计算机专业毕业设计之外文翻译.docx

计算机专业毕业设计之外文翻译.docx

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计算机专业毕业设计之外文翻译

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx大学

TianjinUniversityofUniversityandUniversity

毕业设计

（译文）

专业:

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班级学号：

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学生姓名：

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指导教师：

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二〇一四年六月

Databasehistory

Thedatabanktechnologyfromthebirthtothepresent,inhalfcentury'stime,hasformedthesolidrationale,thematurecommercialproductandthewidespreadapplicationdomain,attractionmoreandmoreresearchersjoins.Thedatabasebirthandthedevelopmenthavebroughtahugerevolutionforthecomputerinformationmanagement.Morethan30foryears,domesticandforeignalreadydevelopedhaveconstructedtensofthousandsofdatabases,ithasbecometheenterprise,thedepartmentandevenindividualroutinework,theproductionandthelifeinfrastructure.Atthesametime,alongwithapplicationexpansionandthorough,databasequantityandthescalearegettingbiggerandbigger,thedatabaseresearchareaalsoalreadygreatlydevelopedbroadanddeepens.during30yearsthedatabasedomainhasobtainedthreecomputerTuring（C.W.Bachman,E.F.Codd,J.Gray）,explainedfullythedatabaseisonevitalandtheinnovativespiritdomain.Letsusalongthehistoricalpath,tracesthedatabasethedevel.

TheDatamanagementofbirth

Thedatabasehistorymaytrace50yearsago,atthattimedatamanagementwassimple.Throughmassiveclassified,thecomparisonandtheformplan'smachinerunseveralmillionpunchedcardcarriesonthedataprocessing,itsmovementresultprintsonthepaperormakesthenewpunchedcard.Butthedatamanagementiscarriesonphysicaltoallthesepunchedcardthestorageandprocessing.

However,RemingtonRandCorporation（RemingtonRandInc.）onekindwascalledtheUnivacIcomputertopromoteonekindofonesecondtobepossibletoinputseveralhundredrecordsthetapedrives,thushasinitiatedthedatamanagementrevolutionin1951.IBMproducedfirstdiskdriver-theModel305RAMACin1956.Thisdriverhas50disksheets,eachdisksheetdiameteris2feet,maystoreup5MBthedata.Usesthefloppydiskbiggestadvantageismaydepositandwithdrawthedatastochastically,butthepunchedcardandthemagnetictapecanonlythesequentialaccessdata.

CullinaneCorporation（wasalsoafterwardCullinetsoftwarecompany）in1973,startedtosellGoodrichCorporation'sIDMSimprovementedition,andbecameatthattimeingraduallytheworldthebiggestsoftwarecompany.

TheRelationaldatabaseoftheorigin

Thenetteddatabaseandtheleveldatabasewellhadalreadysolvedthedatacentralismandthesharingquestion,butstillhadinthedataindependenceandtheabstractrankisverygreatlydefective.Theuserwhencarriesonthedeposittothesetwokindofdatabases,stillneededtobeclearaboutthedatathememorystructure,pointsouttheaccesspath.Thenappearstherelationaldatabasehassolvedtheseproblemswell.

In1970,IBMResearcherDr.E.F.Codd“CommunicationoftheACM”onhaspublishednamedinthepublication“ARelationalModelofDataforLargeSharedDataBanks”thepaper,proposedrelationalmodel'sconcept,haslaidtherelationalmodelrationale.AlthoughbeforeChildsalreadyproposedfacethesetmodelin1968,howeverthispaperwasrevealedgenerallyisinthedatabasesystemhistoryhastheepoch-makingsignificancemilestone.TheCoddwishisforadatabasecreationexquisitedatamodel.AfterwardCoddoneafteranotherpublishedmanyarticles,elaboratedthemodeltheoryandtheweightrelationalsystem's12standards,haslaidtherelationaldatabasefoundationwiththemathematicaltheory.Therelationalmodelhasthestrictmathematicsfoundation,theabstractrankisquitehigh,moreoversimpleclear,isadvantageousfortheunderstandingandtheuse.Butatthattimealsosomepeoplethoughtthattherelationalmodelistheidealizeddatamodel,usesfortorealizeDBMSisnotrealistic,especiallytheworryrelationaldatabase'sperformanceacceptswithdifficulty,somepeopleregardedittoatthattimetocarryonthenetteddatabasestandardizationworkthreatenseriously.Inordertopromotetothequestiontheunderstanding,theACMcoordinationorganizedaseminarin1974,atthemeetingtodeveloprespectivelytakeCoddandBachmanashead'ssupportandtheoppositionrelationaldatabasetwoschoolofbetweendebates.Thisfamousdebatepromotedtherelationaldatabasedevelopment,causesittoendinthemoderndatabaseproductthemainstream.

