英语动词成语与短语动词之对比.docx
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英语动词成语与短语动词之对比
北京语言大学
毕业论文
开题报告
学号:
200904534800
姓名:
龙丹
导师:
张敬彩
研究方向:
语言学及应用语言学方向
论文题目:
英语动词成语与短语动词之对比
专业:
英语教育
入学时间:
2009年3月
开题时间:
2011年7月10日
2011年
7月
10日
论文题目
英语动词成语与短语动词之对比
一、选题意义及国内外研究现状综述
英语动词成语和短语动词是组成英语成语的两大重要成分,两者在日常生活学习用语中的频繁出现常常使得英语学习者无法将两者辨认开来,造成了英语学习者熟练掌握英语成语的一大障碍。
为进一步了解英语动词成语和短语动词,以便英语学习者在平常英语应用或活动中将其区分开,从而更加牢固地掌握英语成语。
本文从英语动词成语和短语动词的起源现状开始探讨其二者在结构上和特征上的相同点与不同之处。
通过将英语动词成语和短语动词在结构上和特征上进行对比,最后总结出两者间存在的共同之处和区别之在。
希望能为英语学习者开辟出一条熟练掌握英语成语的捷径。
二、选题研究目标、研究内容和拟解决的关键性问题
1.简介
2.英语动词成语和短语动词的起源
3.英语动词成语和短语动词的结构
3.1英语动词成语的结构
3.2短语动词的结构
4.英语动词成语和短语动词的特征
4.1动词成语的特征
4.1.1功能习用性
4.1.2强烈稳定性
4.1.3.强烈统一性
4.1.4清晰简练性
4.2短语动词的特征
4.2.1广泛应用性
4.2.2不统一性和不稳定性
4.2.3语义多样性和复杂应用性
5.英语动词成语和短语动词在结构上和特征上的对比
5.1英语动词成语和短语动词相同点
5.2英语动词成语和短语动词的不同处
5.3英语动词成语和短语动词的关系
6.结束语
三、拟采取的研究方法、试验方案及其可行性分析
1、广泛查阅相关文献,了解本领域研究现状;
2、要有鲜明的观点,立论有据,并运用一定的逻辑方法分析论证;
3、在老师指导下按时独立开题和撰写初稿,不断修改完善直至定稿,严禁抄袭剽窃;
4、论文必须用英文书写,字数不少于4000英语单词;
5、行文必须符合学术论文规范。
四、选题的创新性
本文从英语动词成语和短语动词的起源现状开始探讨其二者在结构上和特征上的相同点与不同之处。
通过将英语动词成语和短语动词在结构上和特征上进行对比,最后总结出两者间存在的共同之处和区别之在。
五、计划进度、预期进展
1.指导教师根据选题向学生下达任务书;学生根据任务书查阅相关文献,收集资料并拟定写作提纲。
2.进一步分析整理资料,完成开题报告,开始论文写作。
3.写作并完成初稿,接受中期检查。
4.根据导师的修改和建议,进一步补充和润色,直至定稿;论文评阅
应收集的资料、主要参考文献:
[1]Wood,F.1986.EnglishVerbalIdioms.BeijingPress.
[2]Mackin,R.1975.OxfordDictionaryofCurrentIdiomaticalEnglish.Volume2.OxfordUniversityPress.
[3]Courtney,R.1983.LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs.LongmanPress.
[4]CambridgeInternationalDictionaryofIdioms.1987.CambridgeUniversityPress.
[5]Cheng,B.1983.AnOutlineofEnglishIdioms(InChinese).HubeiEducationPress.
[6]Chen,J.2003.DiscussiononthesyntacticchangeableandsemanticseparatablefunctionsofEnglishverbalidioms(InChinese):
JournalofGuangdongUniversityofTechnology,3
(1),pp.61-64.
[7]陈锡麟.1992.英语成语谚语趣读[M].复旦大学出版社.
[8]陆国强.1999.现代英语词汇学[M].上海外国语教育出版社.
[9]张昌柱.1985.英语短语动词[M].河北人民出版社.
Contents
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ.
