英语语法讲义.docx

英语语法讲义.docx

《英语语法讲义.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语法讲义.docx（66页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语语法讲义

一、名词

1.Mr.andMrs.Smitharesoexcitedtoday,fortheybought__________yesterday.

A.manyfurnituresB.somanyfurniture

C.quiteafewfurnitureD.alotoffurniture

2.__________havetraveledinspace-shipsalready.

A.WomenastronautsB.Womenastronaut

C.WomanastronautsD.Womanastronaut

3._________havecomeupwiththesolutionstotheproblem.

A.TheboystudentB.Theboysstudent

C.TheboystudentsD.Theboysstudents

4.LiYinghasthree___________.

A.brother-in-lawB.brothers-in-law

C.brothers-in-lawsD.brother-in-laws

5.Ifyouarefrightened,telloneof____________.

A.thegrown-upB.thegrown-ups

C.theup-grownsD.theup-grown

6.Theladyoverthereis_________.

A.JaneandMarymotherB.JaneandMary'smother

C.Jane'sandMary'smotherD.Jane'sandMarymother

7.Theyare___________ofdifferentpresses.Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe__________offices.

A.editor-in-chiefs/editor-in-chief'sB.editor-in-chief/editor-in-chief

C.editor-in-chiefs/editor's-in-chiefD.editors-in-chief/editor-in-chief's

8.Heneedsa__________.

A.fewdays'restB.fewdaysrest

C.littledays'restD.littledaysrest

9.Iborrowedabookof______yesterday.

A.youB.your

C.yoursD.your’s

10.EversincePicasso’spaintingwentonexhibit,there____largecrowdsatthemuseumeveryday.

A.isB.hasbeen

C.havebeenD.are

参考答案：

DACBBBDACC

二、代词

1.Itwas___________whocleanedthedormroom.

A.heandIB.himandme

C.heandmeD.himandI

2.Thesemachinesarebetterthan__________weturnedoutlastyear.

A.thatB.what

C.thoseD.which

3."MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes,sir?

"

"Yes,I'dliketotryonthoseblack_________"

A.oneB.ones

C.twoD.pair

4."DoyoulikethebookSidneygaveyou?

"

"Verymuch.It'sexactly_____________Iwanted."

A.onewhichB.theone

C.onewhatD.onethat

5."Haveyoufoundthepenyoulostyesterday?

"

"Yes,Ihavefound___________."

A.oneB.it

C.eitherD.both

6.PoeandHawthorne____________.inthedevelopmentoftheshortstoryasadistinctiveAmericangenre.

A.andbothleaderswereB.bothwereleaders

C.werebothleadersD.whowereleaders

7.Myparents____________busyinthisevening.

A.arebothB.allare

C.bothareD.areall

8.__________areveryclever.

A.BoththemB.Bothofthem

C.ThebothboysD.Bothofboys

9.Catherinehadspent______________mowingthelawn.

A.thewholedayB.allduringtheday

C.altogetheradayD.entirelyaday

10.____________thegirlscameonthetrip.

A.NeitherB.Nobodyof

C.NoneofD.Nooneof

参考答案：

ACBBBCABAC

三、形容词和副词

1.Hissalaryasadriverismuchhigher____________.

A.thanateacherB.thanthatofateacher

C.thatofateacherD.thanthoseofateacher

2.__________allthepoemsIhavereadrecently,ThomasHardy'sTheDarklingThrustseemsthemostrelevanttoourtimes.

A.OfB.Among

C.InD.About

3.Tothebestofmyknowledge,theclimateinArizonaisbetteryear-round____________.

A.thananyotherstateB.thanotherstates

C.thaninanyotherstateD.thanisanyotherstate

4.Questioningthequalityoftheairtheybreathebecomeslessimportantthan_________aboutthenextpaycheck.

A.havingquestionedB.questioning

C.tohavequestionedD.question

5.He___________liveinthecountrythaninthecity.

