上海市曹杨二中学年高二上学期期中英语试题.docx

上海市曹杨二中学年高二上学期期中英语试题.docx

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上海市曹杨二中学年高二上学期期中英语试题

上海市曹杨二中2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试题

学校:

___________姓名：

___________班级：

___________考号：

___________

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Directions：

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Onanotherwiseordinaryafternooninmid-December,theHakatatoTokyoexpresspulledintoNegoyaandathousandpassengerswereordered1．thetrain.Theburningsmellandunusualsoundturnedouttobecracksinthechassis（底盘）.

ItwasthefirsttimethattheShinkansen（新干线），thecountry’ssymbolofindustrialpowerand“madeinJapan”engineeringquality,2．（give）waytoanofficiallycalled“seriousincident”.Onceuponatime,thecrackswouldhavebeenunthinkable;thenation—3．theoutsideworld—haslongbeenconditionedtothinkofJapanesemanufacturingasperfect.Butaftersufferingasuccessionofdifferentscandals.Japan’sproblemisthatimperfectionisfarlessuntbinkablethanit4．be.

ThebullettrainbreakdownmarksthepeakofmonthsofpublicadmissionsbysomeofJapan’sgreatestnames—includingNissanMotor.Subaru,TorayIndustries,KobeSteelandMitsubishiMaterials—5．theyhaveeitherbeencheatingonqualitytestsorfakingdocuments6．（sell）productsofalowerqualitythanstated.Foranindustrialeconomythathasbuiltitsglobalfameonitsreputationforquality,thesearenerve-rackingtimes.

NoonethoughtthatJapanesecompanieswerebasicallymorehonestthantheircompetitorsaroundtheworld,saysoneformerToshibaexecutive,7．therewasanassumptionbothinsideandoutsideJapanthateveryoneonthefactoryfloorwasdevotedtotheperfectionofmonozukuri.8．craftsmanshipthatrepresentswhatisarguablytheproudestJapanesecorporateboasts.“Thatassumptionis9．hastakentheheaviestbeating,”hesaid.

WhenHiroyaKawasaki,thechiefexecutiveofKobeSteel,firstconfessedthatthecompanyhadbeentakingpartindatafalsification（伪造）10．（data）backtothe1970s,hisstatementwasalmostapocalyptic（预示灾难的）.“Trustinourcompanyhasfallentozero,”hesaid.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

Directions：

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

Cureisn’tawordnormallyusedinthe11．ofAIDS.Formostofthe35yearssinceHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthedisease,wasfirstidentified,doctorshaveviewedthenotionofacureasmore12．thanfact.

That’sbecauseHIVisavirusunlikeanyother.Itdisablestheveryimmunecellsthatare13．todestroyit,carryingouttheultimatedeadlyambush（埋伏）whenevertheguardofimmune14．comesdown,monthsorsometimesevenyearslater.

YetforthefirsttimeintheHIVepidemicthat15．affectsnearly37millionpeopleworldwide,someexpertsarestartingtoaimforacurecautiously.TheNationalInstitutesofHealth（NIH）isfundingHIVcureeffortsandadvocacygroupslikeamfARarealso16．resourcesintonotjusttreatingHIV,butalsofindingwaystoeliminateitcompletely.

“AbsolutelyHIVcanbecured,”saysRowenaJohnston,vicepresidentanddirectorofresearchforamfAR.“Thequestionishow.”

DoctorstodayhavenotroublekeepingHIVundercontrolinpeoplewhoareinfected,thankstoantiretroviral（ARV）drugs,whichstopthevirusfromreplicating（复制）.Ifitisnotmakingmorecopiesofitself.HIVcannotspreadtoinfectnewcells.Thatcan17．intohealthier,longerlivesforpeoplewhoareHIV-positive.

Powerfulasthecurrentdrugtreatmentsare,theycan’tactually18．thebodyofinfectedcells.Forself-preservation,someHIVlieslatent（潜伏性的）insidecertainimmunecells.Thesearethevirusesthatcomecoaringbackwhenpeoplestoptakingtheirmedications.

Butthelatestreportthismonthrevealedthestrongestevidencethattheselatentvirusescanbeactivatedandeliminated,atleastinanimals.Dr.DanBarouchandhiscolleaguesshowedthatadrugthatstimulatestheimmunesystem,19．withapowerfulantibody,preventedHIVfromroaringbackinfiveof11animals,sixmonthsaftertheystoppedtakingARVs.“Ithinkourdataraisesthe20．thataninterventionachievingafunctionalcureispossible,”saysBarouch.

三、完形填空

Insteadofcruisinginonahoverboard,Irodemybiketotheofficetoday.Thebicyclewasinventedinthe19thcentury.Insteadoftakingapillforbreakfast,Ihadabaconroll,cookedusinggas.Sciencefictionhas21tous.

Makingpredictionsistricky,especiallyaboutthefuture,asphysicistNielsBohrjoked.Insciencefiction,youcan’tescapethat22though.Sinceitsbirthinthe19thcentury,writershave23imaginedthethingstocome:

devicesthathumankindwillinventtomakelifeeasier.Butinsomanyinstances,thosepromiseshavenotcometopass.Thebiggest24areintravel—jetpacks,hoverboardsandflyingcarsareyettofilltheskies.Airtravelhasbecomesignificantlycheaperandwide-reaching,butonlyusingdistinctly20th-centurytechnology:

commercialaeroplanesaremuchthesameastheywere50yearsago.