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅲ
Contents………………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅳ
1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….1
2.Theoriginsofverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs………………………………………………..2
3.StructureofEnglishverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs………………………………………….4
3.1StructureofEnglishverbalidioms………………………………………………………….4
3.2StructureofEnglishphrasalverbs…………………………………………………………5
4.Characteristicsofverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs……………………………………………..6
4.1Characteristicsofverbalidioms…………………………………………………………….6
4.1.1Possessingthefunctionofconventionalusage………………………………………..6
4.1.2Holdingastrongstabilityinsentences…………………………………………………7
4.1.3Owningastrongglobalityinpatterns…………………………………………………..8
4.1.3.1Verbalidiomskeepingthemeaningofeachseparateword……………………….8
4.1.3.2Verbalidiomsleadingtocompletelynewandmetaphoricalmeanings……………9
4.1.4Expressingaclearsuccinctnessinapplication………………………………………….9
4.2Characteristicsofphrasalverbs……………………………………………………………..9
4.2.1BeingusedextensivelyindailyEnglish………………………………………………..10
4.2.2Varyinginstabilityandglobalityinpatterns…………………………………………...10
4.2.3Applyingcomplexlywithmultiplemeaning……………………………………………11
5.Comparisonsbetweenverbalidiomsandphrasalverbsinstructuresandcharacteristics………12
5.1Similaritiesbetweenverbalidiomsandphrasalverb………………………………………..12
5.2Distinctionbetweenverbalidiomsandphrasalverb……………………………………….13
5.3Relationshipbetweenverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs…………………………………….13
6.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...14
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………...16
英语动词成语与短语动词之对比
摘要
英语动词成语和短语动词是组成英语成语的两大重要成分,两者在日常生活学习用语中的频繁出现常常使得英语学习者无法将两者辨认开来,造成了英语学习者熟练掌握英语成语的一大障碍。
为进一步了解英语动词成语和短语动词,以便英语学习者在平常英语应用或活动中将其区分开,从而更加牢固地掌握英语成语。
本文从英语动词成语和短语动词的起源现状开始探讨其二者在结构上和特征上的相同点与不同之处。
通过将英语动词成语和短语动词在结构上和特征上进行对比,最后总结出两者间存在的共同之处和区别之在。
希望能为英语学习者开辟出一条熟练掌握英语成语的捷径。
关键词:
动词成语;短语动词;结构;特征
1.Introduction
Beingafixedgroupofwordswithaspecialdifferentmeaningfromthemeaningsoftheseparatewords,Englishidiomisaspecialexpressiveforminhumanbeing’slanguage.ItiswidelyusedinEnglishlanguageforitscompactstructure,strongexpressivepoweranditsstrongercapacityinloadingtheculturalconnotationthanotherkindsoflanguagesegment.Englishidiomscontainseverallanguageelements:
phrasesofdifferentkinds,structuredsentences,establishedanalogicalwaysofexpression(e.g.metaphoricalexpressionbreaktheice,themetonymicalexpressionagreenhand,etc),literaryquotations(suchasAchilles’heel),somefamoussaying,slangandproverbsandsoon.Verbalidiomsandphrasalverbs---thecolorfulandfascinatingaspectsofEnglishvocabulary---makeupthemostactiveandcommonelementsofEnglishidioms.Accordingtothetraditionalideas,verbalidiomsarewordgroupssettingverbsastheirheadsandotherelementsasthecomplementsthusforminganewmeaningfulunitywhilephrasalverbsareverbswithextra“bit”(prepositionoradverbsorboth)addedtothem.Theyarecommonlyusedinalltypesoflanguages,informalandformal,spokenandwritten,beingabundantindailyuseofEnglish.
Manyscholarsaswellaslinguistshavedonequitealotofresearchesonthem.AnOutlineofEnglishIdiomscompiledbyChen(1983)givesusdetailsofEnglishidiomsincludingdefinitions,basiccharacteristics,functionsandapplications.Wood(1985)isaBritishlinguist,inhisdictionaryEnglishVerbalIdioms,helistsoutverbalcompoundsthatcanbeusedtoformanEnglishverbalidiom.Makkai(1984)compiledHandbookofCommonlyUsedAmericanIdiomsincludingphrases,colloquialisms,slangandproverbs.Thebookhelpsustodistinguishidiomsfromotherkindsoflanguagebranches.Meanwhile,domesticresearchersalsodoalotofresearchinthisaspectofEnglish.Chen(2002)achievedhisresearchwiththebookIdiomsandProverbswhichalsohelpsEnglishlearnersquitealot.AsLongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbscomesout,Courtney(1983)helpsEnglishlearnerstogetonwelleasilywithEnglishphrasalverbs.
