名词复数形式的构成法.docx

名词复数形式的构成法.docx

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名词复数形式的构成法

名词复数形式的构成法：

1．在词尾加“s”：

book-books，map-maps

2．以“s”“x”“ch”结尾的词加“es”：

bus-buses，box-boxes，watch-watches

3．以辅音加“y”结尾的词，将“y”改为“ies”：

city-cities，dictionary-dictionries

4．以“f”或“fe”结尾的词，将它们改为“ves”：

leaf-leaves，wife-wives

5．以“o”结尾的词，有生命的后面加“es”，没生命的加“s”：

hero-heroes，photo-photos

6．单复数一样：

fish-fish，deer-deer，sheep-sheep

7．没有规则的，必须死记硬背的：

man-men，woman-women，child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice

Ilikeapples.Helikesapple.

HewatchesTV.

Mymotherwashesmyclothes.

疑问句和否定句的构成:

凡是含有be,can,may,must,shall,will等词的句子,变为疑问句时,就是将该此词移至句首,变为否定句时就是在该词后面加“not”:

Youareastudent.Areyouastudent?

Youarenotastudent.

Shecandance.Canshedance?

Shecannotdance.

没有含以上词的句子,变为疑问句时,在句首加“do”（主语如果是第三人称单数则写成“does”）;变成否定句时,在动词前加“don’t”（主语如果是第三人称单数则写成“doesn’t”）

YoulikeEnglish.DoyoulikeEnglish?

Youdon’tlikeEnglish.

HelikesEnglish.DoeshelikeEnglish?

Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.

Theyarefarmers.Aretheyfarmers?

Theyaren’tfarmers.

Hebuysacar.Doeshebuyacar.Hedoesn’tbuyacar.

Youplayfootball.Doyouplayfootball?

Youdon’tplayfootball.

Hecansingwell.Canhesingwell?

Hecan’tsingwell.

肯定句的主语如果是第一人称,在疑问句中要改为第二人称.

Wearestudents.Areyoustudents?

Iamateacher.Areyouateacher?

Ilikemymother.

Doyoulikeyourmother?

肯定句中的“some”,在疑问句和否定句中都要改为“any”

Ihavesomemoney.

Doyouhaveanymoney.

Idon’thaveanymoney.

Therearesomebooks.

Arethereanybooks.

Therearen’tanybooks.

Icanseesomestarsinthesky.

Welikeourschool.

Wegotoschooleveryday.

Hehasanewcomputer.

Thenewbagismine.

一般现在进行时:

“be+动词ing”

1.表示该动作此时此刻正在发生,或正在进行.

WearelearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.

Heisplayingfootballontheplayground.

2.表示该动作计划好,安排好在将来发生（只有少数动词可以这样用）Theyarecomingheretomorrow.

IamleavingXiamentomorrow.

3.表示该动作在目前这段时间里频频地发生,而不是每时每刻都在发生.

Heisreviewinghislessonsthisweekforthetestsnextweek.

将来时:

在动词之前加shall（用于第一人称）,或will（用于其他人称）

IshallgotoBeijingnextweek.

WeshallgotoBeijingnextweek.

TheywillgotoBeijingnextweek.

还可以在动词前加“begoingto”表示这个动作计划好,安排好在将来发生.

Iamgoingtobuyacarnextyear.

Theyaregoingtobuyanewhousenextweek.

Heisgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.

Red,green,blue,brown,black,white,pink,purple,gray

Yellow

Tiger,lion,bear,panda,parrot,whale,cock,rooster,goat,cow,koala,deer,giraffe,penguin,dog,cat,mouse,ant,snake,pig,rabbit,

Park,garden,library,museum,palace,postoffice,bank,factory,

Ruler,eraser,knife,bottle,shoe,shirt,skirt,suit,mobilephone,picture,bike,truck,watch,necklace,ring,bowl,towel,spoon,chopsticks,mirror,sofa,bed,chair,kite,key,lock,computer,motor-bike,

