最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案50 2.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案502
最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(附答案)50
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•浙江)阅读理解
Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).
Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.
Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).
ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.
Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).
Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.
(1)Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.
B. TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.
C. ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.
D. TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.
(2)Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?
A. Ecologicalstudiesofforests.
B. Banningwoodcutting.
C. Limitinghousingdevelopment.
D. Firecontrolmeasures.
(3)WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?
A. Inadequatesnowmelt.
B. Alongerdryseason.
C. Awarmerclimate.
D. Dampnessoftheair.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. California'sForests:
WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?
B. CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.
C. WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?
D. PatrickMclntyre:
GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文,围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题,探讨出现这一现象的原因。
(1)段落大意题。
第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句,意思是:
在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中,直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。
所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况,故答案为A。
(2)细节理解题。
题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。
根据第三段描述:
伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。
控制野火的初衷是保护森林,但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。
故答案为D。
(3)细节理解题。
将watershortage 定位在第五段,而Mclntyre在最后一段,根据 thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知,导致水源紧张的是上升的温度,造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。
故答案为C。
(4)主旨大意题。
文章的第一句是本文的主题句,文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开,对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。
故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章,文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。
阅读是紧扣主旨,快速浏览文章内容。
答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位,然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。
2.阅读理解
OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:
34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentoseparateandmeetagainforlunch.WeshouldhavearrivedatLiverpoolat9:
19,butduetoatypicalLondonfog,thetrainhadtomovealongsoslowlythatitwasnotuntil10:
30thatitgotthere.Inspiteofourlatearrival,Joan,mywife'ssister,decidedthatshewouldgotoseetheCrownJewelsintheTowerofLondonwhilewewentshopping.Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwehadn'tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetforlunch.SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedaproblem.ThereseemedtobenothingwecoulddoexcepttakingataxitotheTowerofLondon,andtrytofindherthere.Needlesstosay,wedidn'tfindher.
Itwasnowoneo'clock,andtheconcertbeganat2:
30."Perhapsshewillthinkofwaitingoutsidetheconcerthall,"suggestedmywifehopefully.Bythistimethefogwassothickthatroadtraffichadtostop,andtheonlywaytogettherewasbyundergroundrailway.Handinhandwefeltourwayalongtheroadtowherewethoughttheneareststationshouldbe.Anhourlaterwewerestilltryingtofindit.JustasIwasabouttolosemytempercompletelywhenwemetablindmantappinghiswayconfidentlythroughthefog.WithhishelpwefoundTowerHilltubestationjustfiftyyardsdowntheroad.
Bynowitwasfartoolateeventotrytogettotheconcerthallbeforetheperformancebeganat2:
30,sowedecidedtoreturntoCambridge.Ittooksevenlonghoursinsteadoftheusualtwotomakethatjourney.Norwereweabletogetanyfoodanddrinkonthetrain.Tiredandhungrywefinallyreachedhomeatten,openingthedoortothesoundofthetelephonebell.ItwasJoan;shehadseentheCrownJewels,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight.Nowshewasringingtodiscoverwhetherwehadhadanequallysuccessfulday.
(1)WhywasJoanseparatedfromhersisterandherbrother-in-law?
A. theycouldnotseeeachotherbecauseofthefog.
B. JoanhadnotseenCrownJewels.
C. Theyplannedtododifferentthingsuntillunchtime.
D. Thewriterdidn'twanttogototheconcert.
(2)Whatdidthewriterplantodointheafternoon?
A. Gototheconcert.
B. SeetheCrownJewels.
C. ReturntoCambridge. D. Goshopping.
(3)Thereasonwhytheydidn'tallmeetforlunchwasthat_______.
A. Theylosttheirwayinthefog
B. theyforgottomakenecessaryarrangement
C. theywaitedatdifferentplacesanddidn'tmeeteachother
D. thecouplecouldn'tfindtheundergroundstation
(4)It'squiteclearthatforJoanthetriptoLondonhadbeen________.
A. spiltbythefog B. quitetiring C. ratherdisappointing D. veryenjoyable
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。
由于安排不当,导致当天的活动很是混乱。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:
34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentoseparateandmeetagainforlunch”可知,他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情,然后中午午餐时相聚。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedaproblem”,可知作者计划去听音乐会。
故选A。
(3)细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwehadn'tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetforlunch.”可知此前他们并没有做好安排。
故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。
故选B。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“ItwasJoan;shehadseentheCrownJewels,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight”可知Joan玩得很尽兴。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Itseemswe'realwaysbeingtoldtogetmoresleep.Studiessuggestspendinglesstimeonsleepcanleadtoobesity(肥胖)andevencancer.Youmightevenfindyourselfwithaheadfulloffalsememories.Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.
InanAugust2018study,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,researchersresearchedthesleeppatternsofthose"fortunate"fewandfoundtheymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact,theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthriskcomparedtothosewhosleeptogetherlessthansevenhours.What'smore,sleep-aholics-thosewhomanagetoget10hoursanight-standa30percenthigherchanceofdyingcomparedtotheseven-hourcrowd.
Thewide-rangingglobalstudyinvolved(涉及)morethanthreemillionpeoplewhoself-reportedontheirsleephabitsandcametoaneye-openingconclusion:
Ifyoutendtosleepalot,youmaywanttobuyanalarmclock.Aswithallthingsinlife,sleepisbesttakeninmoderation(适度).
Youmaybethinking:
WhatifIonlysleepinonSaturdayandSunday,amIstillatrisk?
Theanswerisyes,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinCurrentBiology. Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.
Forthestudy,36participantsweredividedintothreegroupsthateachhadadifferentsleepschedule:
ninehourseverynight,fivehourseverynight,andfivehoursfromMondaytoFridayandsleepingmuchonweekends.Peoplewhogettoomuchsleeptendtofeeltiredandlackenergy.Also,bothsleep-deprived(睡眠不足的)groupsconsumemorefoodandgainweight.
(1)Whyistheharmfuleffectofsleepingtoomuchseldomstudied?
A. Fewpeoplehavetimetosleeptoomuch.
B. Lackofsleepcausesmuchmoreharm.
C. Itturnsouttobeahealthysleeppattern.
D. People'shealthhasnothingtodowithit.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"those'fortunate'few"inparagraph2r