届北京市各区高三英语一模二模试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解D篇 老师版带答案精准校对完美排版.docx

届北京市各区高三英语一模二模试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解D篇 老师版带答案精准校对完美排版.docx

《届北京市各区高三英语一模二模试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解D篇 老师版带答案精准校对完美排版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《届北京市各区高三英语一模二模试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解D篇 老师版带答案精准校对完美排版.docx（34页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

届北京市各区高三英语一模二模试题题型分类专题汇编阅读理解D篇老师版带答案精准校对完美排版

One【2018届北京市东城区高三英语一模试题】

第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

D

Thecruise（邮轮）tourismisthefastestgrowingindustryinthetravelindustry.Withrapidgrowthinthenumberofpassengers,thenumberofcruiseshipsatsea,andtheincreasedvarietyofdestinations,thefastgrowthintheindustryfollowswithincreasinginfluencesontheenvironment.

Likemanytravelindustries,thenegativeinfluencesontheenvironmentseemtooutweighthepositiveones.Eventhoughthecruiseindustryisrelativelysmallcomparedtotheairlineindustry,cruiseshipsandtheirpassengersgeneratemorewasteandpollutantemissions（排放物）whiletravellinganddockedinport.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,aone-weekvoyagegeneratesmorethan50tonsofgarbage,andduringthatsameweek3.78millionlitresofwastewaterisproduced.Thatiswaterwhichisharmfultotheoceanlifeandcannotbepouredbackintotheoceanwithoutbeingtreated.Thesenumbersaremultipliedbymorethan200cruiseshipssailingtheworld365daysayear.

Duetopollution,coralreefs（珊瑚礁）aretakingasignificantdamage.Thereare109countrieswithcoralreefs.In90ofthem,reefsarebeingdamagedbycruiseships.Itissaid70%ofcruisedestinationsareinthespotswiththeexistenceofawidevarietyofseaplantsandanimalspecies.

However,itisnottheamountofpollutiongeneratedbycruiseshipsthatismostconcerned,butrather,thewaycruiseshipsdealwiththeirwaste.Thewaycruiseshipsgetridofwasteishighlyunregulated.Wastecanbepouredafewshortmilesoffshore,whichislaterbroughtbacktoshoreduetooceancurrents.Inmostcases,therewasnomonitoringoradministrationfromlocalauthoritiesifcruiseshipsviolatedthepollutionstandards.Thecruiseindustrycontinuestopromoteitselfasenvironmentallyfriendly;thetruthis,therearemanyexamplesofcruiseshipsbreakingthelaw.

Processingwasteonboardisnotimpossibleforcruiseindustries.Sincetheincreasedharmfuleffectsontheenvironmenthavecometolight,somecruiseindustrieshavedonetheirpartandastechnologyincreases,theirabilitytobecomemoreeco-friendlyhasbecomethemostimportant.

HollandAmericanLinehasinvested$1.5millionintoaprogramcalledSeawaterScrubberPilot.Thisprogramlooksforopportunitiestoreduceengineemissiononitsships.TheSeaWaterScrubbersystemusesthenaturalchemistryofseawatertoremoveallharmfulmaterialsintheseawaterbeforeitispouredoverboard.Eventhoughitisonlyasmallstep,itmakesabigdifference.

Theenvironmentalimpactofthecruiseindustryonthedestinationhasnegativeeffects.However,witheffortmade,thereisstillhopethattheseeffectscanbelimited,oraswewish,reduced.

47.Whataddstocruiseships’pollution?

A.Lackofproperregulations.B.Growingsizeofcruiseships.

C.Servicesystemoncruiseships.D.Uselesswater-treatingprogram.

48.WhydidtheauthormentionHollandAmericanLine?

A.Tostressenvironmentalprotectionmatters.

B.Toevaluatetheeffectsofnaturalchemistry.

C.TointroducetheSeaWaterScrubbersystem.

D.Toprovesomeanti-pollutionmeasureworks.

49.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Influencesofcruisetourism.B.Problemsintouristindustry.

C.Consequenceofoceanpollution.D.Administrationofcruiseemissions.

50.Howisthepassagedeveloped?

A.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

B.Bydiscussingproblemsandsolutions.

C.Bycomparingbenefitsanddisadvantages.

D.Bypresentingsimilaritiesanddifferences.

Keys:

47-50ADAB

Two【2018届北京市东城区高三英语二模试题】

第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

D

Earthisexperiencingitssixthmassextinction:

somewherebetween30and159species（物种）disappeareveryday,andmorethan300typesofanimalshavediedoutsince1500.Thisisnotgoodforthefutureoflifeonourplanet,butwhatifwecouldmakesomeoftheextinctspeciescomebacktolife?

