仁爱英语八年级上册Unit 4 知识要点.docx
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仁爱英语八年级上册Unit4知识要点
仁爱英语八年级(上)Unit4知识要点
八年级上册Unit4topic1
SectionA
1. 名词复数特殊的几种:
(1)单复数同形的名词有:
fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊, Chinese中国人;Japanese
(2)不规则变化:
child---children;foot---feet,tooth---teeth牙齿;goose---geese 鹅mouse---mice老鼠; man---men; woman---women
注意:
与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如:
anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen. 但German(德国人)不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;
(3)只有复数形式的名词:
trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,
2. 形容词和副词的比较级前可用much,alittle,even,far 来修饰,但不能用more,very。
如:
much/farmorebeautiful; alittletaller.
3. 复习比较级和最高级(见语法表)
SectionB
1.Theygiveusjoy. 它们给我们快乐。
giveusjoy=giveushappiness/pleasure (joy=happiness=pleasure 表快乐,都是名词 )
2.We share theworld with them.
sharesth.withsb. 与某人分享某物,如:
Iwanttosharemyhappinesswithyou.
3.Insects feedon plants.
①feedon 以… 为食;Tigersfeedonmeat.
②liveon 以食… 为生:
Weliveonrive
③feed 喂:
Myjobistofeedanimals.
SectionC
1.Rainforests cover 6%oftheearth’ssurface.
(1)cover 覆盖;
(2)cover…with…, 用…覆盖…,如:
Hecoveredhisfacewithanewspaper.
(3)becoveredwith… 被…覆盖:
Thelandiscoveredwithsnow.
2. Thousandsandthousandsof animalsliveinrainforests.
thousandsof 成千上万的… thousandsandthousandsof 千千万万的(比前者更多)
3.Theyalsohelpto controltheclimate.
controltheclimate 控制气候
4.Theycan’tlive without water.
Without没有,是介词,后不能接句子,只接名词,动名词或代词。
如:
Iwon’tbehappywithouther.
5.Infact,water makesup thelargestpartofthehumanbody.
makeup 组成,bemadeupof 由… 组成, 如:
Ourteamismadeupof11players.
比较:
bemadeof(from)由…制成
6.Wemust save every drop ofwater.
save
(1) 节约 savemoney
(2) 救 saveone’slife 救某人的命
drop
(1) 动词,掉 Abottledroppedontothefloor.
(2) 名词,滴 adropofwater.
7.Withoutwater,therecouldbenolifeonearth.
onearth
(1)=intheworld 在世界上
(2)用于疑问词或否定词后,表“究竟,到底”,如:
Whatonearthdidyoudothatfor?
SectionD
1.Theyaretheoldesttypeoftigers livingintheworld.
livingintheworld(正生活在世界上的)现在分词短语可放所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句 (thatare)livingintheworld.
2.They areindanger now.
be+in+名词,用来表示“处于…之中”如:
beindanger,beintrouble,beinhealth.
3. Theplants inPictureOnearemorebeautifulthan those inPictureTwo.
those 在此指代“theplants”。
包含比较级的句子必须是同类事物才能比较,为了避免重复,用that(代单数名词)或 those(代复数名词) 代替前面出现的词或短语:
TheclimateofKunmingisbetterthanBeijing.(改错,天气不能和北京比)→TheclimateofKunmingisbetterthanthatofBeijing.(that=theclimate)
4. 题Suzhouis mostbeautifultouristcityandIbelieveI’llcomefor secondtime.
A.the,a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;the
解析:
形容词的最高级前面要加the, 序数词前一般也加the, 表“第几”,如:
thefirstlesson.
但序数词前也可用a, 表“再第几次”,如:
Hehadtriedforsixtimes,buthefailed,thenhetriedaseventhtime.(他再试了第七次), 故答案为:
A
八年级上册Unit4topic2
SectionA
1.Whendidscientist invent thefirstrobot?
invent(动词)发明;inventor(名词)发明家;invention(名词)发明 如:
Edisonwasagreatinventor.Heinventedmanyinventions.
2.Butbeforethat,somethinglikearobotappeared.
appear 出现; disappear 消失 Thegirldisappearedintheforest.
3.Robotscan taketheplaceof humanstodohardorboringworkinsomesituations.
