexplanationisthatspendingtoolonginasinglefieldreducestheopportunityforcreativethought.
Investigatingwhichofthefollowingwouldbemostusefulinchoosingbetweenthecompetingexplanationsdescribedabove?
A.Whetheramongthosescientistswhodohighlycreativeworkbeyondagefortyalargeproportionenteredtheirfieldataconsiderablylateragethaniscommon
B.Whetherscientists'choiceofresearchprojectstendstobeinfluencedbytheirownbeliefthattheirmostcreativeworkwillbedonerelativelyearlyintheircareer
C.Whetherscientistswhoareolderthanfortytendtofindmoresatisfactioninotheractivities,suchasteachingandmentoring,thantheydoinpursuingtheirownresearch
D.Whetherfundingagenciesaremoreinclinedtoawardresearchgrantstoscientistswhoareveteransintheirfieldthantoscientistswhoarerelativenewcomers
E.Whetherthereissignificantvariationamongscientificfieldsintheaverageageatwhichscientistsworkinginthosefieldsareattheirmostproductive
A
考点：
1.判断题型：
仔细审题，非explanation（解释题）
2.步骤：
明确“评估”的逻辑对象和相关逻辑链，运用排除法（正确选项：
加强或削弱argument）。
89.（31236-!
-item-!
-188;#058&005728）
Goronianlawmaker:
Goronia'sCheeseImportationBoard,theagencyresponsibleforinspectingallwholesaleshipmentsofcheeseenteringGoroniafromabroadandrejectingshipmentsthatfailtomeetspecifiedstandards,rejectsaboutonepercentofthecheesethatitinspects.Sincethehealthconsequencesandassociatedcostsofnotrejectingthatonepercentwouldbenegligible,whereasthecostofmaintainingtheagencyisnot,theagency'scostclearlyoutweighsthebenefitsitprovides.
Knowingtheanswertowhichofthefollowingwouldbemostusefulinevaluatingthelawmaker'sargument?
A.AreanyofthetypesofcheesesthatareimportedintoGoroniaalsoproducedinGoronia?
B.HastheCheeseImportationBoard,overthelastseveralyears,reduceditsoperatingcostsbyeliminatinginefficiencieswithintheagencyitself?
C.DoesthepossibilityofhavingmerchandiserejectedbytheCheeseImportationBoarddetermanycheeseexportersfromshippingsubstandardcheesetoGoronia?
D.ArethereanyexportersofcheesetoGoroniawhosemerchandiseisneverrejectedbytheCheeseImportationBoard?
E.HowisthecheeserejectedbytheCheeseImportationBoarddisposedof?
C
考点：
这个答案很好，也可以给我们写作部分的argument提供思路，即rejectsabout1%ofthecheesethatitinspects不能直接推出：
healthconsequence乐观，组织存在没必要。
需要考虑组织存在有震慑作用。
108.（32122-!
-item-!
-188;#058&006354）（GWD7-Q41）
MagazinePublisher:
Ourmagazinedoesnothavealiberalbias.Itistruethatwhenabookreviewwehadcommissionedlastyearturnedouttoexpressdistinctlyconserva
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