高中英语语法五大基本句型.docx
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高中英语语法五大基本句型
五大基本句型
1.主(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句)——谓(vi.如:
come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,
rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)
(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.
(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.
2.主-------谓(vt.如:
visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)-----宾(n./
pron./todosth/doingsth/宾语从句)
(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.
(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.
(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.
3.主-------谓(vt.)------间接宾语(sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)
(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:
send,pass,hand,show
(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:
make,get,cook,call,find
(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb
(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?
(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.
(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.
(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?
(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.
(6).Passmethepaper,please.
JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.
4.主-----谓(vt.)-------宾-------补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/todosth----如:
ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth----如:
“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”;have,let与make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)
(1).Isawherenterthelab.
(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.
(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.
(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.
I'llhavethebikerepaired.
Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.
Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.
Hepaintedthedoorred.
Shefoundherbikestolen.
letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.
Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.
Iwishyoutogowithme.
Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.
suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.
Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.
5.主-----系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。
Thenewswasexciting.
Hewasexcitedatthenews.
Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.
ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.
TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeauitifulintheearlymorning.
Themusicsoundssweet.
Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.
Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.
Theliquidtastesbitter.
MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.
Thisstoryisveryinteresting.
I'minterestedinthestory.
Hebecameawriterin1960.比较:
Heturnedwriterin1960.
Hewillmakeagoodathlete.(成为)
希望你能熟记上述经典例句,真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。
名词性从句
(一)、什么叫名词性从句?
名词性从句在复句中的位置如何?
1.主语从句-----谓语------宾语.
(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.
(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.
(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.
(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.
(5)Whatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.
2.主语------谓语(vt.)------宾语从句.
(1).IwonderwhetherornotMikeisathomenow.
(2).Idon'tcarewhetherornothiscarbreaksdown.
(3).Hisparentsthinkitapitythattheirsondidn'tpasstheexam.
(4)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwasatlasthisturntostepintotheconsultingroom.
(5)HewasborninwhatisnowknownasShanghai.
注意;it作形式宾语的特殊句型:
(1).oweittosb.that------“把----归功于----”
(2).Leaveittosb.that----“把---留给某人去做”
(3).Takeitforgrantedthat---“想当然” (4).keepitinmindthat----"记住"
(5).Ilike/enjoy/hateitthat-------- (6).seetoitthat----=makesurethat----"务必、确保"
(7).dependonitthat------
(1).Ienjoy____whenyouhelp_____isintrouble.
A.it,thosewho B.that,who C.this,anyone D.it,whoever
(2).IoweittoyouthatI'mstillalive.
(3)Ileaveittoyoutojudge.(我让你做判断)
(4).Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou.(你可以放心他们会帮你的)
(5).Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?
(你负责保证)
(6)Itakeitthatyouwon'tbecomingtoSophie'sparty.(我想你不回去参加)
(7).I'mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.(我正指望着你回来)
3.主语-----系-------表语从句.
(1).Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
(2).That'swhyweloveourmotherlandsomuch.
(3).Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.
(4).Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdywasthathewasill.
4.某些名词(如:
thenews/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibilityproblem/conclusion/opinion/remark评论、意见,saying格言、谚语,evidnce)---引导词(如:
that,whether,how,when,where,why)----同位语从句(注意:
which不能引导同位语从句)
(1).Herecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignfriendswillcometoourschool.
(2).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
(3).Wordcamethattheirheadmasterwouldsoonvisitourschool.
(4).Ihavenoideawhenshewillcomeback.
(二)、名词性从句的引导词:
(1).连接词:
that,whether/if,asif--------在从句中不充当任何成分。
(2).连接代词:
who,what,which,whose-------在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
(3).连接副词:
when,where.why,how,howmany/much/soon/often/long-----在从句中充当状语。
注意:
(1).if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词的宾语从句。
(2).与ornot或不定式连用,要用whether.
(3).what本身有一定的意义,且在从句中充当一定的成分,而that本身无任何意义,且在从
句中不充当任何成分。
(1).Itisunknownwhether/ifsheisill.(如果 用形式主语,if和whether都可以)
(2).Idon'tcareifhedoesn'tshowup.他来不来我都不在乎(若宾语从句为否定结构,
则多用if,而不用whether)
(3)Afteryearsofhardwork,hewasmadewhatshewas.(主语补足语----经过多年的辛劳,
她被弄成这样)
注意:
inthat(由于、因为),exceptthat(除了----),butthat(如果没有、要不是-----),besides
that(除了----)
(1)IknownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.
(2)Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.
(3)ButthatIsawit,Icouldn'thavebelievedit.
