英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保真题汇编含答案及解析.docx

英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保真题汇编含答案及解析.docx

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英语高三英语阅读理解科普环保真题汇编含答案及解析

【英语】高三英语阅读理解（科普环保）真题汇编（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

   Theartificialintelligence（AI）system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:

"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

   ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

   Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?

A. comfort                                 

B. treat                                 

C. spot                                 

D. nurse

（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?

A. Bystoringbloodsamples.                               

B. Byanalyzingpatients'cases.

C. Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.             

D. Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.

（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?

A. ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.

B. Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.

C. Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.

D. Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.

（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?

A. Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.

B. Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.

C. Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.

D. Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。

此处screen意为“筛查”。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Youknowthosenutritionguidelinesthegovernmentissueseveryfewyears?

Itturnsoutthatfollowingthemisn'tjustgoodforyourhealth.It'sgoodfortheplanet,too.

   "Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehighimpactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.Sothat'ssortoffairlyclearacrossallthehighincomenations."saidPaulBehrens,anenvironmentalscientistatLeidenUniversityintheNetherlands.

   Thefoodweeattakesabigtollontheenvironment.AthirdoftheicefreelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhumancausedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.

   However,followingdietaryguidelineswouldreducethoseimpacts,especiallyinwealthycountriesliketheUS."Mostofthereductionscomefrommeatanddairy,"whichhaveanoutsizedimpactonlanduseandpollution,andareamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.（That'spartlyduetocowfarts.Seriously.）Followingthesuggestionswouldalsomeaneatingfewercalories,sincemanypeoplehereeatmorethantheyneed.

   Overall,inhighincomecountries,Behren'steamestimatesthatfollowingtherulescouldresultinasmuchasa17percentreductioninlanduse,a21percentreductioninnutrientpollution,anda25percentdropinagriculturalgreenhousegasemissions.Cuttingdownonhowmuchfoodwewaste—whichisroughlyathirdintheUS—couldhelpevenmore.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

   Ofcourse,peoplearenotoriouslybadatfollowingdiets.But:

"Thesenationallyrecommendedguidelinesdoactuallyhaveaknockoneffectonotherareasofpolicymaking.SoifI'mdevelopinganewhealthyeatingforschoolsprogramthenthat'sgoingtobebasedoffalotofdetailthatIgetfromthenationallyrecommendedguidelines.Sowhileitmightnotnecessarilybethecasethatpeoplefollowdirectly…theyactuallyarequiteinfluentialonthepreparationofotheradvice."

   Itseemsthatasmallerenvironmentalfootprintandahealthierlifestylecouldgohandinhand.

（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementwillPaulBehrensapproveof?

A. Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcanhavesimilarimpactsindifferentcountries.

B. Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcandogoodtoourhealth.

C. Notallthecountrieshaverecommendeddietsinanexplicitmanner.

D. Somehighincomenationsdon'tmentionthedietexplicitlyforitsimpactscanbeignored.

（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takesabigtollon" inparagraph3probablymean?

A. showssignsof       

B. hasabadeffecton       

C. takesfulladvantageof       

D. makesupfor

（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A. Foodproductioncanleadtoabout20percentofhumancausedgreenhousegaswithonlyathirdoftheicefreelandused.

B. Itisestimatedthatfollowingdietaryguidelinescanleadtodecreaseinmorelandusethaninnutrientpollution.

C. PaulBehrens'newprogramconcerninghealthyeatingforschoolsislikelytobebasedonnationalnutritionguidelines.

D. Somewealthycountriestendtoreducemeatanddairythoughtheotherareasofpolicymakingisn'teffectedmuch.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了营养指南对地球也有利。

通过膳食指南，似乎可以减轻对环境的伤害，人类自己也可以过上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehighimpactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.”我们发现（营养膳食指南的）影响因国家而异，但总的来说，在影响力较大的国家，如果你遵循国家推荐的膳食指南，即使这些膳食并未明晰对环境的影响，或者大多数膳食没有明确说明这一点，但是你对环境的影响会因为遵循指南而减轻。

由此推断出"并非所有国家都以明确的方式推荐饮食"，这个观点PaulBehrens会赞成，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“AthirdoftheicefreelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhumancausedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.”地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。

肥料径流也导致了其他问题，例如伊利湖的藻类爆发以及墨西哥湾的死亡区域。

由此推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们所吃的食物给环境带来了巨大代价。

takesabigtollon固定短语，“付出了巨大的代价”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“AthirdoftheicefreelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhumancausedgreenhousegasemissions.”地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。

由此可知。

A选项的描述"粮食生产可导致约20%的人为造成的温室气体，而只使用了三分之一的无冰土地"正确，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

   ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

   ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

 fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.