学年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元质量检测新人教版必修5.docx
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学年高中英语Unit1Greatscientists单元质量检测新人教版必修5
单元质量检测
(一)
选择题部分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
TheNobelPrizeWinnersinLiterature
RabindranathTagore(1913)
Prizemotivation:
“becauseofhisprofoundlysensitive,freshandbeautifulverse(诗歌),bywhich,withconsummateskill,hehasmadehispoeticthought,expressedinhisownEnglishwords,apartoftheliteratureoftheWest”
WilliamFaulkner(1949)
Prizemotivation:
“forhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel”
SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1953)
Prizemotivation:
“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratory(演说才能)indefendingexaltedhumanvalues”
ErnestMillerHemingway(1954)
Prizemotivation:
“forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea,andfortheinfluencethathehasexertedoncontemporarystyle”
JohnSteinbeck(1962)
Prizemotivation:
“forhisrealisticandimaginativewritings,combiningastheydosympathetichumorandkeensocialperception”
ClaudeSimon(1985)
Prizemotivation:
“whoinhisnovelcombinesthepoet'sandthepainter'screativenesswithadeepenedawarenessoftimeinthedepictionofthehumancondition”
MoYan(2012)
Prizemotivation:
“whowithhallucinatory(幻觉般的)realismmergesfolktales,historyandthecontemporary”
BobDylan(2016)
Prizemotivation:
“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”
语篇解读:
本文向我们介绍了八位著名的诺贝尔文学奖获得者的获奖原因。
1.WhichwriterwonNobelPrizeforhispoetry?
A.WilliamFaulkner. B.BobDylan.
C.RabindranathTagore.D.ClaudeSimon.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据标题RabindranathTagore(1913)部分中的“becauseofhisprofoundlysensitive,freshandbeautifulverse(诗歌),bywhich,withconsummateskill...”可知,拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔因为诗歌而获得诺贝尔文学奖。
故选C项。
2.WhichwriterwonNoblePrizemostlyforhisspecificwork?
A.ErnestHemingway.B.JohnSteinbeck.
C.WilliamFaulkner.D.WinstonChurchill.
解析:
选A 细节理解题。
根据标题ErnestMillerHemingway(1954)部分中的“forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea...”可知,海明威主要是凭借《老人与海》这部小说获奖,其他获奖者的获奖理由中并未提及具体作品。
故选A项。
3.Whodescribedreallifeexperiencesinhishistoricworks?
A.JohnSteinbeck.B.MoYan.
C.ErnestHemingway.D.WinstonChurchill.
解析:
选D 推理判断题。
根据标题SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1953)部分中的“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescription...”可知,丘吉尔精通历史和传记写作,故D项正确。
B
Throughoutmyeducationalyears,despitethekindteachersIhadmet,IneverfeltinterestinwritinguntilImether,Mrs.Kelley.Atfirst,Ibelievedthatwritingwouldstillbemyworstclass.Gradually,myfondnessincreased.Shetaughtthelessoninsuchalivelywayandherwordchoiceimpressedme.Butthatwasnotwhatmadehermyfavorite.Unlikeotherteachers,afterinstructions,shegaveanenormousamountoffreedominwhatwewrote,allowingustocreateourownstoriesusingourimagination.Andthatmatteredmost.
Therewasonereallyrevolutionaryevent:
thehistoricalfictionunit.Weweretoinventourownstoriesusingtheperiodweweregiven.WorldWarⅡwasmine.Atthatpoint,Iwasjustlookingforagoodgrade.Ratherthancreatingamundane(平淡的)story,IwantedtomakeastorythatIfeltwasmeaningful.AsIprogressed,IwaspulledfurtherandfurtherintotherealitythatIhadmade.Grammarnolongerexisted,asmyhandsgainedacceleration.WhenItypedthefinalword,myhandstrembledwithexcitement.Briefly,Ireaditoverandthensubmittedthedraft.
Inthemidstofanxiousness,Mrs.Kelleyresponded.Shepointedoutsomemistakesandgavesomesuggestions.Sadly,therewerenocommentsofrecognition.Ifixedtheerrorsandmovedon.Butwhenwaitingforthefinalgrade,Ierasedalltheunrealisticthoughtsthatwanderedinmymind.
Inthenextclass,surprisingly,afterhandingbackmypaper,Mrs.Kelleymentionedthatmystorywasverygood.Ilookedatherinconfusion.Soonexcitementstirredinsideme.Ifounda“+5”attachedtothescore.Shehadgivenanextrapointin“Plot”,addingan“Excellent!
”Nootherteacherhaddonethis.Onthatday,Ifeltwhatitmeanstobeawriter.Mrs.Kelleyintroducedmetothebeautyofliteratureandmadewritingsoenjoyable.
语篇解读:
本文是记叙文。
作者以前一直对写作不感兴趣,在Kelley老师的引导下,他逐渐感受到写作的乐趣,继而全身心投入其中,最终获得了老师的肯定。
4.WhatmadeMrs.Kelleysospecialaccordingtotheauthor?
A.Herpatienceandkindness.
B.Herconfidenceinstudents.
C.Hercreativeteachingstyle.
D.Herprofessionalknowledge.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Unlikeotherteachers,afterinstructions,shegaveanenormousamountoffreedominwhatwewrote,allowingustocreateourownstoriesusingourimagination.Andthatmatteredmost”可知,Kelley老师最大的优点在于她的授课方式很有创意,她给予学生充分的自由,允许他们发挥自己的想象力进行写作。
5.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenMrs.Kelleyrespondedatfirst?
