高考英语阅读理解科普文难度较高.docx
《高考英语阅读理解科普文难度较高.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语阅读理解科普文难度较高.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语阅读理解科普文难度较高
2014年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解拉分题(较难题目)特训:
节能环保类
1
TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationrecentlyrecognizedagroupofindividuals(个体)fortheireffortstoprotecttheenvironment.Eachyear,theAmerican-basedgrouphonorsenvironmentalactivistsfromsixdifferentareas.
Thefirstthreewinnersofthe2012GoldmanPrizearefromKenya,thePhilippinesandChina.
TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationsaysIkalAngeleiisaherotothosewholivearoundLakeTurkana.TheKenyanwomanreceivedtheawardbecauseofhereffortstostopadamprojectonariverinEthiopia.Criticssaythedamwillharmthelakeandrestrict(限制)theflowofwaterforpeoplewholivenearby.
ThePhilippineislandofMindoroishometothosewhodependonthearea’snaturalresourcesforfoodandjobs.EdwinGariguezbecameconcernedwhenaEuropeancompanyannouncedplanstominefornickel(镍)ontheisland.TheRomanCatholicministersaidwastematerialsfromtheminingprojectwouldpollutethewateranddestroytheforests.Sohestartedacampaigntostoptheproject.
InChina,MaJuneisworkingwithbusinessestocleanuptheirpollution.Heformedagroupthatcollectsinformationaboutpollution,andpublishesitontheInternet.
TheGoldmanPrizewasalsoawardedtoactivistsfromArgentina,RussiaandtheUnitedStates.
SofiaGaticaofArgentinaisfromatownwherefarmerscommonlyusepesticide(杀虫剂)productstoprotectsoybeancropsfrominsects.Thetownalsohasahighrateofcancer.SofiaGaticabelie
vedthatpesticideusewasresponsibleforthedeathofherbaby.Sheworkedwithothermotherstogetgovernmentofficialstobantheuseofchemicalsnearpopulatedareas.
EvgeniaChirikovaobjectstotheplanstobuildaroadthroughaprotectedforestjustoutsideMoscow.ShehasdemandedthatRussianofficialsredirectth
eroadawayfromtheforest.Sheandherfollowershavebeenarrestedfortheiractivities.However,theircampaignhasgainedwidespreadpublicsupport.
ThesixthwinnerisAmericanCarolineCannon—acommunityleaderinPointHope,Alaska.MizCannonisfightingtokeepArcticwaterssafefromoilandgasexp
loration.
60.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.
A.thedamprojecthasbeenprevented
B.thefirstthreeactivistsareallfromAsia
C.aEuropeancompanyisgoingtodigfornickel
D.MaJuneistryingtostopoilandgasexploration
61.Fromthe7thparagraph,wecanknowthat______.
A.pesticideuseaccountsforahigh-rateofcancer
B.Sofiamanagedtobantheuseofchemicals
C.thefarmersmainlyliveonunpollutedproducts
D.thedeathofthebabywasduetodelayedtreatment
62.WhatdoweknowaboutEvgeniaChirikova?
A.Sheplanstobuildaroadtoprotecttheforest.
B.Sheisinchargeofaprojectfarawayfromtheroad.
C.Shepersuadedthegovernmenttosetherfollowersfree.
D.Herenvironmentalactionhasbeenwidelyacknowledged.
63.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.SixAdvancedIndividualsforHardWork
B.EffortstoCreateaCleanandBeautifulWorld
C.SixEnvironmentalActivistsWinGoldmanPrize
D.TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationPrize
2
SCSGlobalServices(SCS)hasevaluatedanewmethodologyformeasuringthecarbonsequestration(封存)abilityofsoilundertheVerified(验证)CarbonStandard(VCS),aleadinggreenhousegas(GHG)accountingsystem.Themethodology,developedbyTheEarthPartners,willallowlandmanagerswhosequesterGHGsingrasslandsandfarmlandstoproducecarboncreditsforsaleinthevoluntarymarket.
Managersofgrasslandsandfarmlandscanincreasecarbonsequestrationinsoilbypracticessuchaschanginggrazing(放牧)practicesandoperatingtreatmentsdesignedtoimprovethe
varietyandproductivityofplantgroups.TheEarthPartnersispresentlypilotingthismethodologywithfarmersacrosssevenmillionacresofthePalouseRiverandColumbiaPlateauregionsinthePacificNorthwest.
“TheVCSp
rogramhasachievedanimportantmilestoneinnowcombininggrasslandandrangelandcarbonoffset(抵消,补偿)projects,"saidDr.RobertJ.Hrubes,ExecutiveVicePresidentofSCS."SCSlooksforwardtoapprovingandverifyingagriculturalcarbonoffsetprojectsthatusethisverypowerfulnewmethodology."
TheVM0021SoilCarbonQuantificationMethodologyisbasedondecadesofsoilcarbonresearchandtestingconductedbytopsoilscientists.ThemethodologywasdevelopedbyTheEarthPartnersandverifiedbyEnvironmentalServices,Inc.aswellasSCSGlobalServices.ItisthefirstsoilcarbonmethodologytobeapprovedforuseundertheVCS.