AlthoughverbalidiomsandphrasalverbsexisteverywhereinEnglish,it’softenextremelydifficultforEnglishlearnerstodistinguishEnglishverbalidiomsfromphrasalverbswhentheyexistwiththesamestructure,aswiththeverbalidiomscaledown(v+adverb)andthephrasalverbwalkalong(v+adverb).Sometimesaverbalidiomcanbeusedasaphrasalverb,andalsoaphrasalverbcanbeappliedintheformofaverbalidiom.What’smore,therealsoexistsimilaritiesanddistinctionsbetweenEnglishverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs.Inthesesituations,it’sextremelyurgenttogainasmuchknowledgeaswecantobeproficientwiththem.TohelpEnglishlearnerstohaveabetterunderstandingthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenverbalidiomsandphrasalverbsandthusappropriatelyusethemincorrespondingcontext,basedonrelevantresearch,thispaperfirstaddressesthestructuresandcharacteristicsofverbalidiomsandphrasalverbsrespectively,andthencomparesthesetwoqualitiesofverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs.Inthisway,theauthorhopestohelpEnglishlearnersmasterverbalidiomsandphrasalverbsinashortcut.
2.Theoriginsofverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs
EnglishverbalidiomsandphrasalverbsarecomplicatedconceptsinEnglishlanguage.Theyhavebeenappliedinourdailylifesincethemomenttheywerecreated,expressingmeaningfulideasandthoughts.
Todeeplystudybothverbalidiomsandphrasalverbs,wehavetounderstandclearlytheoriginsofthem.Zhang(1980)statesthatmostofthemasterlyverbalidiomsinEnglishlanguagearecreatedbysailorsonthesea,huntersinthejungle,peasantsinthefield,cooksinthekitchenetc.becausewhentheyareengagedintheirprofessionalactivitiesorworks,usuallytheyneedsomeshortandsimplewordstoexpresstheirthoughtsrelatedwiththeirworks.Theymatchedupsomemeaningfulwordgroupsfromtheitemstheyarefamiliarwith,creatingsomecolorfulandmeaningfulmetaphorwhichareacceptedtobetheterminologyofacertainactivityorprofession.Afteralongtime,thesewordgroupsleadingwithverbsbecomethestructuredverbalidioms.Theyexisteverywhereinourdailylife.Let’sfirstglanceatthefollowingshortpassage:
Don’tyouseehe’suptohisearsinwork?
He’slosttrackofthedate.Itgoeswithoutsayingthathewon’trememberherbirthday.Itseemsoutofthequestionforhimtosendacardtoher.I’msureshewillblowupthisevening(Chen,2002).
Wemayprobablydon’tunderstandwhatthepassageistalkingaboutatfirstglancebecauseofsomephraseslike:
uptohisearsinwork,losttrackof,goeswithoutsaying,outofthequestionandblowup.Asamatteroffact,allthesephrasesareso-calledidiomsandthreeofthem(losttrackof,goeswithoutsaying,andblowup)areverbalidioms.Inaverbalidiom,therearetwobasicelements.Oneisthehead,theotheristhecomplement.Justasitsnameimplies,itsetsaverbastheheadoftheverbalidiomandothernon-verbelementsasthecomplement.Forexample,intheverbalidiomintheabovepassagelosttractof,wemayclearlyknowthatthisverbalidiomcentralizesonlooseandtheverblooseistheheadoftheverbalidiomandthenountractaswellastheprepositionofmakesupthecomplement.Whenweknowthemeaningoftheseidiomscompletely,wewillunderstandthepassagewithoutanytrouble.Sowecansaythatverbalidiomsarejustaroundus,theycamefromthepracticallifeofusandarebeingappliedinourpracticallife.TheyappeareverywhereaslongaswegetintouchwithEnglish.