高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练必修5.docx
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高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练必修5
核心词汇梳理并重点训练
必修5
Unit1Greatscientists
conclude,defeat,expose,cure,blame,contribute,putforward,apartfrom,makesense,everytime
1.concludevt.&vi.断定；使结束；达成，缔结
sth（fromsth）
conclude推断出，断定
（fromsth）that…
withsth
concludesth以…结束
bydoingsth
concludesthwithsb就某事与某人达成协议
conclusionn.结束，结论
inconclusion最后，总之
arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论
cometotheconclusionthat…所得结论是…
eg:
Thesearefacts;whatdoyouconcludefromthem?
Letmeconcludemyspeechwithasaying:
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成
BritainconcludedatradeagreementwithChina.
Icametotheconclusionthathewaslying.
2.defeatvt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败
辨析defeat/beat/win：
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
defeat和beat都可接sb作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如ateam，aclass，aschool，anarmy等。
另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。
win后接sth，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb时表示“争取某人”。
eg:
ZhangYiningdefeatedLiJiaweiwithdifficultyinthe29thOlympics.
TheproblemhasdefeatedmeandIcan’tsolveit.
Thepartyfacesdefeatintheelection.
3.exposevt.暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临
exposesth/sb/oneself（to…）显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己
exposedadj.（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
beexposedto暴露于…
eg:
Don’texposeyourbabytothesun.
Theliquidisnottobeexposedtoair,foritwillsoonevaporate.
Thefilmhasbeenexposed.
Wewanttoexposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.
4.curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗
acureforsth治疗…的方法
curesbof+疾病名称治愈某人的疾病
curesbof+不良行为矫正某人的不良行为
与curesbofsth结构类似的短语还有：
remindsbofsth使某人想起某事
suspectsbofsth怀疑某人（做）某事
robsbofsth抢了某人某物
informsbofsth通知某人某事
warnsbofsth警告某人某事
accusesbofsth控告某人某事
eg:
Thereisnocureforthecommoncoldatpresent.
Canyoucuremeofmycold?
Thatnastyshockcuredhimofhisinquisitivenessforever.
辨析treat/cure：
treat表示治疗过程，不表示结果。
cure强调结果，意为“治疗，治愈”，常与of连用。
5.blamevt.责备；谴责；把…归咎于
n.过失；责备
blamesbforsth因某事而责备某人
blamesthonsb把某事怪到某人头上
betoblame应受责备
get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor…对…负责
lay/puttheblameforsthonsb把某事归咎于某人身上
eg:
Sheblamedhimforthefailureoftheirmarriage.
Don’tgotryingtoblameitonme!
Ifanyoneistoblame,it’sme.
Shetooktheblameonherself.
6.contributevt.&vi.捐款；贡献；捐助
contribute…to…把…贡献给…
contributeto…导致…；向…投稿；有助于…
contributionn.贡献；捐款；稿件
makeacontributionto…对…作出贡献
eg:
AllthepeopleinourschoolcontributedsomethingtothedisasterinSichuan.
Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.
Shecontributesregularlytoaphysicsjournal.
7.putforward提出，建议；推荐；将…提前
putaside节省，储蓄，储存
putaway放好，积蓄
putback放回，拨回
putdown记下，镇压
putin放入，加进
putoff延期，推迟
puton穿上，演出
putout熄灭，扑灭
putthrough接通电话
putup举起，张贴，公布，挂起，建造
eg:
Sheputforwardsomegoodproposalsforeducationalreform.
Hernamewasputforwardasthebestforthejob.
Puttheclockforwardby5minutes.
8.apartfrom除…之外；此外
除…之外（都）（=except/exceptfor）
除…之外（还）；此外（=besides）
与apart相关的词组：
take…apart将…拆开
tellAandBapart分辨出A与B
eg:
Thisessayisgoodapartfromacoupleofspellingmistakes.
Apartfromtheoccasionalvisit,whatdoesAlandoforhiskids?
IoftentooksomeoldtoycarsapartwhenIwasachild.
9.makesense
makesenseof理解，明白
makenosense没道理，没意义
thereisnosenseindoingsth做…没道理
inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说
innosense决不
eg:
Canyoumakeanysenseofthearticleatall?
Itmakesgoodsensetogrowfruittreesonthehillside.
Inasense,learningthelawislikelearningalanguage.
Innosensecantheissuebesaidtoberesolved.
10.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
everytime引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每当…”
名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：
everytime,eachtime,anytime,thelasttime,nexttime,thefirsttime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,thehour,theday等。
引导状语从句的副词有：
directly,instantly,immediately等。
eg:
EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepainsinmyback.
ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltverynervous.
Sheletoutacrythemomentshesawthesnake.
Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.
练习：
1.Oncethepricehadbeenagreed,adeal.
（很快就达成协议）。
2.ThePrimeMinisterbysayingthathewassatisfiedwithhisvisitinChina.
A.concludedB.conducted
C.convincedD.converted
3.Evidenceobtainedfromobservationandexperimentisoftenusedtoascientifictheory.
A.confirmB.concludeC.consultD.confuse
用defeat,beat与win的适当形式填空
4.Heallhisopponentsintheelection.
5.Marythefirstprizeforswimming.
6.ThemoreoneistheEnglish-speakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.
A.exposedtoB.filledin
C.caughtonD.keptup
7.Theyhavediscoveredanewforthedisease.
A.treatmentB.cureC.wayD.method
8.Thecarelessdriverisforthetrafficaccidentthatyesterday.
A.toblame;happenedB.toblame;washappening
C.tobeblamed;washappened
D.tobeblamed;happed
9.I’msureyoursuggestionwillsolvingtheproblem.
