人教版高中英语必修4课文原文Unit15.docx

人教版高中英语必修4课文原文Unit15.docx

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人教版高中英语必修4课文原文Unit15

必修4Unit1

ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

Itis5:

45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastAfrica.FollowingJane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelike

humans.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.Thenwefollow

astheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayof

showingloveintheirfamily.Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtyby

theafternoonandsheisright.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.Wewatchthemother

chimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthe

night.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasinahumanfamily.

NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheir

ownenvironment.However,thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfew

monthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasa

grouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.

ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftin

thewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays:

"OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.It'sterrible.ItaffectsmewhenIwatchthe

wildchimps.Isaytomyself,'Aren'ttheylucky?

"AndthenIthinkaboutsmallchimpsincages

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thoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong.Onceyouhaveseenthatyoucanneverforget..."

Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:

workingwithanimalsintheirown

environment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveintheforestasmencan.

Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.

WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK?

IenjoyedEnglish,biology,

andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldIchoosetostudyat

university?

IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodo

someresearchongreatwomenofChina.

BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistin

women'sdiseases.Shelived

from1901to1983.Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinher

chosencareer,travellingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.Oneofthemcaught

myeye.Itwasasmall

bookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.Shegavesome

simplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefromsickness.Whydidshewrite

that?

WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice?

Ilookedcarefullyatthe

textand

realizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside.Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencythey

couldnotreachadoctor.

Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.

Thatwasagenerationwhengirls'educationwasalwaysplacedsecondtoboys'.Wasshesomuch

clevererthananyoneelse?

Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.Therewasstoryafter

storyofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday'swork,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayher.

BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.IdiscoveredthatLinQiaozhihad

devotedherwholelifetoherpatientsandhadchosennottohaveafamilyofherown.Insteadshe

madesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydelivered.BythistimeIwasveryexcited.Why

notstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?

Itwasstillnottoolate

formetoimprovemystudies,preparefortheuniversityentranceexaminations,and⋯.

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必修4Unit2

APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE

AlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthe

pastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan

60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.

Bornintoapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbing

probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfifty

milliontonsofrice.Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewasproduced.Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfromjust7%of

thefarmlandinChina.DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhas

moretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.

DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohisresearch.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbles.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.Spendingmoney

onhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherthanfewertroubles.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoDryuanhadadreamabout

riceplantsastallassorghum.Eachearofricewasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofrice

wasashugeasapeanut.DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofrice

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thatcouldfeedmorepeople.Now,manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:

toexporthisricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholovesandcaresforhispeople.

CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING?

Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarming.Many

farmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently,

however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople'shealth.

Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?

First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsand

humans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizers

usuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereis

usuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.

Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturnto

organicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocuson

keepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers,therefore,oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.

Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growingcornorwheatandthenthe

nextyearpeasorsoybeans.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil,forexample,plantingpeanutsthatusethe

ground'ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeeproots.Someorganicfarm