B3unit1.docx

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B3unit1

Unit1Personality

UsefulInformation

Inageneralsense,thetermpersonalityreferstoallthepersonalandmoralcharacteristicsthatdeterminethewayapersonthinks,feelsandactsinhisorhersocialandpersonalrelations.Thesetraitsincludeavastvarietyofattitudesandattributessuchasshyness,generosity,patience,flexibility,sadness,humor,cheerfulness,selfishness,independenceandaggressiveness.Mostpeopleareamixofpositiveandnegativetraits.Personalitytraitsthatarevaluedinoneculturemaybefrowneduponinanother.

Itisdifficulttoknowexactlyhowmuchofourpersonalityisinheritedandhowmuchisdeterminedbyparentalandpeergroupinfluences.Isthereageneforshynessorstubbornness,forexample?

Areweborncompassionateordoweacquirecertainattributesfromourparents,ourgrandparents,ourfriendsandotherrolemodels?

Mostresearchsuggeststhatourbasicpersonalityisinheritedbutthatmanyfactorsshapeandmouldourpersonalityaswemature.Ifourpersonalitywereentirelyaresultofourgenes,thenitwouldbevirtuallyimpossibletoalterundesirablepersonalitytraits.

Mostindividuals,atsomepointintheirlives,realizethatcertainaspectsoftheirpersonalitiesconstitutedrawbacksintheirrelationshipswithotherpeople.Aselfishpersonmightdiscoverthatselfishnessdoesnotcreatelastingfriendships.Anill-temperedorintolerantpersonmightfindcooperativeteamworkverydifficult.Ashypersonmightfindsomeworksituationsverystressful.Recognizingone’sstrengthsandweaknessesisanimportantstepintheprocessofpersonaldevelopmentbecausethiscanbolsterself-confidenceandmotivatethedesiretoimproveoneself.Apersonwhoisabletoevaluatehisorherstrongpointsandweakpoints—withthehelpofparents,friends,teachersoraptitudetests—isalsobetterequippedtomakewisecareerchoices.Differentjobsrequiredifferentpersonalities.Apersonwhohastheskillsandattitudesrequiredforaparticularjobismorelikelytobeeffectiveandsuccessful.

Inrecentyears,variousstudieshaveshownthathealthandpersonalityareinterrelated.Negativeattitudescanhavenegativeeffectsonaperson’shealth.Inconstantlylookingatthedarksideofthings,apessimistcanbecomediscouragedtothepointoffeelinghelpless.Thispassivitycan,inturn,leadtodestructivebehaviorsuchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorbecomingmeanandbitter.Optimists,ontheotherhand,attempttomakethebestofasituation.Ratherthanregardingthemselvesasvictims,theyfeelthattheyhavecontrolovertheirlives.

Thepowerofpositivethinkinghasbeenusedbysportspsychologistsformanyyearstohelpathletescontroltheirnervesandbuilduptheirself-confidence.Byvisualizingthemselvesinawinningsituation,athletesincreasetheirchancesofwinning.Similarapproachesarebeingusedfortreatingpatients.Whileoptimismorpositivethinkingcannotactuallycureadisease,itappearstocontributetowell-beingandtokeepthediseaseatbay.Optimismisassociatedwithhope,andhope,atanystageinone’slife,isalwaysamobilizingandenergizingforce.

PART1Preparation

1Describing-GuessingGame

2PersonalityandJob

Jobs

PersonalityTraits

1

salesperson

talkative,hard-working,persuasive,boastful,acute

2

teacher

patient,tolerant,unselfish,loving,humorous,enthusiastic

3

doctor

calm,careful,sympathetic,patient

4

policeofficer

brave,alert,independent,strong,calm

5

accountant

careful,honest,cautious,patient

6

lawyer

persuasive,expressive,eloquent,knowledgeable

7

touristguide

enthusiastic,talkative,energetic,considerate,good-tempered

8

host/hostessofashow

passionate,expressive,quick-minded,elegant,humorous

9

reporter

curious,impartial,open-minded,adventurous

10

secretary

courteous,tolerant,sensitive,considerate,efficient

11

spokesperson

intelligent,diplomatic,cautious,matter-of-fact

12

engineer

down-to-earth,rigid,meticulous,careful

3PersonalityTest

PART2Reading-CenteredActivities

In-ClassReading

Pre-Reading

1Sample

1Therearemanyfactorsthatcontributetoshyness.Someofthemarelowself-esteem,lackofself-confidence,limitedsocialactivities,andlackofeducation.Somepeople,Ithink,arebornshy.It’satraitinheritedfromtheirparents.IstillrememberwhenIwasalittlegirl,Iwasextremelyshy.Iwasbroughtupinthecountry,andthereweren’tmanysocialactivitiesformetotakepartin.Therewereveryfewchancesformetomeetorcommunicatewithdifferentsortsofpeople.What’smore,IbelievedthatIwasugly.SoIseldomtalkedtopeople.EvenwhenIwasspokento,Iwasreluctanttorespond.Myfacewouldflushimmediately.ButafterIenteredcollege,Igainedmoreself-confidence.Icametorealizethatappearanceisonlyskin-deep.What’smoreimportantisone’sknowledge,one’spersonalqualities,one’scharacter,andone’sgoodvirtues.