A.contributeB.devoteto
C.leadtoD.attributeto
10.TheStateCouncilhasaneweconomicpolicyonthebenefitsofthefarmers.
A.putupB.putforward
C.putoffD.putout
11.hisnose,he’squitegood-looking.
A.BesidesB.Apartfrom
C.ExceptthatD.Nowthat
12.Itdoesn’tmaketobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.
A.senseB.opinionC.useD.difference
13.Don’tstopyoumeetwithawordyoudon’tunderstand.
A.atthetimeB.eachtime
C.bythetimeD.sometimes
14.youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage,youshowyourskillstoothers.
A.AttimesB.Sometime
C.EverytimeD.Thetime
Unit2TheUnitedKingdom
convenience,attract,arrange,delight,thrill,consistof,leaveout,breakdown,do/does/did+动词原形
1.conveniencen.便利；便利的事物或设施
forconvenience为了方便起见
atone’sconvenience在…方便的时候
convenientadj.方便的，便利的
beconvenientfor对…是方便的
eg:
Pleasesendmeanansweratyourconvenience.
Isthiseveningconvenientforyoutogoout?
Weboughtthishouseforconvenience;it’sneartheschool.
注：
convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语。
convenient不和“ofsb+不定式”连用，但可与“forsb+不定式”连用。
作表语时后接不定式的主动形式。
2.attractvt.吸引；引起注意
attractone’sattention吸引某人的注意
attractsbto…把某人吸引到…
attractionn.
havean/no/alittle/muchattractionforsb
对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力
attractiveadj.有吸引力的；引起兴趣的
eg:
Thestoryhasattractedalotofinterestinthemedia.
Whatattractedmemosttothejobwasthechancetotravel.
Thetelevisionhaslittleattractionforme.
3.arrangev.筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列
arrangesth整理，排列；安排，筹备
arrangetodosth安排做某事
arrangesthforsb为某人安排某事
arrangeforsbtodosth安排某人做某事
arrange（withsb）todosth（与某人）约定干某事
arrangethat…商定…；安排…
arrangementn.安排，筹备
makearrangementsfor安排好
eg:
I’vearrangedforthewindowcleanertocomeonThursday.
HaveyouarrangedtomeetMarkthisweekend?
ThelocalnewspapermadearrangementsforaninterviewwithProfessorStein.
注：
表示“安排某人做某事”用arrangeforsbtodosth，而不用arrangesbtodosth。
makearrangements（forsth/forsbtodosth）中的arrangement常用复数形式。
4.delightn.快乐，高兴，喜悦
vt.&vi.（使）高兴，（使）欣喜
delightin（doing）sth以某事为乐（尤指不该做的事）
toone’sdelight令某人高兴的是
take/find/havedelightin喜好；以…为乐
with/indelight高兴地
It’sadelighttodosth做某事是令人愉快的
delightedadj.高兴的，快乐的
bedelightedat为…而高兴
bedelightedtodosth/that
delightfuladj.令人快乐的
eg:
Chrisdelightsinteasinghissister.
Muchtoourdelight,everythinggoeswell.
Thanksfortheinvitation.I’dbedelightedtocome.
Mybrotherisadelightfulyoungman.
5.thrillvt.使激动；使胆战心惊
n.兴奋；紧张
givesbathrilltodosth/ofdoingsth
做某事让某人感到激动
thrilledadj.兴奋的；激动的
bethrilledat/about/withsth对…感到兴奋
thrillingadj.令人感到兴奋的
eg:
Thefilmthrilledtheaudience.
ItwasarealthrilltomeetYaoMing.
Hewasthrilledatthesightofher.
IhadathrillingexperienceonthelakelastSunday.
6.consistof由…组成
consistof一般不用于进行时和被动语态
consistin（=liein）在于，存在于
consistentadj.相容的，一致的
beconsistentwith…和…一致；相符
bemadeupof
由……组成
becomposedof
makeup组成
eg:
Theworldconsistsofsevencontinents.
Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.
Weshoulddothis:
whatwesayisconsistentwithwhatwedo.言行一致
7.leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑
leavealone不管，让…独自呆着；不打扰
leaveaside搁置
leavebehind忘带，留下
leavefor动身到（某处）
leaveoff停止，中断
eg:
Youcanleaveoutthedetails,justgiveusthemainfacts.
I’vetoldyoubefore—leavemythingsalone!
Thelightsofthecityweresoonleftbehind.
Heleftoffplayingthepianotoanswerthetelephone.
8.breakdown（机器）出故障；破坏；（计划、谈判）失败；（化学）分解；（身体）垮掉
breakin破门而入；打断
breakinto闯入；突然…起来（后接tears，laughter等）
breakout（战争）爆发；（火灾）发生
breakoff折断；突然停止讲话；休息；结束
breakthrough突围；突破；冲垮；克服
breakup拆开，结束；解散
breakaway（from）挣脱；脱离
eg:
Theelevatorsinthebuildingarealwaysbreakingdown.
Peacetalkshavebrokendownoverthequestionofreparations.
Shebrokeawayfromhimandrantothewindow.
9.Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas（eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations）,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.
“do/does/did+动词原形”用于肯定陈述句中，加强语气。
eg:
Docomethisevening.
Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.
Tomdoesstudyhardnow.
注：
这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
只对肯定句的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。
do/does/did在句中要重读。
在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时也表达更加客气的语气。
练习：
1.Iwillcometopayavisittoyouifthisweekend.
A.you’reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyou
C.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou
2.ThefilmnamedCrazyStonehasalotofforyoungpeople.
A.attractionsB.attractionC.interestD.attack
3.Ourheadmasterformetoshowthevisitor
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