25iswhatsciencefictionfrequentlydelivers,butitsarrivalintherealworldhasbeenunpredicrable.Domesticrobotswithadegreeofintelligenceareyetto26,thoughroboticvacuumcleanersarecommerciallyavailable—eveniftheyarefairlyhopeless.Videocallshavenowarrived—sortof—butconferencingonSkypeisstilldissatisfying.Inmobiles,videocalltechnologyisnowavailable,sowhenyourdadringstoupdateyouonhisvegetablepatch,he’llbeableto27yourlookofboredom.

Thetruthisthatwequickly28theastonishmentofinvention:

ourwondermentissoonreplacedwiththefeelingofnothingnew.Weshouldtrytostayinthatperiodof29.Itisastonishingthatthecontentsofeverybookeverwrittencanbestoredinasmallbox.Orthatyoucancarry10,000albumsonanobjectkeptinyourpocket.Orthatalmostalltheinformationintheworldcanbeaccessedalmostanywhereatanytime.Allthese30aredependentontheemergenceofthemicrochipanditsplaceincomputers.Yetsci-fididn’t31thedominanceofthecomputerinrunningourlives.

Buttherealareawhere32faroutstrips（超越）predictionsismedicine.Sure,fictionwoulddescribehumansas“disease-free”butwithoutgoingintodetail.“Disease-free”humansarestillabsent,buttheprogressmadein33lifeisbreathtaking.Withrelativeease,wecansequenceanyone’sgenome（基因组），givingaread-outofourentiregeneticcode.Thismeanswecanfindouttheunderlyinggeneticcauseofthousandsofdiseasesinminutes.

Photosensitiveimplantsnowexistthatcanreplacedamagedcellsintheretina（视网膜）andcan,thus34sighttotheblind.Whiletheinventionsofsciencefictioncanshowgreatideaswe’dliketohappen,nothing35theinventivenessofpeopleintherealworld.

21．A．turnedB．liedC．objectedD．talked

22．A．opportunityB．challengeC．imaginationD．conflict

23．A．hesitantlyB．criticallyC．temporarilyD．tirelessly

24．A．disappointmentsB．advancementsC．enjoymentsD．experiments

25．A．ModernizationB．ExplorationC．AutomationD．Transportation

26．A．materialiseB．identifyC．honourD．liberate

27．A．imagineB．feelC．seeD．ignore

28．A．arouseB．discoverC．forgetD．evaluate

29．A．frustrationB．amazementC．boredomD．limitation

30．A．modesB．worriesC．potentialsD．actions

31．A．predictB．overlookC．motivateD．prevent

32．A．qualityB．obstacleC．passionD．reality

33．A．maintainingB．creatingC．researchingD．encountering

34．A．showB．lendC．restoreD．label

35．A．guaranteesB．overestimatesC．releasesD．outperforms

四、阅读选择

Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.Atarestaurant.ButonBlackFriday,it’sanexperience.

ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimedweeksbeforeBlackFriday,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.Someone,somewhere,willtrytocutinlineataTarget,arousingtheangerofthepeoplewhoplayeditfair.

Atriskarebothbargainsandbraggingrights,turningwhatwouldotherwisebeamiserableexperienceintoanadventure.

“ThesequeuesarequitedifferentthantheusualannoyingonesweencounterdaytodayattheA．T.M.orinthesubway,”saidRichardLarson,aprofessoratM.I.T.whohasspentyearsstudyinglinebehavior.

ProfessorLarson,whosenicknameinacademiccirclesisDr.Queue,saidhewouldneverwaitinalineonBlackFridayhimself.Thelines,hesaid,are“onceayear,they’reexciting.They’rethekindyoumighttellyourgrandchildrenabout.”

Linestestpatience,personalspaceandprinciplesoffairnessandrationality,especiallyonBlackFriday,whenthecrowdscanbeoverwhelming.Still,thepromiseofaonce-a-yearscoredrawsshopperstoqueuesthatstartbeforesunrise—orinsomecases,thenightbefore.

J.JeffreyInman,aveteranofBlackFridaylinesandpresidentoftheSocietyforConsumerPsychology,saidthatmanyfamiliestreatthehourslongexperienceasabondingritualandacherishedtradition.

“It’snotsomethingunimportant,”saidMr.Inman,whoisalsoaprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofPittsburgh.“Andthere’sthislayerofcompetitiontoit,withpeopleedgingforward,becausethereareonlysomanyofthosebigscreenTVsinsidethedoor.”

Peoplemayactuallygravitatetowardlongerlines,sotheycanfeelagreatersenseofaccomplishmentoncetheyfinallymakeapurchase.ProfessorLarsonsaid,“Eveniftheydon’tknowwhatthelineisfor,theyreasonthatwhatever’sattheendofitmustbefantasticallyvaluable.”

36．Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat_______.

A．peopleinTargetaremostlikelytocutin