对《野性的呼唤》中巴克的分析.docx

对《野性的呼唤》中巴克的分析.docx

《对《野性的呼唤》中巴克的分析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《对《野性的呼唤》中巴克的分析.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

对《野性的呼唤》中巴克的分析

AnAnalysisofBuckinTheCalloftheWild

对《野性的呼唤》中巴克的分析

摘要

杰克·伦敦是20世纪初美国极其著名的作家。

《野性的呼唤》是他的代表作。

它发表于1903年，被称为世界上读者最多的美国小说。

小说的主人公巴克是加利福尼亚法官米勒在农庄养的圣伯纳狗与苏格兰牧羊犬的杂交，后来被盗卖给雪橇狗训练师，被带到阿拉斯加矿区作运输工具。

在那里巴克第一次感到自然法则的无处不在，它很快学会了生存。

它几次易手，直到最后被一个好心的主人约翰·桑顿收养。

作者在巴克形象塑造中，将巴克的人性寓于兽性，其兽性中又体现人性，最终兽性占据了统治的地位，巴克蜕变成一只狼。

本文主要通过对巴克形象加以分析，体现适者生存的道理，从而告诫我们不管环境多么艰苦，我们依然要保持积极的心态，努力拼搏去不断适应新的环境，坚持到底，时刻保持警惕，唯有这样我们才不会被淘汰。

关键词：

巴克；杰克·伦敦；狼性；人性；适者生存

Abstract

JackLondonisoneoftheoutstandingwritersin20thcentury.TheCalloftheWildishismasterpieces.Publishedin1903,itisthemostreadbookandconsideredoneofhisbest.Thehero,Buck,isaSt.Bernard/ScotchShepherdmixinthehouseofaCalifornianjudge,whoisabductedbyatreacherousthiefandsoldtotrainerofsleddogs,andbecameatransporttoolintheminesofAlaska.Hehasbeenchangedhandsmanytimesbeforeheiseventuallyacquiredbyakindandlovingmaster,JohnThornton.DuringtheprocessofdescribingBuck’simage,thewriterputBuck’shumannatureintowildnature.Whileitswildnatureisembodiedinthehumannature.Eventually,thewildnatureovercamethehumannature,andBuckchangedfromadogintoawolf.Thenovelrevealstheessenceofthecruelscramblingintherealsocietybydescribingtheruinofthe“humannature’’andrecrudescenceofthe“wildnature”.

TheessayreflectsthesurvivalofthefittestbyanalyzingthechangesofBuck’scharacter,whichtellsusnomatterhowhardenvironmentis,onestillshouldbeoptimisticandconstantlyadapttothenewenvironmentbyhardworking.Besides,oneshouldnevergiveupandkeepalert.Onlyinthiswaycanwesurvive.

KeyWords:

Buck;JackLondon;wildnature;humannature;survivalofthefittest

Contents

1.Introduction

1.1IntroductionofJackLondon

JackLondonwasborninSanFranciscoin1876,thechildofaspiritualist,hadbecomethehighest-paid,mostwidelyread,andbest-knownwriterinAmerica.Helivedanadventurouslifeanditwasbasedonhisspeciallifeexperience.

ThepublicationfirstbroughtJackLondonworldwidefame.TheCalloftheWildhasbeencalledanadventurestory,aromance,arealisticnaturestory,adogstory,andanallegoryormyth.Ithasspecialappealforthosewhoknowthewildness.Italsoappealstothosewhoyearnforaspecialkindoffreedomthatcanonlybefoundoutsideofsociety’sconstraints.

1.2IntroductiontoTheCalloftheWild

Thestoryhasaspecialbackground,ittookplaceintheextremeconditionsoftheYukonduringthe19-centuryKlondikeGoldRush,atthatmoment,strongsleddogswereinhighdemand.Later,Buckwassoldintoabrutallifeasasleddog.ThenoveldetailedBuck’sstruggletoadaptanditssurvivalfromthecrueltreatmenthereceivedfromhumans,otherdogs,andnature.Atlasthebecameaoutstandingleaderinthewild.

