重庆市高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案.docx

重庆市高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案.docx

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重庆市高考英语阅读理解试题附答案

重庆市高考英语阅读理解试题（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.

   Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.

   Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere'snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.

   Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbecome,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.

   Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthataccompaniesthereport.

   Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.

   Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.

   Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.

（1）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.

B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.

C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.

D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.

（2）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt'savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith_______.

A.healthrisks

B.diethabits

C.animalwelfare

D.environmentalprotection

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?

A.Redmeatsdon'thavesignificanthealthrisks.

B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.

C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.

D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？

根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据“accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddata”，“theresearchersarguethat”，“Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice”，“Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudies”“thelatestexample”，“Basedontheiranalyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。

以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Itseemswe'realwaysbeingtoldtogetmoresleep.Studiessuggestspendinglesstimeonsleepcanleadtoobesity（肥胖）andevencancer.Youmightevenfindyourselfwithaheadfulloffalsememories.Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.

   InanAugust2018study,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,researchersresearchedthesleeppatternsofthose"fortunate"fewandfoundtheymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact,theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthriskcomparedtothosewhosleeptogetherlessthansevenhours.What'smore,sleep-aholics-thosewhomanagetoget10hoursanight-standa30percenthigherchanceofdyingcomparedtotheseven-hourcrowd.

   Thewide-rangingglobalstudyinvolved（涉及）morethanthreemillionpeoplewhoself-reportedontheirsleephabitsandcametoaneye-openingconclusion:

Ifyoutendtosleepalot,youmaywanttobuyanalarmclock.Aswithallthingsinlife,sleepisbesttakeninmoderation（适度）.

   Youmaybethinking:

WhatifIonlysleepinonSaturdayandSunday,amIstillatrisk?

Theanswerisyes,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinCurrentBiology. Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.

   Forthestudy,36participantsweredividedintothreegroupsthateachhadadifferentsleepschedule:

ninehourseverynight,fivehourseverynight,andfivehoursfromMondaytoFridayandsleepingmuchonweekends.Peoplewhogettoomuchsleeptendtofeeltiredandlackenergy.Also,bothsleep-deprived（睡眠不足的）groupsconsumemorefoodandgainweight.

（1）Whyistheharmfuleffectofsleepingtoomuchseldomstudied?

A. Fewpeoplehavetimetosleeptoomuch.     

B. Lackofsleepcausesmuchmoreharm.

C. Itturnsouttobeahealthysleeppattern.      

D. People'shealthhasnothingtodowithit.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"those'fortunate'few"inparagraph2referto?

A. Thoseleadingarelaxinglife.                          

B. Thosegettingtoomuchsleep.

C. Thosewithlesstimetosleep.                          D. Thosewithnosleepproblems.

（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthe2019study?

A. Sleepingmuchisparticularlybeneficialtohungrypeople.

B. Manypeoplesleepmoreonweekendsthanonweekdays.

C. Analarmclockofhighqualityisimportantforgoodsleep.

D. Peoplewhosleepmuchonlyonweekendsalsohavehealthrisk.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A. Itisnecessarytosaveenoughtimeforsleep.

B. Toomuchsleepcanresultingainingweight.

C. Sleepingtoomuchdoesharmtopeople'shealth.

D. Peoplecanavoidsleepingmuchbyeatinghealthily.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.“可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.”这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择；以及第二段中的“…theymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact，theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthrisk“他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。

事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险，可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmore thansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweight anddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.“研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。

可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的”Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.“可知本文介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Asweknow,JulianBeeverisaninternationalwell-knownsidewalkchalkartistwhosedrawingshaveappearedonthestreetsofLondon,BuenosAires,Paris,NewYork,andcountlessothercitiesaroundtheworld.Beevercreatesdrawingsthatlookcompletelythree-dimensionalwhenseenfromthecorrectangle.

   Now,inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:

Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces,Hereareafewexamplesyou'llfindinthebook.

  ●Philadelphiaeagle

   InPennsylvania,Beevercreated"Philadelphiaeagle"ahugedrawingwithaneaglelandingsuccessfullyonanAmericannationalflag.

  ●MeetingMr.Frog

   "MeetingMr.Frog"wascreatedinSalamanca,Spain,andisaboutarealistic-lookingfrogsittingonaLilypad.

   Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet

   Mypersonalfavoriteis"S