"Thiswidelytestedmethodologyisthefirsttospeciallydealwithsoilsinamarket,"saidStevenI.Apfelbaum,ChairmanofAppliedEcologicalServices,Inc.andDirectorofSciencewithTheEarthPartners.AccordingtoApfelbaum,soilsrepresentthesecondlargestlivingsinkofcarbonontheplanet.
68.Thenewmethodologyisassessedaccordingto .
A.TheEarthPartners B.theVerifiedCarbonStandard
C.EnvironmentalServices,Inc. D.AppliedEcologicalServices,Inc.
69.Carbonsequestrationinsoilcanbestrengthenedby .
A.sellingcarboncreditsinthevoluntarymarket
B.changinggrazingpracticesandoperatingtreatments
C.reducingthevarietyandproductivityofplantgroups
D.decreasingfarmlandsinthePacificNorthwest
70.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.TheVCSprogramprovestobesuccessfulincarbonoffsetprojects.
B.ManysoilCarbonMethodologieshavealreadybeenapprovedforuse.
C.Thenewmethodologyhasbeentestedinmanyfieldsincludingsoil.
D.Soilsseemtobethelargestlivingsinkofcarbonontheplanet.
71.WhatistheattitudeofSCStowardsthenewmethodology?
A.Opposed. B.Cautious. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
3
Rainforestishometoaroundtwo-thirdsofallplantandanimalspeciesfoundonland—inadditiontomillionsofpeoplewhodependonthemforsurvival—ourremainingancientforestsaresomeofthemostdiverseecosystemsknowntoscience.Theyarealsovitallyimportanttothehealthofourplanet,especiallywhenitcomestoregulatingtheclimate.Butancientforestsaroundtheworldareunderattack.
Protectingrainforestsisontheglobalagenda(议事日程)inabigway.Governmentsnowrecognizetheimportanceofprotectingtropicalforestsinordertoavoiddangerousclimatechange,andthereisnowmuchdebate.Asgovernmentstrytothrashoutthedetailsofanewinternationalagreement,expectedtobesignedattheendof2009,theyarediscussinghowbesttoincludemeasurestosaverainforests,andthereforeaddressoneofthemajorcausesofclimatechange.Worldwide,forestdestructioncausesmoregreenhousegasemissions(排放)eachyearthandoallthetrains,planesandcarsontheplanet.Soifwearetodealwithglobalwarming,thereisanurgentneedtofindwaystoreducethe20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissionscausedbyforestdestructioneachyear,andtokeeptheremainingforestsstanding.
Weneedtoprotecttheplanet’sremainingforestsnotonlytostopclimatechangefromgettingworse,buttoensurethatwecanstandtheimpactsofglobalwarming.Healthyforestsabsorbandstorequantitiesofcarbon,helpingtoregulatetemperatureandgeneraterain.Whentheyaredestroyed,thiscarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Thuskeepingforestsstandingisbothacriticalpartofregulatingclimatechangeandofadaptingtoawarmerworld.
Todate,mostofthetalkhasfocusedonhowtopayforreducingdeforestation(滥伐森林),ratherthanonhowtoactuallygoaboutdoingit.Webelievegovernmentsneedtosupportlocalpeopletoprotecttheirenvironment,aswehavebeenshowingfor20yearscanbeaveryeffectivewayofsavingrainforests.
1.Thebesttitleforthepassageis .
A.RainforestandClimateChange
B.StrategiesonProtectingRainforest
C.SeriousDeforestationtoRainforest
D.PresentSituationofRainforest
2.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat .
A.wehavelittlerainforestleftuntilnow
B.theancientforestsarebeingdestroyed
C.rainforestcontroltheplanetinmanyways
D.Rainforestishometoallplantsandanimalsonearth
3.Theunderlinedpart“thrashout”inthesecondparagraphmeans .
A.trytounderstand B.comeupwith C.hideaway D.haveathoroughdiscussion
4.Greenhousegasemissionscausedbyforestdestruction .
A.arethesameamountbytransportonearth
B.take20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions
C.canbeavoidedbysettingmeasuresonly
D.havenothingtodowithclimatechange
5.Fromthetextwecanlearnthathealthyforest .
A.cankeepushealthyandhappy
B.canincreasetheeffectfromglobalwarming
C.canbehelpfulinadjustingthetemperature
D.cangiveoutlargeamountsofcarbon
4
Riversmaybeasignificantsourceofthegreenhousegasnitrousoxide(一氧化二氮),scientistsnowfind.
TheircalculationsuggeststhatacrosstheglobethewaterwayscontributethreetimestheamountofnitrousoxidetotheatmosphereashadbeenestimatedbytheInternationalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),theUnitedNationsscientificbodychargedwithreviewingclimatechangeresearch.Theyfoundthattheamountofnitrousoxideproducedinstreamsisrelatedtohumanactivitiesthatreleasenitrogen(氮)intotheenvironment,suchasfertilizeruseandsewagedischarges.
“Humanactivities,includingfossilfuelcombustionandintensiveagriculture,haveincreasedtheavailabilityofnitrogenintheenvironment,”saidJakeBeaulieuoftheUniversityofNotreDameandtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyinCincinnati,Ohio,andleadauthorofthepaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
“Muchofthisnitrogenistr