药理学 pharmacology.docx

药理学 pharmacology.docx

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药理学pharmacology

药理学

（2）（pharmacology

（2））

2.followingthedescriptionoftheplacentalbarrier,theerroris

A.isthebarrierbetweenplacentalvillianduterinesinusoids

B.permeabilityisthesameasthatofnormalcapillaries

C.almostalldrugscanpass

D.preventsthedrugfromenteringthefetalbloodcirculationfromthemother

E.pregnantwomenshould,inprinciple,disablealldrugsthataffectthedevelopmentofthefetus

3.,theeliminationofdrugsbyzeroorderkineticsrefersto

A.absorptionandmetabolismbalance

B.removestheconstantproportionofdrugsperunittime

C.eliminatesconstantamountsofdrugsperunittime

TheplasmaconcentrationofD.reachedastablelevel

E.drugsarecompletelyeliminated

4.atropineeyedropscancause

A.dilatedpupil,raisedintraocularpressure,adjustedparalysis

B.dilatedthepupil,increasedintraocularpressure,andadjustedspasm

C.dilation,reductionofintraocularpressure,andadjustmentofparalysis

D.miosis,intraocularpressure,reducecontrolparalysis

E.miosis,intraocularpressure,reducingspasmofaccommodation

5.,treatmentofbiliarycolicshouldbepreferred

A.atropine

B.pethidine

C.aspirin

D.atropine+pethidine

E.atropine+aspirin

6.whichofthefollowingisnotanadversereactiontoatropine?

A.mouthparchedandtonguescorched

B.nauseaandvomiting

C.tachycardia

D.skinflush

E.blurredvision

7.followingtheincorrectdescriptionofthelocalanaesthetic

ThelocalanestheticeffectofA.isreversible

B.blockedtheNa+channelofthecellmembrane

C.canreducetheamplitudeofactionpotentialandslowtheconduction

D.canonlyinhibitsensorynervefibers

ThesensitivityofE.isinverselyproportionaltothediameterofthenervefiber

8.shouldbedonebeforetheskinallergytestlocalanestheticis?

A.procaine

B.lidocaine

C.tetracaine

D.bupivacaine

E.ropivacaine

9.ears,noseandthroatsurgery,surfaceanesthesiaisoftenused

A.tetracaine

B.procaine

C.codeine

D.lidocaine

E.bupivacaine

10.,theeffectoflevodopaonthetreatmentofParkinson'sdiseaseiswrong

A.iseffectiveagainstextrapyramidaleffectscausedbyantipsychoticdrugs

B.hasagoodeffectonmilddisease

C.hasagoodeffectonyoungpatients

D.haspoorefficacyincriticallyillandelderlypatients

TheeffectofE.ondementiaisnotimproved

11.characteristicsoftrihexyphenidylforthetreatmentofParkinson'sdiseaseis

A.appliestocriticallyillpatients

B.isgenerallynotincombinationwithlevodopa

C.iseffectiveagainstneurolepticinducedParkinsonsyndrome

D.hasagoodeffectonglaucomainpatientswithParkinson'sdisease

E.hasnoatropinelikeadversereaction

12.thefollowingstatementabouttheactionofaspiriniswrong

A.antipyretic

B.analgesia

C.antiplateletaggregation

D.antiinflammationandrheumatism

E.promotesthesynthesisofbradykininandILs

13.,themechanismoflowdoseaspirininpreventingthrombosisis

A.inhibitsprothrombinformation

B.directlyinhibitsplateletaggregation

C.inhibitstheformationofPGEs

D.inhibitsthesynthesisofTXA2（thromboxane）

E.directlydissolvesthrombus

14.,acetaminophenisoftenusedinclinic

A.hasacoldandafever

B.acutegout

C.rheumatoidarthritis

D.acuterheumaticfever

E.preventsthrombosis

15.,themostappropriatechoiceofaspirintreatmentis

A.spasticgastrointestinalcramps

B.menstrualpain

C.anginapectoris

D.renalcolic

E.biliarycolic

16.cardiacglycosidesreducetheventricularrateinpatientswithatrialfibrillationbecause

A.

Lowerventricularautomaticity

B.improvesmyocardialischemia

C.decreasesatrialautomaticity

D.isexcitedbyvagalnervesandinhibitsatrioventricularconduction

E.inhibitsvagusnerve

17.,themostbasicroleofcardiacglycosidesinthetreatmentofchronicheartfailureis

A.reducedtheenlargedvolumeoftheventricles

B.increasesmyocardialcontractility

C.increasesventricularworkefficiency

D.reducesheartrate

E.increasesheartrate

18.,apatientwhodoesnottakethemedicineprescribedtwotimesisconsideredtobedoublinghisfirstdose".Asaresult,excessiveuseofcardiacglycosidescausesventriculartachycardia.Howshouldbetreatedatthistime?

A.decrement

B.usesdiuretics

C.lidocaine

D.oxygentherapy

E.coadministrationquinidine

19.whichofthefollowingantihypertensivedrugsislikelytocauseairritativedrycough?