ThankstoongoingadvancesinDNArecoveryandcloningtechnology,de-extinctionmaysoonberealized,andwemayseeTasmanianTigers,orDodoBirdsbackintoexistenceinthenearfuture.

Somescientistsareconfidentandoptimisticaboutde-extinction.Theythinkthatthebestreasonsforde-extinctionhavemoretodowithecologythantourism.“Ifthisisalwaysgoingtobeazooanimal,thenstop,”saysBenNovak,theleadresearcheratRevive&Restore-afoundationdevotedtorescuingendangeredandextinctspeciesinSanFrancisco,California.“Thegoalshavetobeaboutecologicalrestorationandfunction.”

Takepassengerpigeonsforexample.Theirnumbersreachednearly5billionatthestartofthe19thcentury,andtheyplayedanimportantroleinshapingtheforeststheyinhabited（居住）.Aftertheirextinction,theforestshaveneverbeenthesame.“Thepassengerpigeonisaveryimportantecologicalspeciesifwewanttheiroriginalhabitatback,”Novaksays.

However,weneedtothinktwiceaboutNovak'sidea.Anynewscientificinitiativeisboundtohaverisks,soisde-extinction.Althoughsomeassumethatde-extinctionmayhelptheenvironment,wecan’tbesosure.Thede-extinctanimalswouldnowbestrangerstotheirhabitats.Asthehabitatisnolongerwhatitwas,thespeciesrolewithintheecosystemmayhavealsochanged.Thiscouldbeactuallyathreattotheotherspecieswithintheenvironmentasthede-extinctanimalsentertheareaandcompeteforfoodsources.Onceagainwe’retryingtoforcenaturetoactinacertainway,ratherthanlettingitremainnatural.

Manyscientistsalsobelievethatpriorities（优先权）wouldchangewithintheconservationofcurrentlyendangeredspecies.Wouldwestillputintheefforttopreservelivinganimalsifweknewwecouldjustmagicallybringthembackfrom-thedead?

DouglasMcCauley,anecologistatUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,stressesthisworry.“Honestly,thethingthatscaresmemostisthatthepublicabsorbsthemisimpressionthatextinctionisnolongerscary.Thegeneralattitudebecomes:

Deforest,noworry,wecanreforest.Ifwedrivesomethingextinct,noworry,wecande-extinctit.”saidMcCauley.

Itseemsthatwiththesubjectofde-extinction,wemustlookatourreasonsfordoingsuchathing.Yes,wemay,inthenearfuture,beabletode-extincttheextinctspecies.Butdoesthatmeanweshould?

Aretherisksreallyworthit?

Doesitmakesensetofocusonthedeadthantheliving?

Andwhoarewetrulybenefitingintheend?

47.BenNovakprobablyagreesthat

A.thevalueofde-extinctionliesintourism

B.de-extinctanimalsareunfittoliveinthezoo

C.de-extinctionresultsfr

omthechangeofecosystem

D.de-extinctionaimstobringbackformerenvironment

48.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph5?

A.People'simpressionsonlostspecies.

B.Changeofpublicattitudestowardsde-extinction.

C.Importanceoftheconservationoflivinganimals.

D.Effectsofde-extinctionontheprotectionofendangeredspecies.

49.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardde-extinction?

A.Optimistic.C.Neutral.B.Doubtful.D.Supportive.

50.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

I:

IntroductionP:

PointSp:

Sub-point（次要点）C:

Conclusion

Keys:

47-50DDBA

Three【2018届北京市西城区高三英语一模试题】

第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

D

Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifitbroke,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Inthedigitalage,however,ownershiphasbecomemoreslippery.Sincethecomingofsmartphones,consumershavebeenforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Asadigitalchainiswrappedevermoretightlyaroundmoredevices,suchascarsandthermostats,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.

Thetrendisnotalwaysharmful.Manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotbreakdown,supportenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwarefortheowners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Teslaremotelyupdatedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.

Butthemoredigitalstringsareattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontrolleanstowardsproducersandawayfromowners.Thatcanbeinconvenient.Pickingacarishardenough,butharderstillifyouhavetodiguptheinstructionsthattellyouhowuseislimitedandwhatdatayoumustgive.Iftheproductsareintentionallydesignednottolastlong,itcanalsobeexpensive.Already,itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeextremelyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.

Privacyisalsoatrisk.UsersbecometerrifiedwheniRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutalsocreatesadigitalmapoftheinsideofahomethatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisers（thoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso）.Caseslikethisshouldremindpeoplehowjealouslytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrightsandcontrolwhousesthedatathatiscollected.

Ownershipisnotabouttogoaway,butitsmeaningischanging.Thisrequirescarefulinspection.Devices,byandlarge,aresoldonthebasisthattheyenablepeopletodowhattheywant.Totheextenttheyarecontroll