精选初中七年级下册科学第3章 运动和力第7节 压强浙教版知识点练习含答案解析十二.docx
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精选初中七年级下册科学第3章运动和力第7节压强浙教版知识点练习含答案解析十二
2019年精选初中七年级下册科学第3章运动和力第7节压强浙教版知识点练习【含答案解析】十二
第1题【单选题】
某同学双脚站在地面上时对地面的压强是2×10^4Pa,这就是说()
A、1m^2地面上受到的压强是4×10^4Pa
B、该同学对地面的压力是4×10^4N
C、1m^2地面上受到的压力有4×10^4N
D、单位面积地面上受到的压力是2×10^4N
【答案】:
【解析】:
第2题【单选题】
50帕表示的意义是()
A、每平方米面积所受的压力是50帕
B、每平方米面积所受的压强是50帕
C、每平方米面积所受的压力是50牛
D、每平方米面积所受的压强是50牛
【答案】:
【解析】:
第3题【单选题】
当火车驶过时,人站在安全线以内,即使与火车保持一定的距离,也非常危险,以下现象不能用解释此现象的规律解释的是()
A、风沿着窗外的墙面吹过时,窗口悬挂的窗帘会飘向窗外
B、用吸管把饮料吸进嘴里
C、大风会把不牢固的屋顶掀翻
D、护航编队各船只多采用前后行驶而非并排行驶
【答案】:
【解析】:
第4题【单选题】
2014年1月13日,我国“饱和潜水”首次突破300米,成功抵达深海313.15米处,居世界领先地位。
在海水300米深处,海水产生的压强约为(海水密度取ρ=1.0×10^3kg/m^3,g取10N/kg)()
A、3×10^4Pa
B、3×10^5Pa
C、3×10^6Pa
D、3×10^7Pa
【答案】:
【解析】:
第5题【单选题】
有些轿车的尾部安装了导流板,如图所示。
它的作用主要是在轿车高速行驶时,增加对地面的压力,提高车轮的抓地性能,则导流板横截面的形状是()
A、
B、
C、
D、
【答案】:
【解析】:
第6题【单选题】
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
【答案】:
【解析】:
第7题【填空题】
“阳光动力2号”为目前世界上最大的太阳能飞机.该飞机的表面使用一种碳纤维材料,其承载能力比一般材料更好,但质量仅与一辆小型汽车相差无几.飞机依靠两翼上安装的太阳能电池板为直流电动机提供动力,同时对能量密度为0.25kw?
h/kg的锂电池充电以保证夜间或阴雨天不间断飞行.
机身采用的碳纤维材料具有硬度大、______小的物理属性.
该飞机的升空原理与热气球的升空原理______(选填“相同”或“不相同”).
太阳能电池板颜色设计成深色是为了更好地______(选填“吸收”、“折射”或“反射”)太阳光.
若装配的锂电池质量为600kg,其充满电时能储存的电能为______J.
【答案】:
【解析】:
第8题【填空题】
小明取一根吸管,在离吸管末端三分之一处剪一水平切口P,从切口处折弯吸管。
把吸管放进水中,让切口离水面约2~3厘米,用力吹气,如图所示,发现切口处有水沿水平方向喷出。
利用课本中的知识,小明发现是由于往管中吹气,切口P处气体流速______,压强______,杯中的水在外界大气压作用下沿吸管上升到切口P处,上升的水在长管气流的作用下,沿水平方向喷出。
【答案】:
【解析】:
第9题【解答题】
某品牌太阳能汽车如图,在景区接送游客。
车轮与地面的总接触面积为2.0×10^-2m^2,该汽车对水平地面的压强2.5×10^5Pa,求该车对地面的压力多大?
某次运送游客时,该车以18km/h的速度在水平路面上匀速行驶3.6km,此时该车的输出功率为800W。
求:
此过程中该车受到的阻力多大?
牵引力所做的功多大?
【答案】:
无
【解析】:
第10题【解答题】
超高压水刀是一种新技术产品,一般由水泵、射流发生装置、工作机构等组成.它将普通水经过多级增压后,通过一个极细的喷嘴喷出一道高速“水箭”,可以对坚硬物体实施切割,如图所示.某超高压水刀喷嘴横截面积S=5×10^﹣8m2,喷水速度v=800m/s,高速“水箭”对该切割面的压强p=300MPa.已知水泵电机功率P=20kW,水的密度ρ=1.0×10^3kg/m^3.求:
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水刀正常工作1min消耗的电能
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高速“水箭”对切割面的压力
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