高考英语语法必考考点 13 名词性从句.docx
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高考英语语法必考考点13名词性从句
2020年高考英语语法必考考点(13)
名词性从句
【考点解读】
一、名词性从句的种类
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
二、引导名词性从句的连接词
1.连接代词:
who,whose,whom,what,which有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。
Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenwewillleave.
Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.
2.连接副词:
when,where,why,how有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.
Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.(2012·四川高考)
3.连接词:
whether,if,asif,if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用;that无词义,在从句中也不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,有时可省略。
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatter.
Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.
三、that,what引导的名词性从句的区别
引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。
当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。
Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.(主语从句;what作主语)
Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.(宾语从句;what作宾语)
Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowwhatittakestostartabusinesshere.(宾语从句;what作宾语)
Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(表语从句;what作表语)
Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(主语从句)
Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.(表语从句)
【点睛】
(1)that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见句型有:
①it+be+形容词(如:
obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,evident,clear,apparent等)+that从句。
Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?
②it+be+名词(如:
nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等)+that从句。
It’sagreatpitythatit’sprobablythelasttimethiswillhappen.
③it+be+过去分词(如:
said,reported,thought,estimated,expected,decided,announced,arranged,recognized等)+that从句。
Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveourphysicalandmentalhealth.
类似句型还有:
Itcannotbedeniedthat.../Itmustbeadmittedthat...
④it+动词(如:
seem,appear,happen,occurtosb.,doesn’tmatter,makenodifference等)+that从句。
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.
Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
(2)that引导主语从句,置于句首时,that不能省略。
Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.
(3)that引导宾语从句,常可省略。
可接that从句作宾语的动词有:
see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,besure,beafraid等。
可以接复合宾语的动词有:
think,make,consider,find,feel,suppose等,在他们之后,可以用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语that从句后置。
此时that不可省略。
Doyouknow(that)hehasjoinedthearmy?
Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.
(4)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,除第一个从句的that外,都不可省略。
Hetoldme(that)thepowerwouldbecutoffandthatIshouldgetready.
(5)引导表语从句:
that引导表语从句,不可省略。
Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o’clocktomorrow.
四、连接词whether/if(是否)的用法
两者都可引导宾语从句,常可互换使用。
但以下情况不能互换:
1.宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
2.用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,可作条件状语从句,因而产生歧义。
)
3.宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if。
Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
4.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether可与不定式连用,也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句。
Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.
Idon’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.
Whetheryoulikethatgifthegaveyou,youshouldexpressyourgratitude.
5.在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether。
doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether或if引导;doubt用于否定句时,其后的从句用that引导。
Whethertheywillagreewiththeplanisnotclear.
Idoubtwhether/ifyouhavetoldmethetruth.
Idon’tdoubtthatyouaretherightpersonforthejob.
五、whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,however的用法
它们的作用等同于who,what,which,where,when,how,但语气加强了。
这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用nomatter+who/what...代替。
1.引导主语从句。
Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.
2.引导宾语从句,充当直接宾语。
I’llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.
3.引导宾语从句,充当间接宾语。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpahand.
4.引导介词的宾语从句。
Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopicyouprefer.
5.引导宾语从句,充当宾语补足语。
We’llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.
六、主要考点及突破技巧
主语从句:
1.主要考点:
1)that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型:
①It+be+形容词+that从句
②It+be+名词(短语)+that从句
③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句
④It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句
2)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别:
what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that引导从句,不充当成分。
e.g.Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(what引导主语从句,作said的宾语)
ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact.(that引导主语从句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)
3)主语从句若含有“是否”意义,其引导词只能用whether,不能用if。
e.g.Whetherhewillbeabletocometomorrowremainsaquestion.
2.突破技巧:
1)掌握形式主语的句式及变化,根据句意选取合适连接词,除that在句子中没有意义,但不能省略外,其他连接词均在句中有意义。
2)what,that,which,whether连接主语从句的区别。
宾语从句:
1.主要考点:
1)动词find,feel,think,consider,take(认为),make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后面有宾语补足语时,且