南航专业英语复试.docx
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南航专业英语复试
第一章
机械工程材料Themechanicalengineeringmaterial
晶体crystal非晶体noncrystal晶胞structurecell
晶格常数latticeconstant晶格lattice(空间点阵spacelattice)
金属键metallicbond体心立方晶格bodycenteredcubiclattice
面心立方晶格facecenteredcubiclattice密排六方晶格close-packedhexagonallattice
致密度density配位数coordinationnumber晶面crystalface晶向crystalorientation各向异性anisotropy晶向指数indicesofcrystallographicdirection晶向族Crystaltothefamily
晶面指数indicesoflatticeplane晶面族familyofcrystalplanes
多晶体polycrystal;multicrystal亚结构metastructure;substructure;
单晶体monocrystal;monocrystalline晶粒crystallinegrain;graincrystal;grain;crystalparticle点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect面缺陷planardefect;planedefect
空位void,vacancy间隙原子interstitialatom置换原子substitutionalatom
位错dislocation刃型位错edgedislocation螺旋位错screwdislocations
晶界crystalboundary;grainboundary亚晶界subgrainboundary相界phaseboundary;phaseboundaries晶格畸变latticedeformation
凝固solidification结晶crystallize;crystallization;fruit过冷supercooling
过冷度degreeofsubcooling自由能freeenergy晶核crystalnucleus
近程有序short-rangeorder长程有序longrangeorder枝晶arborescentcrystal;pine-treecrystal晶粒度grainsize变质处理modification
附加振动additionalvibration金属铸锭metalingot
细晶粒区Finegrainzone
柱状晶粒区Thecolumnargrainzone
等轴状晶粒区Theequiaxedgrainzone
形核率nucleationrate长大速率growthrate
第二章
组元constituent合金alloy相phase固溶体solidsolution
置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolutio间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution
有限固溶体limitedsolidsolution无限固溶体Infinitesolidsolution
固溶强化Solidsolutionstrengthening中间相Mesophase
金属间化合物Intermetalliccompound
合金系Alloysystem相图Phasediagram自由度Degreesoffreedom
相律Phaserule匀晶相图Isomorphousphasediagram
平衡结晶Equilibriumcrystallization二元相图Binaryphasediagram
杠杆定律Leverage'slaw枝晶偏析Dendriticsegregation
共晶合金Eutecticalloy呀共晶合金Hypoeutecticalloy
伪共晶Pseudo–eutectic比重偏析Gravitysegregation
质量分数Massfraction包晶相图Peritecticphasediagram
二元系合金相图BinaryAlloyPhaseDiagram相图分析PhaseDiagramAnalysis
共晶转变Eutectictransformation共析转变Eutectoidtransformation
偏晶转变Monotectic熔晶转变Meltingcrystallinetransition
包晶转变Peritectic包析转变Peritectoidtransition
合晶转变Symplectitetransition
第三章
铁碳合金Iron-carbonalloy纯铁Pureiron渗碳体Cementite
抗拉强度Tensilestrength屈服强度Yieldstrength伸长率Elongation
断面收缩率Sectionshrinkage冲击韧度Impacttoughness硬度Hardness
塑性Plastic韧性Toughness强度Strength
间隙化合物Gapcompounds同素异构转变Allotropictransformation
机械混合物Mechanicalmixture工业纯铁Industrialpureiron
碳钢Carbonsteel共析钢Eutectoidsteel过共析钢Hypereutectoidsteel
亚共析钢Hypoeutectoidsteel白口铸铁Whitecastiron
共晶白口铸铁Eutecticwhitecastiron亚共晶白口Hypoeutecticwhitecastiron
过共晶白口铸铁Hypereutecticwhitecastiron一次渗碳体Oncecementite
二次渗碳体Secondarycementite三次渗碳体Threecementite
魏氏体Widmanstatten低碳钢Lowcarbonsteel中碳钢Mediumcarbonsteel
中高碳钢HighCarbonSteel高碳钢High-carbonsteel铸造casting
锻造forging冲击载荷Impactload铸钢Caststeel牌号brand
成分composition缩孔Shrinkagecavity缩松shrinkage弹性Theelastic
耐磨性Resistancetowear锰manganese硅silicon硫sulfur
