21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册.docx

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册.docx

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21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit6

Unit6

TextA

Pre-readingActivities

FirstListening

Beforelisteningtothetape,haveaquicklookatthefollowingwords.

sock

短袜

EQ

情商

empathy

同情

SecondListening

Listentothetapeagain.Theychoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.

1.ThelisteningpassagesaysthatEinsteinwasageniusintermsof_______.

A）EmotionalIntelligenceor"EQ"

B）IntellectualIntelligenceor"IQ"

C）bothEQandIQ

D）neitherEQnorIQ

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofEmotionalIntelligence

A）Understandingyourownfeelings.

B）Understandingthefeelingsofothers.

C）Beingabletohandleemotionseffectively.

D）Beingsmarterthanothersinyourclass.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenEQandIQ

A）Peopletendtohavemoreofonethantheother.

B）Peopletendtohavethesameamountofeach.

C）Theyworktogethertomakeyousuccessful.

D）Theydependonsuchfactorsassocialclassandhowluckyyouare.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage

A）Tointroduceanewconcept,EQ,andexplainitssignificance.

B）ToexplainwhyEQismoreimportantinlifethanIQ.

C）Todiscussdifferentdefinitionsofsuccess.

D）Tocriticizetraditionalnotionsofintelligence.

TheEQFactor

NancyGibbs

Itturnsoutthatascientistcanseethefuturebywatchingfour-year-oldsinteractwithamarshmallow.Theresearcherinvitesthechildren,onebyone,intoaplainroomandbeginsthegentletorment.Youcanhavethismarshmallowrightnow,hesays.ButifyouwaitwhileIrunanerrand,youcanhavetwomarshmallowswhenIgetback.Andthenheleaves.

Somechildrengrabforthetreattheminutehe'soutthedoor.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowait.Theycovertheireyes;theyputtheirheadsdown;theysingtothemselves;theytrytoplaygamesorevenfallasleep.Whentheresearcherreturns,hegivesthesechildrentheirhard-earnedmarshmallows.Andthen,sciencewaitsforthemtogrowup.

Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschool,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyofthechildren'sparentsandteachersfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutforthesecondmarshmallowgenerallygrewuptobebetteradjusted,morepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependableteenagers.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptationearlyonweremorelikelytobelonely,easilyfrustratedandstubborn.Theycouldnotendurestressandshiedawayfromchallenges.AndwhensomeofthestudentsinthetwogroupstooktheScholasticAptitudeTest,thekidswhohadheldoutlongerscoredanaverageof210pointshigher.

WhenwethinkofbrillianceweseeEinstein,deep-eyed,woollyhaired,athinkingmachinewithskinandmismatchedsocks.Highachievers,weimagine,werewiredforgreatnessfrombirth.Butthenyouhavetowonderwhy,overtime,naturaltalentseemstoigniteinsomepeopleanddiminothers.Thisiswherethemarshmallowscomein.Itseemsthattheabilitytodelaygratificationisamasterskill,atriumphofthereasoningbrainovertheimpulsiveone.Itisasign,inshort,ofemotionalintelligence.Anditdoesn'tshowuponanIQtest.

Formostofthiscentury,scientistshaveworshippedthehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemind;themessypowersoftheheartwerelefttothepoets.Butcognitivetheorycouldsimplynotexplainthequestionswewonderaboutmost:

whysomepeoplejustseemtohaveagiftforlivingwell;whythesmartestkidintheclasswillprobablynotenduptherichest;whywelikesomepeoplevirtuallyonsightanddistrustothers;whysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresilientsoul.Whatqualitiesofthemindorspirit,inshort,determinewhosucceeds

Thephrase"emotionalintelligence"wascoinedbyYalepsychologistPeterSaloveyandtheUniversityofNewHampshire'sJohnMayerfiveyearsagotodescribequalitieslikeunderstandingone'sownfeelings,empathyforthefeelingsofothersand"theregulationofemotioninawaythatenhancesliving."Theirnotionisabouttoboundintothenationalconversation,handilyshortenedtoEQ,thankstoanewbook,EmotionalIntelligencebyDanielGoleman.Goleman,aHarvardpsychology.andaNewYorkTimessciencewriterwithagiftformakingeventhemostdifficultscientifictheoriesdigestibletolayreaders,hasbroughttogetheradecade'sworthofbehavioralresearchintohowthemindprocessesfeelings.Hisgoal,heannouncesonthecover,istoredefinewhatitmeanstobesmart.Histhesis:

whenitcomestopredictingpeople'ssuccess,brainpowerasmeasuredbyIQandstandardizedachievementtestsmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character"beforethewordbegantosoundold-fashioned.

Atfirstglance,therewouldseemtobelittlethat'snewheretoanyclosereaderoffortunecookies.Theremaybenolessoriginalideathanthenotionthatourheartsholddominionoverourheads."Iwassoangry,"wesay,"Icouldn'tthinkstraight."Neitherisitsurprisingthat"peopleskills"areuseful,whichamountstosaying,it'sgoodtobenice."It'ssotrueit'strivial,"saysDr.PaulMcHugh,directorofpsychiatryatJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Butifitwerethatsimple,thebookwouldnotbequitesointerestingoritsimplicationssocontroversial.

