软件工程导论 第5版考试知识点汇集.docx

软件工程导论 第5版考试知识点汇集.docx

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软件工程导论第5版考试知识点汇集

软件工程导论（第5版）考试知识点汇集（Introductiontosoftwareengineering（FifthEdition）examknowledgecollection）

Thefirstchapterisintroductiontosoftwareengineering

1.1softwarecrisis:

aseriesofseriousproblemsencounteredintheprocessofsoftwaredevelopmentandmaintenance.

Inthefollowingaspects:

（1）theuserisdifficulttosatisfiedwiththesoftware.

（2）thequalityofsoftwareproductsareoftenunreliable.

（3）generalsoftwaredifficulttomaintain.

（4）thesoftwareproductionefficiencyisverylow.

（5）thecostofsoftwaredevelopmentismoreandmorebig.

（6）thecostofsoftwaredevelopmentandprogressisdifficulttoestimate.

（7）thedevelopmentofthesoftwaretechnologycannotmeetthepopularityofcomputerapplicationandthoroughneed.

Definition2.software:

softwareisanotherpartofthecomputersystemisinterdependentwiththehardware,itisincludingtheprocedures,collectionofdataandrelateddocumentscomplete.Software=program+data+document

1.2.softwareengineeringdefinition:

toguidethedevelopmentandmaintenanceofcomputersoftwareengineering.

Thebasicprincipleofsoftwareengineering,4:

1）withthephasesofthelifecycleplanstrictmanagement

2）toreviewstage

3）strictcontrolproducts

4）theadoptionofmoderndesigntechnology

5）theresultsshouldbeabletoclearlyreview

6）thedevelopmentteamshouldbefewbutgood.

7）acknowledgetheneedforcontinuousimprovementofsoftwareengineeringpractice

5.methodsofSoftwareEngineeringScience

Usuallysetasetoftechnicalmethodsusedinthewholeprocessinthelifecycleofsoftwarecalledmethodology.

Threeelements:

softwareengineeringtools,methodsandprocess.

Thetraditionalmethod;objectorientedmethod.

1.3thesoftwarelifecycle

A,feasibilityanalysisanddevelopmentplan:

determinethedevelopmentgoalsandthefeasibilityofthesoftware.

Bdemandanalysis:

onthedevelopmentofsoftwareisfeasible,thedetailedanalysisofthevariousfunctionsofthesoftwaretoachieve.

Cdesign（outlinedesignanddetaileddesign）:

mainlybasedontheresultofrequirementanalysis,designofthesoftwaresystem,suchassystemframeworkdesign,databasedesignandsoon.

D,encoding:

thesoftwaredesignresultsintocomputerrunningprogramcode.

Etest:

togothroughrigoroustestinginthesoftwaredesigniscompleted,tofoundinthewholedesignprocessofsoftwareproblemsandcorrect.

Fmaintenance:

completedinsoftwaredevelopmentandputintouse,duetovariousreasons,thesoftwarecannotcontinuetoadapttotherequirementsoftheusers.

1.4softwareprocess

1.:

thetraditionalwaterfallmodelisaholisticdevelopmentmodel,focusonthelatestageinthedevelopmentprocessofthephysicalimplementation,usersseetheirproductsattheendofthecan.

2.rapidprototypingmodel:

theusercangiveacompleteandaccuratedescriptionofthedemandsituation,accordingtothegroupofthebasicneedsofusers,therapidconstructionofaprototype（software）,andthenevaluatethefurtherrefinementandadjustmentofprototype,whichmeettherequirementsoftheusers,developerswillalsomakebetterdounderstand.

3.:

theincrementalmodelisagradualdevelopmentandgraduallyimprovethesoftwareversionofthemodel.

4.spiralmodel:

thespiralmodelistheorganiccombinationofthewaterfallmodel,prototypemodelandincrementmodel,whileincreasingtheriskanalysis

Thesecondchapteristhefeasibilitystudy

Objective:

todeterminewhetherthe2.1feasibilitystudywasproposedintheproblemdefinitionproblemstosolutions,

Inthelimitedconditions,cansolvetheproblem.

Thefeasibilitystudyofthetask:

（1）furtheranalysisandclarificationofthedefinitionoftheproblem,basedontheclarificationonthelogicmodelofthesystemarederived;

（2）fromthesystemlogicmodel,severalkindsofmainsolutionselectionproblem,feasibilitystudyofeachkindofmethod,putforwardsuggestionsforfutureaction;

（3）iftheproblemisnotaviablesolution,proposedtostopsystemdevelopment;iftheproblemhasafeasiblesolution,weshouldrecommendabettersolution,andtodevelopapreliminaryplanfortheproject.

2.2feasibilitystudycontent:

（1）:

thetechnicalfeasibilityofexistingtechnologycanrealizethesystem,theexistingtechnicalstaffcando,canmeetthedevelopmentofsystemresources;

（2）economicfeasibility:

theeconomicbenefitsarebeyondthecostofdevelopment;

（3）operationalfeasibility:

intheoperatingsystemofinternaluserOK?

（4）thelegalfeasibility:

developmentofnewsystemswouldinfringecollectiveornationalinterests,whethertheviolationofnationallaws.

Feasibilitystudyonthesteps?