(三).弄清一类连词:
“无论(不管)--------”
Nomatterwho-----==Whoever-------
Nomatterwhat-----==Whatever------
Nomatterwhich------==Whichever-------
Nomatterwhen-------==Whenever---------
Nomatterwhere-----==wherever----------
Nomatterhow+adj/adv------==However+adj/adv-------
左边:
只能引导让步状语从句。
而右边:
既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句。
(1).I'llgivethebookto_______wantsit.
(A).anyone (B).thosewho (C).whoever (D).whomever
(2).Nomatterwho=Whoeverwantstoreadthebook,youmaylendittohim.
(3).Howeverlate=Nomatterhowlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
(5).Whenever=Everytimehesawme,hegreetedme.
Whereveryougo,we'llbethinkingofyou.
(四).弄清同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
(1)that引导定语从句时,that充当定语从句的成分;that引导同位语从句时,that不充当从句的任何成分。
(2)当when,where,why引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关,与先行词的意义基本相同,没有疑问意义;但它们引导同位语从句时,其意义与被同位的词毫无关系,其意义完全与疑问词相同,即when表示;“什么时候”,where表示:
“哪儿”。
它们引导两种从句时都在从句中做状语。
(1).Heexpressedthehopethathehadformanyyears.
HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.
(2).Ihavethe1stimpressionthathegavemein1980.
Ihavethe1stimpressionthatheisanhonestman.
(3).Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.
ThewholenationwasplungedintodeepsorrowatthenewsthatAbrahamLincolnwasmurderedata
theatre.
(4)比较:
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(定语从句)
ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.(定语从句)
Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.(同位语从句)
Thenarosethequestionwhereweweretogetthemachinesneeded.(同位语从句)
(五).特殊句型要牢记:
(1).Itissaid/believed/reported/thought/well-knownthat---------
(2).Itturnedoutthat------“结果是,原来是-----”
(3).Ithappenedthat------“碰巧--------”
(4).Itoccurredtomethat------=Itstruckmethat-------“突然想起------”
(5).Wordcamethat------“有消息传来说---------”
(6).Itseems/appearsthat-----------“似乎是,好像是---------”
(7).Itisapity/afact/nowonderthat-------“真遗憾、是事实、难怪------”
(8).Itispossible/probable/likelythat-------
(9).Itisimportant/necessary/strangethat--------{从句中用虚拟语气:
(should)+动词原形}
(10).Itiscertainthat-------
(11).Itfollowsthat-------“于是乎,从而--------”
(12).Thereisnopointindoingsth.
Thereisnoneedtodosth.
(13).Itisuptosbtodosth. “该由某人做某事,由某人负责”
(14).Itisjustlikesbtodosth.“某人恰恰是这个样子”
(15).Seetoitthat-----=Makesurethat------“务必。
确保”
(16).Howdiditcomeaboutthatyouwerelateagainyesterday?
六、弄清一组句型的区别:
(1)Itwasnotuntil----that------(强调结构)
(2).Itwas+时间段+ago或+介词短语+that------(强调结构)
(3).Itwas+时间点名词+when------"当----时已是----时间了”
(4).Itis/was/will(not)be+时间段名词+before------(肯定句)“过多久---就/才-----”
(否定句)“不久----就/才-----”
(5)Itis+时间段+since------- 例如:
(1).ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIreceivedhisletter.
(2).Itwasonthecoaststhatlotsofpeopledisappeared.
(3).Itwas3yearsagothathearrivedinAustralia.
(4).Itwas10o'clockintheeveningwhenhecameback.
(5).Itwillbehoursbeforehearriveshere.
(6).Itwasnotlongbeforetheydrovetheenemyfromtheirhomeland.
(7).Itis3dayssinceweleftourschool.
(8).Itis10yearssinceIwasateacher.(我不当教师已经10年了)
(9).Itis5yearssincehelivedinLondon.(他有5年不在伦敦住了)
定语从句
1.什么叫定语从句?
先行词?
引导词?
定语从句的位置如何?
(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.
(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?
(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.
(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.
(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?
(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.
(7).IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.
2.定语从句的引导词分为5个关系代词:
(1).who--指人,在从句中作主语。
(2).whom--指人,在从句中作宾语。
(3).whose--指人或物,在从句中作定语。
(4).which---指物,在从句指作主语或宾语;which还可以作定语起到限定词的作用(this/that/these/those),但其前面必须有介词。
(5).that--指人或物,在从句指作主语或宾语。
(5)as---指人或物,在从句中作主、宾、表,既可以引导限制性定语从句(thesame-----as,such---as,as/so---as),也可以引导非限制性定语从句(位置灵活).
3个关系副词:
(1).