A.wouldB.likesto

C.wouldratherD.hadbetter

6.ThecultureandcustomsofAmericaaremorelike___________ofEnglandthanofanyothercountry.

A.thatB.what

C.whichD.those

7.Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweigh__________thanthesamefoodpackedincans,

andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialcondition.

A.fewB.fewer

C.littleD.less

8.Butshewouldratherstayathomealonethan__________toJane'sgossip.

A.tolistenB.listening

C.listenD.listened

9.Thenewmethodforrefiningaluminumwas___________thatitbecamepracticalformany

purposes,oneofthefirstofwhichwasformakingpotsandpans.

A.somorecheaperB.somuchcheaper

C.somanycheaperD.suchmuchcheaper

10.___________livingthingsarelinkedtogetherasintimatelyasbeesandflowers.

A.FewerB.Few

C.LittleD.Less

参考答案：

BACBCDDCBB

四、非谓语动词作定语和状语

1.Thestudentsexpectedthere__________morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.

A.isB.tobe

C.beingD.havebeen

2.WhereshallIputmyboxes?

Thedraweristheplace___________.

A.toputthemB.puttingthemin

C.toputinthemD.toputthemin

3.Shehasnopencil______________.

A.towriteaboutB.towritewith

C.towriteD.towritein

4.Thoughsmall,theroomiscomfortable_____________.

A.toliveB.tolivein

C.livinginD.livein

5.Thegirlwalkedquietlyintotheroom___________awakeherroommates.

A.soastoB.inordernotto

C.soastonotD.fortonot

6.Weweresurprisedat____________theexam.

A.himnotpassB.hispassingnot

C.hisnotpassingD.himnottopass

7.____________one'sworkproperlymaybeworsethannotdoingitatall.

A.NottodoB.Doingnot

C.DoingD.Notdoing

8.Hepridedhimselfon__________atchess.

A.havingneverbeatenB.havingbeenneverbeaten

C.havingneverbeenbeatenD.neverhavebeenbeaten

9."Howdidyoulearntodrive?

"“_________strictobediencetomytutor.

A.GivingB.Bygiving

C.GiveD.Togive

10.Janewasscoldedbythedirectorbecauseshelefttheofficewiththedoor___________.

A.unlockingB.notbeinglocked

C.unlockedD.notlocking

11.______________inancienttimes,thebookstillappealstoreaderstoday.

A.ThoughitwrittenB.Thoughwritten

C.ItwaswriterD.Writtenitwas

12.Afterawholeday'sheavywork,theoldworkerreturnedhome,_____________.

A.hungryandfeltexhaustingB.hungerandexhausted

C.hungryandexhaustedD.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted

13.Theoldwritercouldnotsleepatnight,hiswrongsandsorrows_____________himnopeace.

A.gaveB.havegiven

C.beinggivenD.giving

14.Televisionhasbecomeamajorinstrumentofcommunication,___________ustoseeaswellastohearallkindsofprograms.

A.topermitB.permitted

C.beingpermittingD.permitting

15.Thedecision__________,whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.

A.beenmadeB.hasbeenmade

C.havingbeenmadeD.havingbeenmaking

16.Somepeoplearesittingonthegrass;othersarestrollingalongthelakeside,____________.

A.chattingandtolaughB.tochatandtolaugh

C.chattingandlaughingD.chattingandlaughed

17.Iwasoverjoyedatthenewsofmyhometown____________somuchprogress.

A.tomakeB.tohavemade

C.madeD.havingmade

18.Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,_____________.

A.onlydiffersindegreeB.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.differingonlyindegreeD.anddifferingindegreeonly

19.Thatthebrain,once_____________oxygen,dieshasbeenproved.

A.deprivingofB.deprived

C.beingdeprivedD.deprivedof

20.TheRedCross_____________helpforrefugees,overtwomilliondollarshavebeenraised.