Apple,orange,pear,peach,banana,watermelon,pineapple,

Speak,walk,run,swim,puton,takeoff,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof,gotobed,getup,geton,getoff,buy,sell,listento,lookat,give

art,activity,address,accident,accept,adult,advice,adjust,admire,achieve,accountant,affair,affect,afraid,Africa,again,age,agree,agriculture,airline,airport,allow,almost,alone,already,although,altogether,always,among,analyze,

ancient,application,balance,background,bank,band,basis,bath,beach,bear,beat,beauty,beef,beer,believe,bell,belongto,bend,benefit,beside,besides,between,beyond,Bible,bill,billion,biology,birthday,bite,blind,blood,boat,body,boil,bomb,bone,born,borrow,boss,bottle,bottom,bowl,brain,brave,bread,breathe,brick,bridge,bright,bring,brown,budget,build,burden,burn,bury,business,calculate,cake,calendar,calm,camera,campus,Canada,cancel,cancer,capital,captain,carbon,card,care,career,careful,careless,cash,cashier,cause,celebrate,center,century,ceremony,certainly,certificate,chain,chair,chairman,challenge,chat,cheap,cheat,check,cheer,chemistry,chicken,chief,child,childhood,chocolate,choose,choice,Christmas,church,cigarette,cinema,circle,classical,classmate,schoolmate,classroom,clean,clear,clerk,clever,climate,climb,clock,close,clothes,cloud,club,coach,coal,coast,coat,cock,coffee,coin,cold,colleague,collect,college,color,comb,combine

Habit，hobby，holiday，hospital，history，insurance，invite，

Invent，instead，island，issue，jump，join，joke，judge，

Kill，juice，labour，language，lady，leader，laugh，law，lecture，lazy，liquid，literature，lock，location，lonely，loud，machine，magazine，mail，main，mall，SM=shoppingmall，male，female，meal，mean，meat，medicine，measure，mention，memory，menu，middle，million，mind，minute，

Mistake，modern，monitor，murder，music，nature，narrow，wide，need，necessary，near，neighbor，nervous，never，next，noise，notebook，novel，number，office，often，

Online，opera，opportunity，orange，outside，overcoat，

Owe，own，page，pain，paint，pair，paper，paragraph，

Parent，part，park，parking，partner，patient，peace，pear，

Percent，perfect，perhaps，

情态动词：

may（可以，可能），can（能，会），must（必须，一定），need（必须，需要），shall（将，必须），will（将），oughtto（应该）

1．MayIuseyourruler？

Youmayusemyruler.

2．HemaybeateacherbutIamnotsure.

3．Hemaynotbeteacher.

4．Shecandancewell.Hecandrive.

5．WemustlearnEnglish.

6．Hemustbeablack.

7．Youneeddoitnow.

8．Ishallwritetoyou.

9．Heshallgethereby10:

00.

10．Theywillcomeheretomorrow.

变为否定句时,在其后面加not,变为疑问句时,将该词移至句首

MayIuseyourpen?

Yes,youmay/can

No,youcan’t

每一个动词都有3种形式,它们分别是

原形过去时过去分词

ReadreadreadAAA

ComecamecomeABA

BuyboughtboughtABB

BeginbeganbegunABC

英语动词的时态:

过去时:

表示该动词发生在过去,句子中一般有表示过去的时间.

Wewenttotheparkyesterday.

Theycametoourschoollastweek.

Didyouhearme?

过去进行时:

1.表示该动作在过去的某段时间内或某个时间点正在进行:

Wewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon.

HewaswatchingTVwhenIcalledhim.

2.可以表示该动作在过去某个时间的将来要发生（但是只限制于少数的动词）.

Hesaidyesterdaythathewascomingherenextweek.

3.可以表示该动作在过去的某段时间内频频地发生,但并不是每时每刻都在发生.

Wearereviewingourlessonsthisweekfortheexamnextweek.

Wewerereviewingourlessonslastweekfortheexamthisweek.

过去将来时:

“woulddo”

表示该动作要在过去某个时间的将来发生.

Hetoldmeyesterdaythathewouldcometoseeme.

Theysaidthattheywouldhelpuswiththework.

Hewillbuyacartomorrow.

Heisgoingtobuyacartomorrow

Hesaidlastweekthathewouldbuyacar.

Hesaidlastweekthathewasgoingtobuyacar.

现在完成时:

“have+过去分词”（中文中的“已经”,“了”,“过”,在英文中都必须用完成时来表示）.

1.表示该动作刚刚做过,并且,对目前产生一定的影响或结果.Ihaveopenedthedoor.我把门打开了.

Ihaveopenedthebook.我把书打开了.

2.表示该动作发生在过去,但是,它主要是要说明对目前产生的影响和结果.Ihaveseenthemovie.我看过这部电影.

