大学英语四级名校国防科技大学密卷13.docx

大学英语四级名校国防科技大学密卷13.docx

《大学英语四级名校国防科技大学密卷13.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语四级名校国防科技大学密卷13.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

大学英语四级名校国防科技大学密卷13

大学英语四级名校（国防科技大学）密卷（13）

PartⅡ

ReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,theywillcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencandoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsiststhat“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodotheimpossible.”

Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsopublicactivity:

Itcanbeseenandobserved.

Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoesnotmakesenseoftheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.

Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedonethroughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthequestforknowledge.Smithhasoneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningtoreadeasily,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren.”

Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothiseliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventheopportunitytosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbyreading.

21.Theproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagr

aphisthat____.

A）itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcourses

B）studentsspendendlesshoursinreading

C）readingtasksareassignedwithlittleguidance

D）toomuchtimeisspentinteachingofreading

22.Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif____.

A）teacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudents

B）teacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreading

C）teacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreading

D）teacherscanmaketheirteachingactivitiesobservably

23.Theword“scrutiny”（Para.3）mostprobablymeans____.

A）inquiryB）observation

C）controlD）suspicion

24.Accordingtothepassage,learningtoreadwillnolongerbeadifficulttaskwhen____.

A）childrenbecomehighlymotivated

B）teacherandlearnerrolesareinterchangeable

C）teachinghelpschildreninthesearchforknowledge

D）readingenricheschildren’sexperience

25.Themainideaofthepassageisthat____.

A）teachersshoulddoaslittleaspossibleinhelpingstudentslearntoread

B）teachersshouldencouragestudentstoreadaswidelyaspossible

C）readingabilityissomethingacquiredratherthantaught

D）readingismorecomplicatedthangenerallybelieved

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Diseasecanbeoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsincheckingpopulationgrowth.

Incrowdedconditionswheremanyindividualsofaspeciesarelivingclosetogether,thespreadofpathogens（病原体）fromoneindividualtoanother,occursreadily.Historyshowsmanyinstanceswherehumanpopulations,crowdedtogetherincities,havebeenalmostwipedoutbytherapidspreadofdisease.Modernorchardandforestrypracticerecognizesthisfactandthecloseplantingoftreesofthesamespeciesisavoided.Mixedforestsandorchardsaretherecognizedprocedurethesedays.

Apartfromregulatingpopulationnumbersinotherspecies,diseasehasprobablybeenthegreatestfactorincontrollingthegrowthofthehumanpopulation.

Inthemid-14thcentury,theBlackDeathwipedout25millionpeopleinEuropealone,whileasrecentlyas1918over21millionpeoplediedinasingleyearasaresultoftheinfluenzaepidemic.Therelativestabilityofthehumanpopulationhasbeenupsetbyadvancesinmedicalscience.Nolongerdoesdiseaseregulatehumanpopulationgrowthinmanypartsoftheworld.Medicalcureshaveprolongedlifeandupsettheagestructureofmanypopulations,increasingtheproportionofindividualsinthereproductiveagegroup.

Thedecreaseindistributionandnumbersofsomespeciesofnativebirdsin

NewZealand-thebellbirdforexample-hasbeenattributedtodiseaseratherthanpredation.Indeed,thereareexamplestoshowthatdiseasehasdeliberatelybeenusedtocontrolsomeanimalpopulations.InAustralia,forinstance,theintroductionofthemyxomatosis（多发粘液瘤病）virushasdrasticallyreducedtherabbitpopulationinmanyareas,althoughincreasingresistancetothediseaseisbecomingapparent.AttemptstointroducemyxomatosisintoNewZealandasameansofrabbitpopulationcontrolhavefailed,mainlybecausethespeciesoffleaandmosquitothattransmitthediseaseareabsentinthiscountry.

Researchiscurrentlybeingcarriedouttodiscoverwhetherselectedstrainsofviruscanbeusedtocontrolpathogenicbacteriathathavedevelopedaresistancetodrugs.Itishopedthattheviruswillparasite（寄生于）andkillthebacteriawithoutharmingtheorganismthatthebacteriahasinfected.

26.Whyisthecloseplantingoftreesofthesamespeciesavoidedinmodernorchardsandforests?

A）Becausemixedforestsandorchardsaretherecognizedproceduresthesedays.

B）Becausetreesofsamespeciesmaycausethespreadofdisease.

C）Becausemodernorchardsandforestsaremorespecialized.

D）Becausetreesplantedcrowdedlydonothaveenoughroomtodeveloptheirroots.

27.Therelativestabilityofthehumanpopulationhasbeenupsetby____.

A）theproportionofthereproductiveagegroup

B）theinfluenzaepidemic

C）advancesinmedicalscience

D）theBlackDeathinEurope

28.ThenumberofthebellbirdinNewZealandgotcontrolledby____.

A）thedecreaseindistribution

B）humanpredation

C）deliberateintroductionofitsenemyanimal

D）spreadofcertainkindofdisease

29.AttemptstointroducemyxomatosisintoNewZealandtocontrolrabbitpopulationhavefailed,mainlybecause____.

A）increasingresistancetothediseaseisbecomingapparent

B）therearenospeciesofinsectstransmittingthediseaseinthiscountry

C）fleaandmosquitowithoutthediseaseareabsentinthiscountry

D）themyxomatosisvirushasbeenintroducedintoAustralia

30.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A）Advancesinmedicalsciencemadediseaseunabletoregulatehumanpopulatio

ngrowthanylongerinmanypartsoftheworld.

B）Medicalcureshaveprolongedlifebutupsetthereproductiveagegroupbyi

ncreasingmanypopulations.

C）InAustralia,theuseofthemyxomatosisvirushardlycontrolledtherabbit

populationwithincreasingresistancetothedisease.

D）Itisdiscoveredallstrainsofviruscanparasitizeandkillthebacteriaw

ithoutharmingtheorganismthatthebacteriahasinfected.

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecauseeverythingseemstobethesame.Andalthoughconditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmore

readilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthelessbasicandlessemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposite;inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthe

complexones;informratherthaninsubstance;andinelementsthatareaccept

abletothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithviolentchanges.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.

31.Thefollowingfactorstendtopromotesocialchangeexcept____.

A）differentkindsofpeople

B）differentpointsofview

C）differentinterests

D）differentconditions

32.Theexpression“greatertolerance”（Line8,Para.1）refersto“____”.

A）morerespectfordifferentbeliefsandbehaviors

B）quickeradaptationtochangingcircumstances

C）greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchange

D）greaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas

33.Accordingtothepas