2Everyonefeelsshysometimes.Butbeingtooshycanlimitmanyaspectsofone’slife.There

areseveralwaystoovercomeshyness.Firstweshouldrememberthatnobodycanbeperfect,sothere’snoreasontofeeldiscouragedifwehavesomeshortcomings.Onthecontrary,weshouldknowourstrengthsandemphasizeourgoodaspectstobuildourself-confidence.Weneednotfocusonourweaknessesbecausewecanimproveourselves,forexample,bystudyinghardandreadingwidelytoenrichourknowledge.Trytomakemorefriends,andencourageourselvestogetinvolvedinmoreactivitiesinschool.Wecanalsoobservefriendsorevenstrangerswhoaren’tshytolearnfromthempersonally.Weshouldnottakeotherpeople’scommentstooseriously,buttrustourselves.Weshouldfeelpositiveaboutourselvesandenjoyourexperiences.

Exercises

Post-Reading

ReadingComprehension

11Introduction:

（Para.1）

Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.

2Reasonswhyshynesscanhaveanegativeeffect:

（Paras.2-3）

People’sself-concepthasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.

Peoplewithhighself-esteemusuallyactwithconfidence.

Peoplewithlowself-esteemarelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.

3Waysofovercomingshyness:

（Paras.4-15）

ARecognizeyourpersonalstrengthsandweaknesses.

BSetreasonablegoals.

CDon’twastetimeandenergyondestructivefeelingssuchasguiltandshame.

DDon’tbeafraidtospeakupandgiveyourpointofview.

EDon’tmakenegativecommentsaboutyourself.

FAcceptcriticismthoughtfully.

GProfitfromfailuresanddisappointmentsbyviewingthemaslearningexperiences.

HDon’tassociatewithpeoplewhomakeyoufeelinadequate.

ISetasidetimetorelax,enjoyhobbies,andreevaluateyourgoalsregularly.

JPracticebeinginsocialsituations.

4Conclusion:

（Para.16）

Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourfullpotential.

21F2T3T4T5F6T7F8F

3Sample

•Ithinkthemosteffectivewaysofovercomingshynessarethefirstandseventhsteps.Recognizingourpersonalstrengthsandweaknessesisusefulbecauseifweknowourselvesbetter,wecanfeelmoreself-confident.Wecanbemoreobjectiveinsteadofbeingblind.Theseventhstepistoprofitfromfailuresanddisappointmentsaslearningexperiences.Ifweallowourselvestogetdiscouragedandsadwhenwefail,thenwewillfeelmoreunsureofourselves.Butifwethinkofafailureasalearningexperience,weareadoptingapositiveattitude.Byanalyzingobjectivelywhywefailedandplanninghowtosetaboutdoingthingsdifferentlywewillbemorelikelytosucceednexttime.

•Modestyisusedtodescribeareservedappraisalofone’smerits,abilitiesorsuccess.Theoppositeofmodestyisarroganceorboastfulness.Modestpeopledon’twanttotalkabouttheirabilitiesorachievements.Modestpeopleknowtheirstrengthsandtheirworth,butchoosetodownplaytheirgreatnessandbehumble.Somodestyistheresultofconfidence.Shynessisusedtodescribetheuncomfortablefeelingonehasinthecompanyofothers.Itoftenimpliesalackofself-confidenceandatimid,reservedmanner.Modestyisagoodpersonalitytraitwhileshynessinmanycasesisundesirable.

•Beingshyisn’tnecessarilyabadthing.Itisappropriateandnormaltobeshyinsomecircumstances,forexample,inthepresenceofteachers,yourboss,yourparents’friendsoryourprospectivein-laws;whenyouaredatingsomeone,especiallythefirsttime;whenyouarewithstrangers;whenyouareinanewenvironment;whenyou’refacingalargeaudience.Infact,itcanevenbehelpfultobealittleshy.Whenyouareshyandkeepsilent,youmayspendalittletimeobservingthesurroundingsandpeoplearoundbeforejumpingrightintothenewsituation.

Vocabulary

1“Self-“isaprefixwhichmeans“of,toorbyoneselforitself”.Wordswiththeprefix“self-”appearinginthetext:

self-conscious,self-concept,self-assurance,self-worth,self-confidence,self-esteem,self-destructive,self-awareness,self-acceptance,self-rejection,self-confident.

1self-conscious（worriedandembarrassedaboutwhatyoulooklikeorwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou）

2self-confidence（beliefinone’sownability,power,judgment,etc.;confidenceinoneself）

3self-esteem（thefeelingthatyouaresomeonewhodeservestobeliked,respected,oradmired）

4self-destructive（withthoughtsoractionsthatarecountertoone’sownbestinterests）

5self-worth（thevalueyougivetoyourlifeandachievements）

6self-concept（one’sconceptionorgeneralideaofone’sownbasiccharacterandnature）

7Self-awareness（realisticknowledgeandjudgmentaboutoneself）

8self-assurance/self-confidence（thebeliefthatyouareab