3.表示该动作从过去的某个时间开始发生,一直延续到现在（只限制于可延续性的动词）.

IhavelivedinXiamenfor10years.我在厦门住了10年了.

WehavelearnedEnglishforonemonth.

Hehascomeintotheroomforanhour.

Hehasbeenintheroomforanhour.

Ihaveborrowedthebookforoneweek.

Ihavekeptthebookforoneweek.

Hehasboughtthebikeforoneyear.

Hehashadthebikeforoneyear.

HehasleftXiamenfor10years.

HehasbeenawayfromXiamenfor10years.

Hehashadhissupper.Hashehadhissupper?

Hehasnothadhissupper.

Breakfast,lunch,supper

Dinner

Have,eat,drink

Hehasanappleandsomewater.

Heeatsanapple.

Hedrinkssomewater.

Ieatbreakfastathome.

Havegoneto…去了某地（人目前没在说话现场）

Havebeento…去过某地（人目前已经没在那里）

Havebeenin…在某地（已有一段时间了）

HehasgonetoBeijing.

HehasbeentoBeijing.HewenttoBeijing.

HehasbeeninBeijingforoneweek.

现在完成进行时:

“have+been+doing”

表示该动作从过去某段时间开始发生,延续至今,并且还要再继续延续下去.

Ihavewaitedforthebusfortwentyminutes.Thebusiscoming.Iwillgetonthebus.Bye!

Ihavebeenwaitingforthebusfortwentyminutes,butthebushasn’tcomeyet.Ihavetogoonwaiting.

过去完成时:

“had+过去分词”

表示这个动作在过去的某个时间之前就发生过了.

Hetoldmeyesterdaythathehadseenthemovie.

TomhadlearnedChinesebeforehecametoChina.

被动语态:

“be+过去分词”

IlikeEnglish.Englishislikedbyme.

Heplaysfootball.Footballisplayedbyhim.

Theyboughtacaryesterday.Acarwasboughtbythemyesterday.

情态动词后的被动语态:

“情态动词+be+过去分词”

Theworkcanbefinishedinanhour.

Anewhospitalwillbebuiltherenextyear.

Theworkmustbedonerightaway.

正在进行时的被动语态:

“be+being+过去分词”

Thehouseisbeingbuilt.

Thestudentsarebeingpraisedbytheteacher.

Mywatchisbeingrepaired.

Carsarebeingmadeinthefactory.

完成时的被动语态:

“have+been+过去分词”

Themoviehasbeenshownmanytimes.

Manytreeshavebeenplantedthisyear.

Thee-mailhasbeensenttoTom.

Alotofnewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince2000.

Bythetime+过去时的句子或过去的时间,主句一定要用过去完成时:

BythetimeIgothome,myparentshadgonetobed.

Bythetimeoflastmonth,wehadlearned200Englishwor

ds.

Bythetime+将来的时间,主句一定用将来完成时:

Bythetimeofnextyear,wewillhavelearned800Englishwords.

ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenlateforschool.

Thisisthesecondtimethathehaseatenthefood.

ThiswasthethirdtimethatIhadmademistakes.

It+takes+某人+时间+todo…:

花某人时间做某事

Itusuallytakesmetwohourstodomyhomework.

Ittookhimanhourtocleanthehouseyesterday.

人+spend+时间+（in）doing…:

人花时间做某事

Iusuallyspendtwohoursdoingmyhomework.

Hespentanhourcleaningthehouseyesterday.

Hadbetterdo…最好做…

Youhadbettertakeoffyourshoes.

Hadbetternotdo…最好不要做…

Youhadbetternottakeoffyourshoes.

Happen（意外地）发生

Atrafficaccidenthappenedinthestreetyesterday.

Takeplace（有计划地）发生:

Theeventtookplacein1980.

Ioftenhearofher,butIneverhearher.

Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.

Therearesomebooksandapenonthedesk.

Usetodo…过去经常做…

Heusedtogetuplatebutnowheisusedtogettingupearly.

Beusedtodoing…习惯于做…

Usedtobe:

过去是（但是,现在已经不是）

Heusedtobeateacher.Sheusedtobeshy.

“疑问词+ever”不管…,无论…,=“nomatter+疑问词”

Whoever=nomatterwho

Whatever=nomatterwhat

Whenever

Wherever

However

Whichever

两个句子不可能都是进行时,除了这两个句子是由