（1）reviewsystemscopeandobjectives;

（2）ofthesystemcurrentlyinuse,summarizetheexistingsystem,putforwardthenewprototypesystem;

（3）highlevellogicmodeltoderivenewsystem;

（4）recommendationscheme;

（5）therecommendedcourseofaction;

（6）writingplan（feasibilityreport）;

（7）submittedforreview.

Figure2.3flowsystem:

Graphicalsymbolsforeachcomponentofthesystemdescribedbyblackboxform

2.5datadictionary:

acollectionofallobjectsandtherelationshipbetweentheinformationinthedatabase.

Methods:

thedataoftop-downdecomposition,whendecomposedtonotneedfurtherdefined,andeachprojectrelatedpeopleareawareofitsmeaningelement,thenthedecompositionprocessisover.

2.6costbenefitanalysiscostestimation:

thecostofsoftwaredevelopmentmainlyforhumanconsumption

Methodofcost/benefitanalysis:

firstestimatesofcostsandbenefits;andthencomparethecostsandbenefits,judgingfromtheeconomicpointofviewisdeveloped.1,thetimevalueofmoney;2,investmentrecoveryperiod;3,netincomeof4,investmentrecoveryrate.

Thethirdchapter:

demandanalysis

3.1,requirementsanalysis

Task:

toaccuratelydefinethetargetsystemofthefuture,inordertodeterminewhatmustbedonetomeettheneedsofusersofthesystem.

Demand:

businessrequirements;userrequirements;systemrequirements;

3.2,tocommunicatewiththeuserdemandacquisitionmethod:

A,B,datafloworientedinterviews;top-downrefinement

C,facilitatedApplicationSpecificationTechniques;D,quicklysetupasoftwareprototype

3.3,modelingandspecificationanalysis

Consistsof:

（1）Introduction:

writingbackgroundandobjectivedescription,definitionsandreferences.

（2）themainfunction,constraintsorspecialneeds.

（3）thedataflowdiagramanddatadictionary.

（4）userinterface,hardwareinterfaceandsoftwareinterface.

（5）performancerequirements,propertiesetc..

（6）otherrequirements,suchasdatabase,operationandtroubleshootingetc..

1）modelingandanalysis

Model

Inordertounderstandthingsofthingstomakeanabstract,isanunambiguouswrittendescriptionofthings

Consistsofasetofsymbolsandrulesoftheorganizationofthesesymbols.

Modelingmethod

Thedatamodelandentityrelationshipdiagram;?

-functionmodelofdataflowgraph;behaviormodelstatetransitiondiagram

2）thesoftwarerequirementsspecification

Usuallyusenaturallanguage+model,complete,accurateandspecificdescriptionofsystemdatarequirements,functionalrequirements,performancerequirements,reliabilityandavailabilityrequirements,errorhandlingrequirements,interfacerequirements,constraints,andreversedemandwhichmaybeinthefuture.

3.4,entityrelationshipdiagram（E-Rdiagram）

Thefifthchapter:

theoveralldesign

5.1designprocess

Thesystemdesignstage:

todeterminethespecificimplementationofthesystem;;structuredesignstage:

todeterminethestructureofthesoftware

Themaintaskofthedesignistocompletethedesignofsoftwarestructure,determinetherelationshipbetweenmoduleandmoduleofthesystem.

5.2designprinciple

The1.module:

theprogramisdividedintoindependentnamingandindependentaccessmodule,eachmoduletocompleteasubfunctionofthemodulesareintegratedtogethertoformawhole,completefunctionandmeettherequirementsofusers.

Abstract:

the2.essentialcharacteristicsofabstractaffairswhilenottoconsidertheirdetails.

3.stepbystep;4.informationhidingandlocalizationof5.independentmodules;

5.3heuristicrules:

1.improvethesoftwarestructuretoimprovethemoduleindependence

The2.modulesize

3.thepropercontrolofthedepthandwidth,fanoutandfanin

Scope4,moduleshouldbeincontroldomain.

5,reducethecomplexityofinterface

6,asingleentrysingle,avoidcoupling

7,themodulefunctioncanbepredicted

Thesixthchapter:

thedetaileddesign

6.1programdesign

Theclassicdefinition

Areconnectedonlythroughthesequence,selectionandcirculationof3kindsofbasiccontrolstructure,andeachcodeblockhasasingleentrance,singleexportcharacteristics

Comprehensivedefinition

AsfaraspossibletheuseofprogramdesignmethodoftheGOTOstatement.UsetheGOTOstatementisbestdetectedinerror,andshouldalwaysbeusedpriortotheGOTOstatement

Themaintaskofdetaileddesign?

Thesoftwaredetaileddesignspecification"softwaretocompletetheworkofthestaff:

（1）determinedbythealgorithmforeachmodule,chooseasuitabletoolforexpressingthealgorithmprocess,writedetailedprocessmoduledescription.

（2）todeterminethedatastructureofeachmodule.

（3）determinethemodulestructureindetail,includingthesystemexternalinterfaceanduserinterfaceofthesystem,internalinterfacemoduleandontheinputdata,outputdataandlocaldataofallthedetails.

（4）foreachmoduledesignasetoftestcases,sothatintheencodingstageofthemodulecode（i.e.program）scheduledfortesting.

Programcontrolstru