高考英语 阅读理解巩固练习15.docx

高考英语 阅读理解巩固练习15.docx

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高考英语阅读理解巩固练习15

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（15）及答案

阅读理解

Atthemiddleschoollevel,therearemanyacademicclubsinwhichstudentscanin.studentscanchooseclubsthatfocusonanareaofinterest.

MathcountsClub

Mathcountstriestoincreaseexcitementtowardsmathematicachievement.Ithopestoprovidestudentswiththefoundationforsuccessinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.Schoolsselectindividualsandteamstoparticipateincompetitions.LocalcompetitionsareheldinFebruarywithwinnersprogressingtostatecompetitionsandthenontothenationallevel.Mathcountsworkstochallengestudentmathskills,developself-confidenceandgiverewardsfortheirachievements.

Envirothon

TheEnvirothonprogramfocusesonnaturalresourcesknowledgeandexposesstudentstodiverseenvironmentalissues,andecosystems（生态学）.Theecologyfieldcompetitionforfive-membermiddleschoolteamsofferscompetitionsinwildlife,soils,forestry,currentenvironmentalissuesandaquatics.Studentsworkandlearninmiddleschoolclubsandcancompeteatthelocalandstatelevel.

FutureProblemSolvers

FutureProblemSolversisanacademicclubthatusesasix-stepprocesstosolveproblemsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Studentswhoareinthetalentedandgiftedprogram,wholiketo“thinkoutofthebox,”orwhoenjoythinkingaboutfuturisticproblemsmaylikethisclub.Teamscomprisedoffourstudentsreadfuturescenesandwriteupsolutionsinabookletusingthesix-stepprocess.Teamsthatscorehighenoughcangotothestatecompetitionandthentotheinternationalcompetition.

BuildersClub

BuildersClubisopentoanymiddleschoolstudentwhowishestoperformcommunityservice.EachBuildersClubisco-sponsoredby（共同捐助）aKiwanisclubandthemiddleschool.Thememberslearnbydoing,andtheylearnorganization,teamwork,andleadership.BuildersClubscansponsora"TeacheroftheYear"program,providearecyclingcollectionpoint,organizecannedfoodandclothingdrivestosupportlocalshelters,adopt（领养）aresidentatalocalseniorcitizenshome,adoptahighway,tutor,etc.

Middleschoolacademicclubsofferstudentsaplacetoexploreinterestsortalents.Theclubstheyjoininmiddleschoolcanhelpguidechoicesinhighschoolandbeyond.

5．StudentschooseMathcountsClubinorderto.

A．besuccessfulinsciencecareers.

B．enjoysolvingfutureproblems.

C．performcommunityservice.

D．studywildlifeandsoils.

6．Ifyouenjoythinkingaboutfuturisticproblems,isagoodchoiceforyou.

A．MathecountsClubB．BuildresClub

C．FutureProblemSolversD．Envirothon

7．Thestudentswhoarenotinterestedincompetitionswouldliketochoose.

A．MathecountsClubB．BuildresClub

C．FutureProblemSolversD．Envirothon

8．Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourclubs?

A．Competitions.B．Leadership.

C．Scientificresearches.D．Teamwork.

5—8、ACBD

C8[2013·湖北卷]E

AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.

Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40，000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.

Surveyrespondents（受访者）wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.

Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults（age18to39）routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle－agedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio（比率）ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.

“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade，”wroteFriederR．Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen－Nuremberg.

Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.

“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions（预防措施），”theauthorswrote.

Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.

Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.

However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic，”theauthorsconcluded.

67．Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?

A．Optimisticadults.

B．Middle－agedadults.

C．Adultsinpoorhealth.

D．Adultsoflowerincome.

68．Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople________．

A．tofullyenjoytheirpresentlife

B．toestimatetheircontributionaccurately

C．totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks

D．tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth

69．Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?

A．Theywillearnlessmoney.

B．Theywillbecomepessimistic.

C．Theywillsuffermentalillness.

D．Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.

70．Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?

A．Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.

B．Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.

C．Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.

D．Expectationsoffuturelifesatisfactiondeclinewithage.

【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。

在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。

随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。

67．B　细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“…whilemiddle－agedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。

故B正确。

68．C　细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“…peoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractions…”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。

句中的bemorecarefulabout与takemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks一致。

故C正确。

69．A　细节理解题。

根据第八段中的“…respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。

故A正确。

70．D　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：

从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。

故D正确。

Areyouoneofthosewhoalwaysfearwheneveradogisapproaching?

Ifyouare,youhavegotphobia（averystrongfeelingofbeingafraidofsomething）.Ofallhumanfears,phobiasmaybethemostuncontrollable.Theyaremostoftencausedbyaparticularsituationorobject.Ingeneral,phobiascanmainlybedividedintothreevarieties.Tobeginwith,agoraphobiaisafearofstayinginstrangesurroundings,forexample,anunfamiliarplace,oranopenarea．Socialphobiareferstotheanxietypeopleshowwhentheyhavetostayorperformonsocialevents,forinstance,speakinginfrontoftheclass.Lastly,thereareawiderangeofspecificphobias.Peoplesufferingfromthiskindofphobiaareterrifiedofspecificobjectsorcreatures.suchasspiders,perhapstoyoursurprise,clowns.Besides,thereareaboutsixhundredandfiftyphobiashavingbeenlistedbypsychologists（心理学家）asyet.

Facedwiththeirphobias,manypeoplechoosetodonothingbutjustescapethesituationsorobjectstheyfear.Psychologists,however,warnthatifnottreatedproperly,thiskindofanxietywillgetworse,sothatitmaydisturbthesleeppattern,causephysicalsymptoms,andfinallyaffecttheirdailyactivities.Asfortreatment,clinicalresearchhasdiscoveredthatmedicineforanxietyisnotsuccessfulincuringphobias.However.theanxietydisorderscanbeefficientlytreatedthroughcognitivebehavioraltherapy（认知行为疗法）,throughwhichpatientsareledtoinspecttheconnectionsbetweentheirownfearundthesituationorobject,andthenactivelychoosetheacceptabletreatments.Also,othertreatmentsprovedeffectiveinreducingphobiasareMeditation（quietthoughtthatcanhelppeoplerelax）,listeningtocalmingmusic,andsoon.

5．Phobiasaremainlycausedby.

A．anxietyB．animalattacks

C．terribledreamsandimaginationD．acertainsituationorthing

6．WhichdopsychologistsNOTuseforeffectivetreatmentofphobias?

A．Totakemedicineforanxiety

B．Tolistentocomfortinglightmusic

C．Toloseoneselfinapeacefulenvironment

D．Tounderstandtheverysourceofone'sownanxiety

7．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutphobiasisCORRECT?

A．Actorscallhelppeopletocuretheirphobias.

B．Phobiascanbedividedintosixhundredandfiftytypes.

C．Thosesufferingfromphobiasmaynotsleepwellorworknormally.

D．Cognitivebehavioraltherapydemandslittleparticipationfrompatients.

8．Whatdothosewithagoraphobiafeelterrifiedandanxiousabout?

A．Stayingonasquare.

B．Touchinginsects,likespiders.

C．Beingharmedbyvirus.

D．Givingaspeechinpresenceofmanypeople.

参考答案---5—8、DACA

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