英语周报高中英语 Unit1 School life语法 定语从句讲练1牛津译林版必修1.docx
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英语周报高中英语Unit1Schoollife语法定语从句讲练1牛津译林版必修1
Unit1Schoollife
定语从句
（1）
一、基本概念
（一）定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：
who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：
when,where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法
（一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语，宾语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.
whose
人，物
定语
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.
that
人，物
主语，宾语
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
物
主语，宾语
Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
人，物
主语，宾语
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
例如：
（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?
（作主语）
②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）
③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）
④Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）
⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）
注意：
关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况
which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下，只用that。
1先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：
①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
例如：
①Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.
②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.
⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。
例如：
①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。
例如：
①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
②Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.
（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况
⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。
例如：
①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.
⑵先行词是those时。
例如：
①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
（四）其它情况
⑴先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：
①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.
⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。
例如：
①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：
①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.
②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。
例如：
①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或
→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。
例如：
Haveyouseenthepen（which）Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?
（which作介词with的宾语）
→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?
但是，要注意的是：
⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。
⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
例如：
1错误：
Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?
正确：
Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?
或Whoistheoldman（that/whom）youweretalkingto?
2错误：
Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.
正确：
Thesearethesheep（which/that）theboytookcareof.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
例如：
1Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?
2Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.
3Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.
4Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.
5Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.
例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。
例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which,who,whom的用法区别：
情况
用法说明
例句
只用that的情况
1．先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。
2．先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4．先行词既指人又指物时
5．先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6．句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who,whom的情况
1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
二、语法知识拓展
（一）选择适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
1.Riceisaplant________isgrowninthesouth.
2.Those________wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
3.All________glittersisnotgold.
4.Thisistheonlywayleadstoyoursuccess.
5.Boththegirlandherdogwerecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.
6.Thisisthebiggestbuilding________wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.
7.Thisisthesecondschool________Iusedtoworkat,andmanystudentstherestillhavecontactwithme.
8.Thereisamountain________topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
9.Youcantakeanyseat________isfree.
10.Couldyoutellmefrom_________youborrowedthisbook?
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1.Theladyisafilmstar.
Youtookaphotooftheladyyesterday.
___________________________________________________________________
2.What’stheaddressofthefactory?
Wenoticedtheadvertisementofthefactorytheotherday.
___________________________________________________________________
3.Thisisthestadium
HeoftengoestothestadiumonSundays.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.AprofessorisgoingtogiveusaspeechthisFridayafternoon.
Hehasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotection.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoney.
Hecanbuyalaptopwiththemoney.
_____________________________________________________________________
（三）单项填空
1.Whoisthewomanissweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
2.ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
3.Hetalkedaboutaheronoonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
4.HaveyoureadthebookIlenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
5.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
6.RecentlyIboughtasecond-handcarwasverylow.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhoseC.itspriceD.whoseprice
7.Lily,isHelen______youwanttointroducemeto?
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.thegirl
8.Theprofessorstalkedwithusaboutthebeautifulschoolsandtheexperiencedteachers______theyhadseen.
A.thatB.whoC.whichD.what
9.Thisistheonlybus______goestothevillageschool.
A./B.thatC.whereD.it
10.Isthereashoparound_______sellsChinaDaily?
A.whoB.whereC.inwhichD.which
11.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclass_______acceptedascandidateforthepresidentofourStudents’Union.
A.whowasB.whowere
C.whohasbeenD.whohavebeen
12.Sheisnolongerthesweetlittlegirl______sheusedtobe.
A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that
13.Isthissinger______songsyoulikebest?
A.who’sB.whoseC.whichDtheonewhose
14.Hegotangrywith_____wasagainsthisopinion.
A.whoB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
15.Anyone_____withwhatIsaidmayraiseyourhand.
A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree
16.That’sthedog______.
A.we’vebeenlookingafterB.afterwhichwe’vebeenlooking
C.whatwe’vebeenlookingafterD.we’vebeentakingcarefor
17.Thisisthelasttime______I’llgiveyoualesson.
A.whenB.thatC.whatD.as
18.Thefamily_____IstayedwithinParisarecomingtoLondon.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.whom
19.Thisistheveryknife______Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.
A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich
20.Chinahasmanyrivers,_____theYangtzeRiveristhelongest..
A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich
21.Theusetheyare______thewastehelpstosavealotofmoney.
A.madeofB.madefromC.makingupofD.makingof
22.Thattree,thebranches______arealmostbare,isaveryoldone.
A.whoseB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.ofit
23.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
24.WhatisthewaySmiththoughtof______enoughmoneytobuythenewhouse?
A.gettingB.havinggotC.beinggotD.toget
25.Jackspentasmuchtimeashecould______overhislessons.
A.goingB.wentC.goD.togo
26.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature______waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.whenD.ofwhich
27.Iamimpressedbythe
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