仁爱英语初一上学期知识点归纳精华.docx
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仁爱英语初一上学期知识点归纳精华
仁爱英语初一上学期知识点归纳(精华版)
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初一上英语知识点
Unit1MakingNewFriends
【重点短语】
1.goodmorning/afternoon/evening早上/下午/晚上好
2.glad/nicetomeet/seeyou见到你很高兴
3.welcometo+地点欢迎来到……
4.let’s+v让我们做……
5.standup起立
6.sitdown坐下
7.thisis...这是……
8.thanks=thankyou谢谢
9.seeyou=seeyoulater=goodbye再见
10.IDnumber身份证号码
11.befrom=comefrom来自
12.inEnglish用英语
【重要句型】
1.---What’syourname?
---MynameisSally.
2.---Whereareyoufrom?
---I’mfromChina.
---Wheredoyoucomefrom?
---IcomefromChina.
3.---Whereishe/shefrom?
---He/SheisfromJapan.
4.---What’sthis/thatinEnglish?
---It’sa/an…
5.---What’rethese/thoseinEnglish?
---They’re…
6.---Howdoyouspellit?
---E-R-A-S-E-R,eraser.
7.---Canyouspellit?
---Yes,M-A-P,map.
8.—Howoldareyou/ishe/arethey?
—I’m/Heis/Theyareeleven.
9.—What’syourtelephonenumber?
—It’s4567967.
10.—Whatclass/gradeareyouin?
—I’minClassTen,GradeSeven.(注意大小写)
11.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
12.—Hello!
/Hi!
—Hello!
/Hi!
13.—Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.—Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou,too.
14.—WelcometoChina/myhome.—Thanks.
15.—Howdoyoudo?
—Howdoyoudo?
16.—Howareyou?
—Fine,thankyou.Andyou?
—I’mOK.
17.—Seeyouthen/later.—Seeyou.
18.—Goodbye.—Bye.
19.—Thankyou.—You’rewelcome./That’sOK./Notatall.
【重点语法】
1.元音字母:
AaEeIiOoUu
包含有以下元音的字母:
[e]AaHhJjKk
[i:
]EeBbCcDdGgPpTtVv
[aɪ]IiYy
[ju:
]UuQqWw
[e]FfLlMmNnSsXxZz
2.大小写
句首字母,人名,地名,称呼语,专有名词,星期的首字母要大写,引人注意。
•Look!
IsthatJane?
•HecomesfromHubei,China.
•Mr.Wang,thisismymom.
•—Whatclassareyouin?
—I’minClassTen,GradeSeven.
•OnSunday,wegototheWestHillforapicnic.
3.Be动词的用法
•我用am,你用are,is用于他、她、它,单数用is,复数就用are。
•含be动词的陈述句变否定句在be后加not,变一般疑问句将be提前。
•一般疑问句的肯定回答:
Yes,人称代词+be;否定回答:
No,人称代词+be+not。
如:
---Theyareteachers.---Theyarenotteachers.
---Aretheyteachers?
---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
4.不定冠词、定冠词和and的用法
(1)不定冠词a,an的用法
a/an都表示“一,一个”,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,如:
abook;adesk;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,如:
anapple/anorange/anEnglishbook;/anEnglishboy/anoldman;/anactor/anEnglishteacher/anofficeworker.
(2)the是定冠词,表特指,单复数前面都可用
•Weareinthesameclass.
•ThegirlinapinkskirtisJane.
•Whereisthebook?
•Thisisn’tmybike.Theblueoneismine.
(3)and的用法
•数字相加看做单数:
Twoandthreeisfive.
•颜色相加也是单数:
Blackandwhiteisgray.
•人和事物相加是复数:
LucyandLilyaresisters.ThepenandtheeraserareJane’s.
5.可数名词单数变复数
(1)规则变化
①一般在名词词尾加-s,如:
car---cars;photo---photos;toy---toys;boy---boys
②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词,在词尾加--es,如:
box---boxes;bus--buses
③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es,如:
baby--babies;family--families
4)以fe结尾,变fe为v再加es,如:
knife---knives
(2)不规则变化
如:
foot---feet;man---men;woman---women;snowman---snowmen;
(3)集体名词:
people,clothes,police,family
(4)成双出现的名词:
shoes,pants(trousers),gloves,eyes,ears
九.一词多义:
Anorange(桔子)isorange(橙色的).
Unit2LookingDifferent
【重点短语】
1.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物给某人Pleasegiveittoher.
2.lookthesame长相相同lookdifferent长相不同,看起来不一样
3.looklike看起来像Helookslikehisfather.=Heandhisfatherlookthesame.