Structuredquerylanguage（SQL）

In1974,IBMRayBoyceandDonChamberlindisplayedtheCoddrelationaldatabase's12criterion'smathematicsdefinitionsbythesimplekeywordsgrammar,themilestonetypeproposedSQL（StructuredQueryLanguage）thelanguage.TheSQLlanguage'sfunctionincludingtheinquiry,theoperation,thedefinitionandthecontrol,isonecomprehensive,thegeneralrelationaldatabaselanguage,simultaneouslyisalsoonekindofaltitudenon-proceduringlanguage,onlyrequeststheusertopointoutthatmakesanything,butdoesnotneedtopointouthowtodo.TheSQLintegrationhasrealizedinthedatabaselifecyclecompleteoperation.SQLprovidedhascarriedontheinteractivemethodwiththerelationaldatabase,itmightworktogetherwiththestandardprogramminglanguage.Fromhasthedate,theSQLlanguagehasthenbecometheexaminationrelationaldatabasetouchstone,butSQLlanguagestandard'seachchangeisinstructingtherelationaldatabaseproductdevelopmentdirection.However,untilthemid-1970s.

AtpresenttheSQLstandardhas3editions.ThebasicSQLdefinitionisANSIX3135-89,“DatabaseLanguage-SQLwithIntegrityEnhancement”[ANS89],iscalledSQL-89generally.SQL-89hasdefinedthemodedefinition,thedatamanipulationandbusinessprocesses.SQL-89andafterwardANSIX3168-1989,“DatabaseLanguage-EmbeddedSQL”constitutedthefirstgenerationofSQLstandard.ANSIX3135-1992[ANS92]describedonekindofenhancementfunctionSQL,nowiscalledtheSQL-92standard.SQL-92includingpatternoperation,dynamicenhancementcharacteristicsandsoonfoundationandSQLsentencedynamicexecution,networkenvironmentsupport.AftercompletingtheSQL-92standard,ANSIandISOnamelystarttocooperatedeveloptheSQL3standard.TheSQL3mainfeatureliesintheabstractdatatypethesupport,hasprovidedthestandardforthenewgenerationobjectrelationshipdatabase.

Object-orienteddatabase

Technologyisverymature,butitslimitationisalsoobvious:

Itcanprocessso-called“theformdata”well,moreandmorecomplextype'sdatawhichappearstothetechnicalfieldsareactuallyhelpless.Afterthe90s,thetechnicalfieldshasbeenstudyingandseeksthenewdatabasesystem.Butinanythingisinthenewdatabasesystem'sdevelopmentdirectionquestion,theindustrialfieldoncewasquitepuzzled.Atthattimetechnicalunrestinfluence,inquiteperiodoftime,peoplemassiveenergyflowerinresearch“object-orienteddatabasesystem（objectorienteddatabase）”orabbreviation“OOdatabasesystem”Whatisworthmentioning,AmericanProfessorStonebrakerproposedtheobject-orientedrelationsdatabasetheoryoncereceivedtheindustrialfieldthefavor.ButStonebrakermyselfatthattimewasalsohiredbytheInformixflowerhighpriceforthetechnicaltotalpersonincharge.

However,severalyear'sdevelopmentindicatedthattheobject-orientedrelationsdatabasesystemproduct'smarketdevelopment'ssituationisnotideal.Perfecttheoreticallyhasnotbroughtthemarketthewarmresponse.Itnotsuccessfulprimarycauselies,thiskindofdatabaseproduct'smaindesignconceptistheattemptsubstitutesfortheexistingdatabasesystemwiththenewdatabasesystem.Thistomanyalreadyandaccumulatedthemuchworkdatacustomerusingdatabasesystemmanyyears,particularlythebigcustomer,isunablethegiantworkloadwhichandthelargeamountexpenditurewithstandsduringtherecentlegacydatathetransformationtobring.Moreover,theobject-orientedrelationsdatabasesystemcausesthequerylanguagebecomesextremelycomplex,thuscauses,regardlessofbeingthedatabasedevelopmentbusinessregardsitscomplexappliedtechnologyusingthecustomeristheperilousundertaking.

Datamanagementofthetransformation

Inthe1960slaterperiodpresentedonekindofnewdatabasesoftware:

Decisionsupportprogram（DSS）,itsgoalisletsthesuperintendentusethedatamessageeffectivelyinthedecision-makingprocess.Thereforein1970,firston-lineanalysisprocessingtool-Expresswasborn.Otherdecisionsupportsystemfollows,manyaredevelopsbycompany'sITdepartment.

In1985,thefirstcommerceintelligentsystem（businessintelligence）wasProcter&GambleCorporationdevelopsbytheMetaphorcomputersystemLimitedcompany,wasmainlyusesfortoconnectthesalesmessageandtheretailsalesscannerdata.Inthesameyear,thePilotsoftwarecompanystartstosellthefirstcommercialcustomer/servertocarryoutinformationsystem-CommandCenter.

Similarlyinthisyear,theUCBerkeleybranchschoolIngresprojectevolvesPostgres,itsgoaldevelopsanobject-orienteddatabase.Hereafteroneyear,GraphaelCorporationhasdevelopedfirstcommercialobjectdatabasesystem-Gbase.

In1988,IBMCorporation'sresearcherBarryDevlinandPaulMurphyhaveinventedanewterminology-informationwarehouse,afterward,theITmanufacturerstartstoconstructtheexperimentaldatawarehouse.in1991,W.H.“Bill”Inmonhaspublishedabook“howdoesconstructthedatawarehouse”thebook,causesthedatawarehousetostarttoapplytruly.

1991:

W.H.“Bill”Inmonhaspublished“theconstructiondatawarehouse”.

Inthe1990s,alongwithbasedonthePCcustomer/servercomputationpatternandtheenterprisesoftwarepackage'swidespreaduse,