(1)taketheplaceof…=takeone’splace 代替…(动词短语,可放主语后做谓语)如:
Hetooktheplaceofmetoanswerthequestion.
(2)insteadof 代替(介词短语,不能作谓语,应放在谓语动词后)如:
Heanswerthequestioninsteadofme.
4.Areyousure?
(1)besureof/aboutsth. 确信…Heissureofhissuccess.
(2)besuretodosth. 一定会做某事:
Itissuretorain.
(3)besure+that从句 I’msurethathewillcome.
5.repair和mend都有“修理,修补”的含义,但mend 一般用于修理小东西、简单东西,如门窗、鞋袜、道路等。
而repair 用于修理复杂、精密的东西,如:
机器,手表,车辆等。
SectionB
1.AUFO flewover myhead whileIwas walkingtoward thebusstopyesterday.
(1)flyover 飞跃,over表“在物体的正上方”,如:
Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
(2)walktoward(s) 朝…方向走去
(3)while①当…时侯②与此同时;表此两种意思时,可与when退换,常与经行时态搭配使用:
HeiswatchingTVwhile/whenIamdoingmyhomework.
While 还可表“然而”,如:
HelikesBeijingwhileIlikeChongqing.
2.Thereareno livingthings onotherplanets.
livingthings生物
3.Willrobotsmakehumans losetheirjobs.
loseone’sjob 失业;findajob 找工作;getajob 得到一份工作
4.Peopleoften mistake someman-madeobjects for UFOs.
(1)mistakeAforB 错把A当做B:
HeoftenmistakesmeforJim.
(2)makeamistake/makesomemistakes 犯错 Hemadeamistakeinanexam.
(3)bymistake 错误地HecalledmeJimbymistake
5.Whilehewastryingto callforhelp….
callfor ①=askfor 要求:
Hecalledforhelp.
②提倡,号召:
Public callforgreenOlympics. 公众呼吁绿色奥运。
6.He wokeup andsawhismother.
(1)wakeup 醒来Shewokeupat9:
00thismorning.
(2)wakesbup 弄醒某人Mymotherwakesmeupat6:
00everymorning.
(3)beawake 醒着的 Iwasawakeallnight.
SectionC
1.Wecan use theInternet for findingjobs.
Usesth.fordoingsth.=usesth.todosth.用某物去做某事
2.Butweshouldn’t spend toomuchtime on theInternet.
Sb.spendsometime/money(in)doingsth. 某人花费时间或金钱做某事
Sb.spendsometime/moneyonsth. 某人花费时间或金钱在某事物上
3.Thewordsindictionariesareinalphabeticalorder.
inalphabeticalorder 按字母顺序 ;in…order 表“以…. 的顺序”如:
Putthewordsintherightorder.
4.lookup 查找,可以说“lookupaword”或“lookupawordinadictionary”
但不能说lookupadictionary
5.payattentionto(doing)sth. 注意(做)某事。
to 在此为介词。
6.beginwith=startwith 以…开始; endwith 以… 结束
SectionD
1.You’dbetteraskourcomputerteacherforhelp.
Asksb.forsth. 向某人要某物 Heoftenaskshisfatherformoney.
Asksb.forhelp 向某人求助
2.Ofcourse,butit’s useless.
useless无用的,反义词useful.
八年级上册Unit4topic2
SectionA
1. Thereusedtobe lotsofoldcitywallsinBeijing.
Thereusedtobe 某地曾经有某物
2.Mostoldcitywallswere pulleddowninthe1960s,becausethey werewornout.
短语:
①pulldown 拆毁 ②bewornout 不能再用了,被穿破了:
Myshoesarewornout.
③wearout 穿破 Children wearout theirshoesveryquickly.
SectionB
1.Thefirstemperor,QinShihuang, orderedhismen to makethem.
ordersb.todosth. 命令某人去做某事
2.Thebuildersused live models,didn’tthey?
live/laiv/adj.①活的,主要指动物,livefish.②(电视)直播的
3.It standsin NewYork.(it指自由女神像)
stand①站;②耸立;③忍受 (后接名词或动词ing)
SectionC
1.Thebuilding ismadeup oftwomillionstones.
bemadeupof 由…组成 Thefootballteamismadeupofelevenplayers.