4.nextto在……旁边Theboynexttomeismygoodfriend.
5.in+颜色穿着……颜色的衣服in+a/an+颜色+衣服穿着……颜色的……
TheboyinayellowT-shirtandgraypantsismygoodfriend.6.
(1)both两者都(be动词之后,实义动词之前)
Theybothhavebrownhairandblackeyes.
Theyarebothofficeworkers.
(2)all三者或三者以上都Theyareallkindtome.
7.数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n.
twobigredapplesShehasshortblondhair.
【重点句型】
1.Whoisyourfavoriteactor?
2.Weareinthesameschool,butweareindifferentgrades.
3.Whatdo/does+主语+looklike?
……长得怎么样?
---Whatdoeshelooklike?
---Heisnotverytallbutverystrong.
4.Wedon’tlookthesame,butwearegoodfriends.
Welookthesame,butweareindifferentclothes.
5.---Whatcoloris/are+主语?
---It’s/They’re+颜色.
---Whatcolorisherhair?
---It’sblond.
6.Thisismycap.=Thiscapismine.
Isthisyourcap?
=Isthiscapyours?
---Whosecapisthis?
=Whoseisthiscap?
---It’sSally’s.
---Whosearethesebananas?
---They’retheirbananas/theirs.
7.Hispantsareblueandminearewhite.(mine=mypants)
MyT-shirtisgreenandhisisbrown.(his=hisT-shirt)
8.Ihavesmalleyes,buthehasbigones.(ones指代eyes)
Myjacketisblueandwhite.Thatoneisblue.(one指代jacket)
【重点语法】
1.动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式
(1)主语是第三人称单数形式(he、she、it;单一的人;单一的名字;单一的事物),动词要用单三形式。
实义动词变第三人称单数的规则:
①一般情况直接加“s”,如:
come---comes,meet---meets
②动词以o,s,sh,ch,x结尾,加“es”,如:
do--does;go--goes;teach--teaches
③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es,如:
study--studies,fly--flies,try--tries
④特殊情况:
have--has
(2)句型转换
①当主语为第三人称单数:
变否定句时,在动词前加doesn’t,动词现原形;变一般疑问句时,在句首加does,动词现原形。
一般疑问句的肯定回答:
Yes,人称代词+does;否定回答:
No,人称代词+doesn’t.
如:
Shehassmalleyes.
---Shedoesn’thavesmalleyes.
---Doesshehavesmalleyes?
---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.
②当主语为第一、第二人称变否定句,在动词前加don’t,变一般疑问句,在句首加do,肯定回答:
Yes,人称代词+do;否定回答:
No,人称代词+don’t.
Theyhavesmalleyes.
---Theydon’thavesmalleyes.
---Dotheyhavesmalleyes?
---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.
2.表示所属关系
(1)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
形容词性物主代词myyourhisherourtheirits
名词性物主代词mineyourshishersourstheirsits
•--Whoseisthispen?
Isityours?
•--No,it’snotmine.Mypenisblue.
(2)名词所有格
①用于人或其他表示有生命的名词后:
•单数或不以s结尾的复数+’s,如:
Jane’sbook;Women’sDay
•以s结尾的复数+’如:
Teachers’Day
•Lucy’sandLily’sbags分有
LucyandLily’sroom共有
ThoseareJane’sshoes.=ThoseshoesareJane’s.
②of表示所属关系,用于没有生命的物体,如:
amapofChina;aphotoofmyfamily
Unit3GettingTogether
【重点短语和句型】
1.Couldyouplease+动词原形……?
用来表示委婉的请求
---Couldyoupleasetellmeyourname?
---Sure/Noproblem.MynameisSally.
---Sorry.
2.tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某事
tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人关于某事
Pleasetellmeyourname.=Pleasetellyournametome.
PleasetellMariaaboutit.请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。
3.helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.在某方面帮助某人,帮助某人做某事
Pleasehelpusfindhim.
CouldyoupleasehelpmewithEnglish?
=CouldyoupleasehelpmestudyEnglish?
4.wanttodosth.=wouldliketodosth.想要做某事
wantsth.=wouldlikesth.想要某物
wantsb.todosth.想要某人做……
HewantstovisitBeijing.=HewouldliketovisitBeijing.
Iwant/wouldlikeanorange.
JanewantsKangkangtosingsomesongswithher.
5.showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.把某物展示给某人看
MariashowsaphotoofherfamilytoKangkang.
6.MyEnglishisverygood.=IcanspeakEnglishverywell.
7.livein+地点居住在某地
livewith+sb.和某人住
HeliveinChinawithhisparents.