JackLondon’smostpopularworkisTheCalloftheWildanditisconsideredthemasterpieceofhisso-called“earlyperiod”.Manypeopleoftenclassifiedthenovelaschildren’sliteraturebecauseofitsanimalprotagonist,butitwasalsopopularamongadultsduetoitsvaluablesubject.

Atthebeginning,thedogBucklivedinSantaClaraValleyandenjoyedahappylife.Atthesametime,therewasthousandsofpeoplerushintotheNorthlandfortheGolden.However,Buckdidnotknowthat.Unfortunately,hewassoldbyManuelandwasforcedtodohardwork.Helivedhardlifeandlearntthelawofclubatthere.Hebegantosensetheworldwithoutcivilization.Later,herealizedthathewilldieifhegivesupstruggling,soheshouldstruggletolive.Hewasforcedtofollowtheinstructiontodragtheshedinthedaytime,what’sworse,hehadtostrugglewithstarvationinthenight.Helearnttostealfoodtobeawayfromhungerandlearnttodigholesinthesnowfieldtokeepwarm.Graduallyhehasadjustedhimselfsowelltothenewlife.Thoughhecompelledhimselfnottofight,thedesireforleadershipseemedinevitable.Atlast,Buckwontheleadershipinthebloodychallenge.Unfortunately,therewasanotherteamforBuck.Thistimehesufferedevenmorethanbefore,andhisteammateslefthimonebyone.However,thegreedygolddiggerswerediscontentwiththem.Finally,Buckcouldnotgetupanymore.Whenhewasbeatentodie,Thorntonsavedhislife.Atthattime,heenjoyedthekindnessandhumanitywhichhehadnotgotforalongtime.HefeltlovewhichwasarousedbyJohnThorntonforthefirsttime.Meanwhile,BuckshowedendlessloveandfirmloyaltytoThornton.Buthewasattractedbyamysteriouscalling,finallyhereturnedwildness.

AfterThornton’sdeath,hereturnedtothewildinanswertothecallingwithouthesitation.

2.TheSurvivaloftheFittestTheory

2.1TheDefinitionof“SurvivaloftheFittest”

ThesurvivalofthefittestisaresearchresultfrombiologistDarwin.Itmeansthatifyoucannotadapttocompetitionintheevolutionofspeciesyouwillbeeliminatedbyruthless.Soyouwanttosurvive,youmustlearntoadapttotheenvironmentaroundyou.

So,itcanbeconcludedthatthe“survivalofthefittest”theoryinthisnovelsuggeststhatthebest,strongestandfittestwillsurviveinthenaturalselectionandfiercecompetition.Howevertheinferiorwillbeout.Theykillorwerekilled.Soinordertosurvive,theyhavetoremainalert,theyhavetoconquereverythingthatlayahead.

2.2SurvivaloftheFittestTheoryinTheCalloftheWorld

Thestorybeganinthefallof1897,itwasthetimeoftheKlondikeRush.Buckisalarge,one-hundredandfortypoundsdogwholivedinarichfamilyandenjoyedahappylife.What’smore,hewasrespectedbyeveryone.

However,lifeischangeable,thisdidnotlastlong.Hewasbetrayedbyoneofthejudge’sservant,Buckwassoldtothosewhorushforgoldinthenorthwest.Sincethen,Buckhadneverthoughtaboutthedifficultiesofhimself.Hehadtoadapttothecold,thehungerandthefights.Tosurvivehehadtofit.

So“thelawofclub”isthefirstruleBucklearned.Hegraduallyrealizedtherealitythatadogshouldneverfightagainstaman,oryouwouldbebeaten.Atfirst,Buckthoughtthathewasstrongandwasnotafraidofeverythinguntilbeingbeatenbytheredmanforsomanytimes,hehadtoacceptthemisfortunateandquicklyadaptedhimselftothenewenvironment.Thelawofclub,whichisatypicalsymbolof“SurvivaloftheFittest”theory,isfullyexplainedhere.