A.verapamil

B.captopril

C.Losartan

D.nifedipine

E.propranolol

20.adverseeffectsofangiotensin-convertingenzymeinhibitorswerenotincluded

A.elevatedbloodsugar

B.vascularedema

C.ofrenalarterystenosis,pronetocauserenaldamage

D.irritatingcough

E.hyperkalemia

21.thefollowingdescriptionaboutpropranololiswrong

A.hasbeenwidelyusedinthetreatmentofhypertension

B.canreduceseizuresinpatientswithanginapectoris

TheamountofC.variesgreatlyamongindividualsandshouldstartatsmalldoses

TheantihypertensiveeffectofD.isbetterthanthatofbeta1receptorblocker

E.diabeticpatientswithcaution

22.themechanismoflong-termhypotensiveeffectofdiureticsis

A.administrationofsodiumanddiuresisreducesbloodvolume

B.decreasedplasmareninactivity

C.increasedplasmareninactivity

D.reducessodiumionsinvascularsmoothmusclecells

E.inhibitsaldosteronesecretion

23.theantihypertensivemechanismoflosartanis

A.inhibitsreninactivity

B.inhibitsangiotensinconvertingenzymeactivity

C.inhibitsaldosteroneactivity

D.inhibitsangiotensinIproduction

E.blockedangiotensinreceptor

24.H1receptorblockershavepoorefficacyinthefollowingdiseases

A.vascularedema

B.allergicrhinitis

C.allergicdermatitis

D.allergicasthma

E.hives

Themechanismbywhich25.H1receptorblockersproducecentralinhibitionis

A.blocksthecentralH1receptor

B.excitatorycentralcholinergicreceptor

C.isinvolvedintheactionofquinidine

D.isrelatedtocentralanticholinergicactivity

E.blocksthecentral5-HTreceptor

Themechanismbywhich26.H1receptorblockersproducecentralinhibitionis

A.blocksthecentralH1receptor

B.excitatorycentralcholinergicreceptor

C.isinvolvedintheactionofquinidine

D.isrelatedtocentralanticholinergicactivity

E.blocksthecentral5-HTreceptor

27.whatistheantishockeffectofglucocorticoid?

A.dilatation,contraction,contractionofbloodvessels,andenhancementofmyocardialcontractility

B.stabilizedlysosomalmembranesandreducedthereleaseofcardiacinhibitoryfactors

C.improvesthebody'stolerancetobacterialendotoxins

D.reducesthesensitivityofthebloodvesseltocertainvasoconstrictorsubstances

E.andexotoxin

28.whichofthefollowingisnotacontraindicationtocorticosteroids?

A.sufferedfromseverementalillness

B.activepepticulcer,newgastrointestinalanastomosis

C.nonspecifickeratitis

D.traumarepairperiod,fracture

E.severehypertensionanddiabetesmellitus

Twenty-nine

Theeffectofglucocorticoidsonthehematopoieticsystemisincorrect

A.stimulatesbonemarrowhematopoiesisandincreasesredbloodcellsandhemoglobin

B.increasedthenumberofneutrophils

C.enhancedneutrophilinfiltrationandphagocytosisintheinflammatoryregion

D.causeshyperplasiaoftheadrenalglandduringadrenalinsufficiency

E.improvesfibrinogenconcentrationandshortenscoagulationtime

30.themainpurposeofglucocorticoidsinthetreatmentofacutesevereinfectionsis

A.increasesbodyresistance

B.increasesstressintheorganism

C.reducesinflammation

D.reducessequelae

E.relievessymptomsandhelpsthepatientpassthecriticalperiod

Themainpharmacologicalbasisforthecompatibilityof31.clavulanicacidwithamoxicillinis

A.canmakeoralabsorptionofamoxicillinbetter

B.canreduceamoxicillinsecretionfromrenaltubules

C.canreducethedosageofamoxicillinandreducethetoxicity

D.clavulanicacidhasbroadantibacterialspectrumandstrongantibacterialactivity

E.clavulanicacidinhibitsbetalactamases

32.、thefirstchoiceforthetreatmentofsyphilisandleptospirosisis

A.erythromycin

B.tetracycline

C.chloramphenicol

D.penicillin

E.Norfloxacin

33.ofthemostpowerfulcephalosporinresistantPseudomonasaeruginosais

A.cefoxitin

B.ceftazidime

C.,montelukast

D.cefotaxime

E.cefuroxime

34.whichofthefollowingdrugscausesreversiblevestibularresponses?

A.tetracycline

B.minocycline

C.doxycycline

D.oxytetracycline

E.

35.insensitivetotetracyclinearethepathogens

A.gram-positivecocci

B.tuberclebacillus

C.Gram-negativebacteria

D.Mycoplasmapneumoniae

RickettsiaE.

36.thefirstchoiceforthetreatmentoftyphoidandparatyphoidis

A.chloramphenicol

B.tetracycline

C.oxytetracycline

D.doxycycline

E.ampicillin

37.,themaintoxicityisretrobulbarneuritisofantituberculosisdrugs

A.isoniazid

B.streptomycin

C.pyrazinamide

TheD.ofrifampicin

E.ethambutol

38.theantibacterialmechanismofrifampinis

A.inhibitsthesynthesisofbacterialbranchingacids

B.inhibitsthesynthesisofbacterialfolate

C.inhibitsbacterialDNAhelicase

D.inhibitsbacteriadependentontheRNApolymeraseofDNA

E.inhibitsthesynthesisofbacterialproteins

39.,themedicinethathasthefunctionofprotectinggastricmucosais

Asucralfate

Bmetronidazole

Clactasin

Domeprazole

Esodiumbicarbonate

40.thepharmacologicalactionofoxytocinis

Asmallamountofagentforoxytocinandabortionpalacecould

Bcanbeusedforpostpartumhemostasis

Coxytocinhasantidiureticactivityandcanbeusedforthetreatmentofdiabetesinsipidus

TheclinicaluseofDissimilartoergotalkaloids

Ein