8.knowalotabout……知道许多关于……的事
HeknowsalotaboutChina.
9.say表示说话的内容,speak表示说某种语言的能力
Whatdoeshesayintheletter?
HecanspeaksomeEnglish.
10.对事物的喜欢程度
like……verymuch/alot非常喜欢
like……alittle有点喜欢
don’tlike……atall一点都不喜欢
ManystudentsinourclasslikeEnglishalot,butIlikeitalittle.
Hedoesn’tlikechocolateatall.
11.alotof+可数名词复数/不可数名词
IhavealotofEnglishbooks.
12.everyday每天
eachother相互
someofthem他们中的一些
eatout下馆子,到外面吃饭
13.playwithsb.和某人一块玩耍
liketodo/doingsth.喜欢(做)某事
ShelikestoplaywithKitty.
14.Helpyourself/yourselvestosth.随便吃(喝)……
15.bekindtosb.对某人很友好
Theyareallkindtome.他们对我很友好。
It’sverykindofyou.你真好。
16.begladtodosth.很高兴(乐意)做……
Iamverygladtobehere.我很乐意在这里。
Gladtomeetyou.很高兴见到你。
17.letsb.dosth.让某人做某事
Letmesee.让我想一想。
Letushelpyoufindhim.让我们帮助你找到他。
18.Iamhome.我到家了。
Mariaisn’tathome/innow.玛丽亚现在不在家。
Welcometomyhome.欢迎来我家。
It’stimetogohome.该回家了。
【单元知识点详解】
1.实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答
---DoeshespeakEnglish?
--Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
2.询问职业及工作地点
---Whatdoesyourmotherdo?
(书面)/Whatisyourmother?
(口语)
---SheisanEnglishteacher.
---Wheredoesshework?
---Sheworks/teaches/studiesinaschool/hospital/restaurant/onafarm/inanoffice...
3.介绍家人
Thisisaphotoofmyfamily.
Theyoungwomaninredismymother.
Istheyoungwomaninredyourmother?
(变一般疑问句)
Whoistheyoungwomaninred?
(对划线部分提问)
Mygrandparents,mycousinandIareonthesofa.
Ihaveabigfamily.我有一个大家庭。
Ilovemyfamily.我爱我的家。
4.就餐表达语
1)---Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
想不想喝些东西?
---Yes,aglassofapplejuice,please./No,thanks.
somethingtodrink一些喝的东西
somethingtoeat一些吃的东西
2)---Whatwouldyouliketohave/eat/drink?
你想吃(喝)些什么?
---I’dlikesomericeandchicken./Letmesee.我想想看。
3)Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme?
想和我共进晚餐吗?
---Yes,I’dloveto./Yes,I’dliketo.
---I’msorry,Ihaveto…
4)---Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?
你通常早餐吃什么?
---Iusuallyhavemilkandbreadforbreakfast.
have…forbreakfast/lunch/dinner早/午/晚餐吃......
5)---MayItakeyourorder,sir?
请问,要点菜了吗?
---Fishwithvegetablesandrice,please.
6)MayIhelpyou?
=CanIhelpyou?
=WhatcanIdoforyou?
请问要吃/喝/买些什么?
5.委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达
Wouldyoulikesth./todo…?
你愿意/想……?
What/Howaboutsth./doing…?
……怎么样?
Whynotdo…?
为什么不……?
Let’sdo…!
让我们干……吧!
Whydon’tyoudo…?
为什么不……?
肯定回答:
Yes,I’dlike/loveto./Goodidea./OK./Allright./I’dlovethat.
否定回答:
No,thanks./I’msorryIcan’t,Ihavetodo…/I’dlikethat,butI’msorryIhavenotime.
【重点语法】
1.人称代词的主格与宾格
点拨:
主格在句子中充当主语,放在动词之前;宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语,放在介词之后构成介宾短语。
主格
Iweyouhesheitthey
宾格
meusyouhimheritthem
---Doyouknowthem?
---Yes.Theyaremynewclassmates.
2.可数名词与不可数名词
(1)可数名词:
可以用数目来计数的名词,有单数和复数之分。
如:
banana,egg,apple,orange,noodles,vegetable,hamburger等。
(2)不可数名词:
不能用具体的数目来表示,前面不能加a/an,没有复数形式。
如:
milk,chicken,bread,Coke,coffee,rice,juice,fish,tea,water,chocolate等。
(3)不可数名词若要表示数量,可用:
数词+量词+of+不可数名词。
如:
aglassofmilk一杯牛奶;tenbottlesofapplejuice十瓶橙汁;tenloavesofbread十