3.TheNatureofBuckinDifferentEnvironment

3.1LivinginaRichFamily

BuckwasborninJudgeMiler’sbighouseandenjoyedahappylife.Thejudge'schildrenlikeBuckverymuch,sotheyoftenplaytogetherandwhenthechildrengoout,healsoprotectsthem.

Hewassohugethatmanypeopleareafraidofhim.Sohewasprideofhimselfasifhewasaveryimportantmemberinthefamily.

3.2FacingRiskingfortheFirstTime

HebecameveryangrywhenherealizedhewasbetrayedbyManuelformoney,infact,itwasaturninginhislife.Atthebeginning,heattackthestrangerswhenhefoundthathiseffortswereinvain,hewasupsetanddidnotknowwhatwouldhappentohim.Hewishedhecouldreturnhome,butitseemedimpossible.Herefusedtoeatordrinkwhenhisself-esteemwashurt.

Infact,itwasthefirsttimeBuckwasbetrayedandhadeverfacedsuchanawfulcondition,however,hehadnowaytogoout.

3.3WorkingasaSledDog

BuckwastransitedtothecoldNorthlandandworkedasasleddotomakemoney.Thereisnofairnessanddignityatthere.Hejustneedstoobeytheruleofthemasters.Buckquicklylearnedhowtodragthesledtopleasehismasters.Besides,hehadtolearnmanywaystosurvive.Hehadtodigholesinthesnowfieldtohaveagoodsleepatcoldnight.Tobeawayfromhunger,helearnedhowtostealfoodfromothers.Graduallyhismoralnaturewasdisappearing,buthehadnoway.Becausehewaslivinginaworldwithoutcivilization,hehadtoaccepttheawfulreality.Onlybydoingthiswaycouldhesurvive.

3.4StayingwithThornton

Fortunately,BuckwassavedbyThornton.What’smore,Thorntonwasaperfectmasterinhismind.ItseemedthatBuckfelthopeandreturnedtoacivilizedworld.HeenjoyedthehappylifewithThornton,butwasafraidthatThorntonwouldleavehimonedayandlosethehappylife.So,healwaysaccompaniedThorntonandshowedhisloveandloyalty.However,lifeischangeable.ThoughthelifewithThorntonwassohappyandhecherisheditverymuch,finallyhestillwascalledbyamysteriouscalling.

4.TheAnalysisoftheSpiritofBuck

ThepreciousspiritinBuckisacompletereflectionoftoday’sworld.Thefightingaswellasdown-to-earthspiritisimportantforBuckanditisalsoverysignificantforpeoplelivinginmodernsociety.Competitionisbecomingmoreandmorefurious,weshouldbealertallthetime.Atthesametime,weshouldworkhardtomakegreatachievementandpursueabetterlife.

4.1FightingSpirit

Buckhadaspiritaspreciousasgold.Asweknow,intheworldfullofcompetitiononlythestrongestcansurvive.Survivaloffittestisauniversaltruth.

4.1.1FacingtheDogTrainer

Whenhewasletoutofthecage,hepreparedtofighttolive.Heattackedthestrongmanwithhissharpteeth.Thoughallhiseffortswereinvain,hedidnotgiveupandcontinueforseveraltimes.Hetriedhisbesttodothelastrushwithhisefforts.Thoughhewashurtbadlybuthedidnotcompromise.

Facingthedogtrainer,Buckwasneverafraidofhim.Thestrongerpeoplecandefeathimbutcannotdestroyhim.

4.1.2WinningtheLeadership.

Though,Buckwasstrongandoutstandingintheteam,hedidhisutmosttocontrolhimself.However,noteverythinggoeswell.WhenSpitzbecameawarethathisleadershipwasthreatenbyBuck,