2.Eachstone weighsmorethantwotons.
(1)weigh(动词)重,它的对应名词为weight(重量),形容词为heavy, 如:
① CaoChongweighedtheelephant. ②loseweight减肥
(2) long(形容词)长的;length(名词) 长度
(3)high(形容词)高的;height/hait/(名词) 高度
3.Thefirstemperor,QinShihuang, joinedtheoldwalls together.
join…together 把…连接起来:
jointhepiecesofpapertogether.
SectionD
初中英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:
few,little,seldom,hardly,never,not,no,noone,nobody,nothing,none,neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
例如:
Heisneverlateforschool,ishe?
他上学从不迟到,是吗?
2. 祈使句。
祈使句后一般加上willyou或won'tyou构成反意疑问句,用willyou 多表示“请求”,用won'tyou 多表示提醒对方注意。
例如:
Lookattheblackboard,willyou/won'tyou?
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:
(1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用 shallwe例如:
Let'sgohome,shallwe?
回家吧,好吗?
(2)Letus/me...后的反意疑问句用willyou例如:
Letmehaveatry,willyou?
3. 陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。
例如:
Somethingiswrongwithmyradio,isn'tit?
我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
4. 陈述部分的主语是 everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,
noone,none,neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。
例如:
Everyoneishere,aren'tthey?
大家都到了,是吗?
Nooneknowsaboutit,dothey?
没有人知道这件事,对吗?
5. 感叹句。
感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。
例如:
Whatfineweather,isn'tit?
多好的天气啊,是吧?
6. 陈述部分主、谓语是Iam...时,反意疑问句用aren'tI, 例如:
I'mworkingnow,aren’tI?
7. 当陈述部分所含的形容词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,不能视为否定词。
例如:
①Itis unfair,isn'tit?
②Sheis unhappy,isn’tshe?
8. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。
例如:
Whatyouneedismoreimportant,isn'tit?
你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
9. 当陈述部分含Ithink(believe,suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,例如:
Idon'tthinkhewillcome,willhe?
我认为他不会来,对吗?
10. 陈述部分有haveto 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。
例如:
Youhavetowaterthevegetableseveryday,don'tyou?
你每天都要浇菜,对吧?
11. 陈述部分有hadbetter时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。
例如:
Wehadbettergotoschoolatonce,hadn'twe?
我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
12. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。
如果must作“必须”讲,反意疑问句须用needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。
例如:
Hemustworkhardatphysics,needn’the?
他必须努力学物理,是吧?
Tommustbeathome,isn'the?
汤姆一定在家,是吧?
反意疑问句练习及答案
1. Threehoursoughttobeenoughtime,______?
a.oughtn’tthreehours b.didn’tthey c.shouldn’tit d.shouldn’tthreehours
2. Theyhavetostudyalot,______?
a.don’tthey b.haven’tthey c.didthey d.hadn’tthey
3. I'msuredirty,______?
a.amI b.isn’tI c.aren’tI d.amnotI
4. Idon’tthinkyoujudgedyourability,______you?
a.do b.did c.don’t d.didn’t
5.Hehashishaircuteverymonth,______?
a.hashe b.hasn’the c.doeshe d.doesn’the
6.Yourfriendneedstocomeearlier,______?
a.doeshe b.doesn’the c.needhe d.needn’the
7.Thelittleboydarenotgotochurch,______?
a.darehe b.daren’the c.doeshe d.doesn’the
8.Everyone’shavingagoodtime,______?
a.ishe b.isn’teveryone c.doeshe d.aren’tthey
9.Tellmehowtooperatetheelectroniccomputer,______?
a.willyou b.shan’tyou c.doyou d.don’tyou
10.Let’slistentotheradioprogramthattheteachermentioned,______?
a.dowe b.don’twe c.shallwe d.shan’twe
11.Janetusedtotakepartinlaborinthatvillage,______?
a.usedshe b.didshe c.didn’tshe d.shouldshe
12.Whatbeautifulweather,______?
a.isit b.isn’tit c.won’tit d.doesn’tit
13.Weneverdaredtoaskhimaquestion,______?
a.didwe b.didn’twe c.daredwe d.daren’twe
14. Nobody