磷phosphoru热脆hotshortness冷脆coldshortness氢脆hydrogenbrittleness
沸腾钢rimmingsteel镇静钢killedsteel半镇静钢Semi-killedsteel
碳素结构钢structuralcarbonsteel碳素工具钢plaincarbontoolsteel
优质碳素结构钢improvedcarbonstructuralsteel
第四章
弹性变形Elasticdeformation塑性变形Plasticdeformation
断裂Fracture应力Stress应变Strain
弹性模量Elasticmodulus弹性极限Elasticlimit
滑移Slippage滑移带Slipbands滑移线Slipline
滑移系Slipsystems位错机制Dislocationmechanism
纤维组织Fibroustissue加工硬化Workhardening
织构Texture制耳Earing回复recovery
再结晶Recrystallization晶粒长大graingrowth
热加工Thermalprocessing冷加工Coldworking
冷塑性coldplasticity热轧hotrolling
流线streamline
第五章
钢的热处理Heattreatmentofthesteel热处理Heattreatment
保温holding加热heating冷却cooling
热处理强化Heattreatmenttostrengthen回火Tempering
退火Annealing正火Normalizing淬火Quench
表面热处理Surfaceheattreatment
表面淬火Surfacehardening化学热处Chemicalheattreatment
感应加热Inductionheating火焰加热Flameheating
渗碳carburizing渗氮Nitriding碳氮共渗Carbonitriding
过冷奥氏体undercooledaustenite索氏体Sorbite
托氏体Troostite贝氏体Bainite马氏体Martensite
上贝氏体Upperbainite下贝氏体Lowerbainite
片状马氏体Platemartensite板条马氏体Lathmartensite
均匀化退火Homogenizing完全退火fullannealing
球化退火spheroidizingannealin去应力退火stressreliefannealing
等温退火isothermalannealing网状组织networkstructure
淬透性hardenability淬硬性hardeningcapacity
回火脆性temperbrittleness等温淬火isothermalquenching
低温回火脆性lowtemperaturetemperembrittlement
高温回火脆性Hightemperaturetemperbrittleness
第一/二类回火脆性typeⅠ/
temperbrittleness
第六章
铬chromium镍nickel钼molybdenum钨tungsten
钒vanadium钛titanium铌niobium钴cobalt
稀土元素rareearthelement(REE)合金铁素体Alloyferrite
回火稳定性temperresistance二次硬化secondaryhardening
低合金高强度钢high-strengthlowalloysteel
易切削钢freemachiningsteel渗碳钢carburizingsteel
渗氮钢nitridingsteel调质钢quenchedandtemperedsteel
弹簧钢Springsteels滚动轴承钢rollingbearingsteel
合金工具钢alloytoolsteel刃具钢cutlerysteel
碳素工具钢carbontoolsteel合金刃具钢Alloytoolsteel
高速钢highspeedsteel模具钢diesteel
冷作模具钢coldworkdiesteel热作模具钢hotworkdiesteel
量具钢Measuringsteel特殊性能钢specialpropertysteel
不锈钢stainlesssteel铁素体型不锈钢ferriticstainlesssteel
马氏体不锈钢martensiticstainlesssteel
奥氏体不锈钢austeniticstainlesssteel
固溶处理solutiontreatment稳定化处理stabilizingtreatment
奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢ferrite-austeniteduplexstainlesssteel
双相钢dual-phasesteel耐热钢heat-resistantsteel
珠光体(马氏体/贝氏体/奥氏体)耐热钢Pearliticheatresistantsteel
耐磨钢abrasion-resistantsteel硬质合金ementedcarbide
第七章
铸铁castiron石墨化graphitization石墨graphite
灰铸铁greycastiron可锻铸铁malleablecastiron
球墨铸铁nodularcastiron等温淬火isothermalquenching
耐磨铸铁wearresistingcastiron
耐热铸铁Heatresistantcastiron
第八章
工业纯铝commercialpurityaluminum防锈铝Antirustaluminum
铸造铝合castaluminiumalloy硬铝合金hardaluminumalloys
变形铝合金deformingaluminiumalloy锻铝forgingaluminiumalloy
超硬铝合金superhardaluminumalloys
固溶强化solutionstrengthening时效强化ageingstrengthening
黄铜brass青铜bronze
第九章
高分子材料polymermaterials单体monomer
链节segment聚合度degreeofpolymerization
官能度functionality主链backbone支链branch
聚合物polymer陶瓷ceramics晶相crystalphase
玻璃相glassphase气相gasphase硅酸盐silicate
复合材料compositematerials玻璃纤维glassfiber
碳纤维carbonfiber晶须whisker