A.appealsforB.appealsto

C.hasbeenappealingforD.appealingfor

参考答案：

BDBBBCDCBCBCDDCCDCDD

非谓语动词（动词+-ing/动词不定式）作动词宾语和宾语补足语

一、综述

动词+-ing作宾语

Weallenjoyswimming.我们都很喜欢游泳。

SomeonesuggestedorganizinganoutingtotheWestHills.

Icouldn’thelpfeelingproudofourcountry.

要求后面跟动词+-ing作宾语的动词和词组：

endure（忍受）,keep,enjoy,mind,resent（憎恶）,escape,resist,risk,finish,quit,can’thelp（couldn’thelp）

动词不定式作宾语

Don’thesitatetoaskmequestionsifyoudon’tunderstand.

要求后面跟动词不定式作宾语的动词和词组：

afford,decide,like,expect,fail,hate

二、重要考点

（一）某些动词词组也要求动词+-ing作宾语，例如：

giveup放弃beopposedto反对

leaveoff停止devoteto投身于

putoff推迟feellike喜欢

amountto等于lookforwardto期待

attendto注意objectto反对

beaccustomedto习惯于resortto诉诸于

beusedto习惯于submitto屈服于

例句：

Mr.Smithgaveupsmokingaccordingtohisdoctor'sadvice.

Somepeopleintherichworldareopposedtodoingbusinesswithpoorcountries.

（二）有时在形容词后面也要求用动词+-ing，例如：

busy，worth，worthwhile等。

例如：

Isitworthwhilemakingsuchanexperiment?

（三）在point，trouble，difficulty等名词后，应加介词in+动词-ing。

in可以省略。

例如：

Thereisnotmuchpoint（in）thinkingaboutit.这件事情没有必要考虑。

Americanbusinessmenhavedifficulty（in）understandingtheirJapanesecounterparts.

（四）在it'snouse，it'snotmuchuse，it'snogood【itis+n.+-ing】后要求用动词+-ing。

但是在itisofnouse[itis+adj.+todo]后则要用动词不定式。

例如：

It'snousecryingaboutit.Youmustdosomething.

It'snogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.

It'sofnousetocryoverspiltmilk.

（五）在有些动词后面既可以跟动词+-ing，也可以跟动词不定式，但在某些动词之后，两种结构之间的意义差别较明显。

try，mean，remember，forget，regret等动词后跟不定式或动名词意思不同。

例如：

Wemusttrytosolvethisproblem.

我们必须设法解决这个问题。

Wecantrysolvingthisprobleminotherways.

我们可以试用另一些方法来解决这一问题。

Imustremembertopayyoufortheticket.

我一定要记住把电影票的钱给你（支付的动作还没有发生）。

Irememberseeingyousomewhere.

我记得在什么地方见过你（见的动作已经发生）。

（六）demand，deserve，need，require，want等词既可以要求动词+-ing作宾语，也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。

例如：

John'shouseinthecountrywantspainting.

John'shouseinthecountrywantstobepainted.

这两种结构意义相同。

（七）还有像goon，stop这类动词如果后接动词+-ing则表示继续（做某事）或停止（做某事）；而如果后接动词不定式则表示前面一个动作已结束或停止，继之做另一个动作。

例如：

Therobotfirstreadstheengineeringdrawingandthengoesontoassemblethepartsaccordingtothedrawing.

机器人首先阅读工程图纸，然后根据图纸安装零部件。

Somestudentswentonworkingontheirexaminationwhenthebellrang.

当铃声响的时候，一些学生还在继续做考试题。

（八）要求动词不定式作宾语补足语【givesbsth】的动词有：

feel，have，hear，let，listento，lookat，make，notice，observe，see和watch。

在这些动词后面，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。

例如：

I'lltrytohavesomeonerepairtherecorderforyou.

Electricitymakesthemotorrun.

但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式则必须带to。

例如：

Themotorismadetorunbyelectricity.

（九）在cannotbut，donothingb