A.Excited.B.Worried.
C.Surprised.D.Disappointed.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第三段的“Sadly,therewerenocommentsofrecognition.”可知,Kelley老师只是指出了写作中的错误,并提出建议,并没有认可性的评论,这令作者有些沮丧。
6.WhatwasthebiggestbenefittheauthorgotfromMrs.Kelley'sclass?
A.Recognizinghistalent.
B.Findingthejoyofwriting.
C.Determininghislifetimecareer.
D.Acquiringpracticalwritingskills.
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“Onthatday,Ifeltwhatitmeanstobeawriter.Mrs.Kelleyintroducedmetothebeautyofliteratureandmadewritingsoenjoyable”可知,在Kelley老师的教导下,作者由原来的反感到逐渐爱上写作这门课,感受到文学的魅力以及写作的快乐,这是他最大的收获。
C
BorninLondonin1825,ThomasHenryHuxleywasoneofthegreatmenofthenineteenthcentury.In1846ThomasHenryHuxleywasappointedassistantdoctoraboardH.M.S.Rattlesnake.TheshiphadbeenaskedtosurveyareasoftheGreatBarrierReefandtheneighboringseas.ThisgaveThomasHenryHuxleyanopportunitytostudyanimallifeandwasthestartofhisbiologicalcareer.Thevoyagelastedfouryears,duringwhichtimehegatheredmuchinformationonplankton(浮游生物).
Onhisreturnfromthevoyage,ThomasHenryHuxleywasmadeamemberoftheRoyalSocietyinrecognitionofhisscientificwork.Althoughhecontinuedtopublishpapersaboutplankton,hisinterestwasturningtowardsvertebrate(有脊椎的)animals.ForsometimeThomasHenryHuxleyandhisworkmateshadbeendiscussingthepossibilitythatanimalspecieshadevolved(进化),onefromanother.Nosatisfactorytheorieshadbeenputforward,butin1859Darwin'sOriginofSpeciesappeared.ThomasHenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsimportanceandhowthetheoryofnaturalselectionprovided“theworkinghypothesis(假说)wesought”.
FortherestofhislifeThomasHenryHuxleystruggledtoensurethefullrecognitionofDarwin'swork.In1863ThomasHenryHuxleypublishedMan'sPlaceinNatureinwhichhecomparedmanandgreatapes(猿).Heclearlyshowedsimilarities.
DespitehismanyachievementshewasgivennoawardbytheBritishstateuntillateinhislife.Fromabout1870,ThomasHenryHuxleywastooinvolvedinotherthingstocontinueactualresearch.Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedineducation.Hepioneeredtheteachingofbiologyandhismethodofselecting“typeanimals”isstillfollowedtoday.Hespentthelasttenyearsofhislifewritingessaysmainlyonbiology.
语篇解读:
本文是说明文。
文章介绍了英国生物学家、教育家赫胥黎的生平以及他的主要科学研究。
7.WhydidHuxleygoonthevoyage?
A.Toexplorethedeepsea.
B.Todoresearchonseaanimals.
C.Toworkasadoctorontheship.
D.Togatherinformationforhispaper.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第一段的“In1846ThomasHenryHuxleywasappointedassistantdoctoraboardH.M.S.Rattlesnake”可知,赫胥黎进行这次航行的最初目的是在船上担任助理医生。
8.HowdidHuxleyreacttothetheoryofnaturalselection?
A.Hehaddoubtaboutit.
B.Hethoughthighlyofit.
C.Hecouldn'tunderstandit.
D.Hethoughthedevelopeditfirst.
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据第二段的“ThomasHenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsimportanceandhowthetheoryofnaturalselectionprovided'theworkinghypothesis(假说)wesought'”可知,赫胥黎很重视达尔文的自然选择学说。
9.WhatdoweknowaboutHuxley'sbookMan'sPlaceinNature?
A.Itdiscussestheimportanceofhumanbeings.
B.ItfocusesonDarwin'stheoryofnaturalselection.
C.Ittalksaboutthedifferencesbetweenmanandapes.
D.Itprovidesevidenceabouttheevolutionofmanfromapes.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第三段的内容可知,赫胥黎在他的著作《人类在自然界的位置》中比较了人类与猿之间的相似处,说明它们在进化过程中的联系。
10.WhatcanwelearnaboutHuxleyfromthelastparagraph?
A.Hecontinuedhisresearchtillhisdeath.
B.Hecontributedalottobiologyteaching.
C.Henevergotawardsforhisachievements.
D.Hebecameagoodnovelistlateinhislife.
解析:
选B 细节理解题。
根据最后一段的“Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedineducation.Hepioneeredtheteachingofbiologyandhismethodofselecting'typeanimals'isstillfollowedtoday”可知,赫胥黎在生物教学方面做出了很大的贡献。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
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Eventually,youcanlookatfearintheeyesandsay,“Goon.I'mnotscared!
”
★__13__
Makesurethishobbyisnotlinkedtoyourcareer;youhavetorelaxandrelieveyourstresswhileperformingthis.Someexamplesmightbecooking,sewing,paintingandsoon.Apartfromhelpingyouchallengeyourself,takingaclassforyourhobbymayalsogiveyouextraincome.
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★Trav