Thisisnoabstractinvestigation.Golemanislookingforantidotestorestore"civilitytoourstreetsandcaringtoourcommunallife."Heseespracticalapplicationseverywhereforhowcompaniesshoulddecidewhomtohire,howcouplescanincreasetheoddsthattheirmarriageswilllast,howparentsshouldraisetheirchildrenandhowschoolsshouldteachthem.Whenstreetgangssubstituteforfamiliesandschoolyardinsultsendinstabbings,whenmorethanhalfofmarriagesendindivorce,whenthemajorityofthechildrenmurderedinthiscountryarekilledbyparentsandstepparents,manyofwhomsaytheyweretryingtodisciplinethechildforbehaviorlikeblockingtheTVorcryingtoomuch,itsuggestsademandforremedialemotionaleducation.

Anditisheretheargumentswillbreakout.Goleman'shighlypopularizedconclusions,saysMcHugh,"willchillanyveteranscholarofpsychotherapyandanyneuroscientistwhoworriesabouthowhisresearchmaycometobeapplied."Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,theyfearthatanotionashandyasEQinvitesmisuse.Golemanadmitsthedangerofsuggestingthatyoucanassignanumericalvaluetoaperson'scharacteraswellashisintellect;GolemanneverevenusesthephraseEQinhisbook.Buthedidsomewhatreluctantlyapprovean"unscientific"EQtestinUSATodaywithchoiceslike"IamawareofevensubtlefeelingsasIhavethem,"and"Icansensethepulseofagrouporrelationshipandstateunspokenfeelings."

"Youdon'twanttotakeanaverageofyouremotionalskill,"arguesHarvardpsychologyprofessorJeromeKagan,apioneerinchild-developmentresearch."That'swhat'swrongwiththeconceptofintelligenceformentalskillstoo.Somepeoplehandleangerwellbutcan'thandlefear.Somepeoplecan'ttakejoy.Soeachemotionhastobevieweddifferently."EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Somepeopleareblessedwithalotofboth,somewithlittleofeither.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother;howone'sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredientsforsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQcountsforabout20%;therestdependsoneverythingfromclasstolucktotheneuralpathwaysthathavedevelopedinthebrainovermillionsofyearsofhumanevolution.

（1047words）

NewWords

EQ

（abbr.）emotionalquotient情商

interact

vi.（with）actorhaveaneffectoneachother相互作用；相互影响

marshmallow

n.softsweetmadefromsugarandgelatine果汁软糖

torment

n.severephysicalormentalsuffering（肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦

vt.causeseveresufferingto折磨；使痛苦

errand

n.smalljobthatrequiresashortjourney,usu.forsb.else（短程的）差事，差使

hard-earned

a.gainedwithgreatdifficultyoreffort辛苦挣来的

survey

n.investigation调查

adventurous

a.eagerfororfondofadventure渴望冒险的，喜欢冒险的

dependable

a.thatmaybedependedon可信赖的，可靠的

scholastic

a.ofschoolsandeducation学校的；的；学业的

aptitude

n.naturalabilityorskill天生的才能或技巧；天资

brilliance

n.thequalityofbeingbrilliant光辉，辉煌；壮丽；（卓越的）才华，才智

woolly

a.羊毛（制）的；产羊毛的；像羊毛的

mismatch

vt.match（peopleorthings）wronglyorunsuitably使错配，配合不当

sock

n.shortstockingcoveringtheankleandlowerpartoftheleg短袜

ignite

v.（causeto）catchfire,burn（使）着火，燃烧；发光

dim

v.（causeto）becomedim（使）变暗淡；（使）变模糊；（使）失去光泽

impulsive

a.（ofpeopleandtheirbehavior）markedbysuddenactionthatisundertakenwithoutcarefulthought（指人或人的行为）凭冲动的；易冲动的

messy

a.inastateofdisorder;dirty:

causingdirtordisorder凌乱的；脏的；搞乱的；搞脏的

upbeat

a.optimisticorcheerful乐观的；快乐的

resilient

a.1.有弹性的，有回弹力的；能复原的

2.有复原力的；富有活力的；适应性强的

empathy

n.abilitytoimagineandshareanotherperson'sfeelings,experience,etc.同情；同感；共鸣

handily

ad.灵巧地，熟练地；轻易地；近便地

digesti

ble

a.thatcanbedigested;relativelyeasytounderstand可消化的；可吸收的；较易理解的

behavioral

a.ofbehavior行为的

thesis

n.1.statementortheoryputforwardandsupportedbyargument论题，命题；论点

2.longwrittenessaysubmittedbyacandidateforauniversitydegree;dissertation毕业论文；学位

standardize

vt.make（sth.）conformtoafixedstandard,shape,quality,type,etc.使（某事物）标准化；使合乎标准（或规格）

fortune

n.1.largeamountofmoney;wealth大笔的钱；财

2.chance;luck机会；运