英语 高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx

英语 高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx

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英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析

（英语）高中英语阅读理解（科普环保）试题（有答案和解析）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

   Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.

   Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.

   Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.

   NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”

   Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.

（1）WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?

A. Adigitalteachertaughtthem.                        B. Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.

C. Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.         

D. Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.

（2）Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?

A. Itcansmileback.                                             

B. Itcanusemicrophone.

C. Itcantalkanytopicforfree.                           

D. Itcanchangeifnecessary.

（3）What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?

A. Optimistic.                       B. Doubtful.                       C. Unclear.                       D. Disapproving.

（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A. NewHigh-techContributestoEducation

B. TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.

C. TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudents

D. NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。

由此可知，特殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以做出变化。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知，Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，从新学年开始，新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。

之后文章就此展开，由此可推断出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的标题。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.

   Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.

   Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.

   LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress（AP）that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.

   Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.

   JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.

   LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.

（1）WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?

A. Providebackgroundinformation.                  

B. Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.

C. Explainthereasonfortrash.                            D. Introduceanewtopic.

（2）Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?

A. TheWorldEconomicForum.                           

B. Demandofsomecompanies.

C. Zero-wastemodel.                                           

D. Themilkmanmodel.

（3）WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?

A. UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.                        B. SwitzerlandandBritain.

C. CanadaandBritain.                                         

D. FranceandCanada.

（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A. Anewshoppingmodel.                                  

B. Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.

C. Theworld'senvironmentalissue.                    

D. Theconcernsoffutureshopping.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，结合下文可知，作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知，Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去"送奶工模式"，是一种可以杜绝零浪费的模式。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.”可知，Loop计划在2020年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第三段中的“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

   Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition（转型）.

   Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

   Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms（indevelopedmarkets）andtelecomscompanies（inemergingones）aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

   Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

   Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks