Djyadm专升本英语复习资料.docx

Djyadm专升本英语复习资料.docx

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Djyadm专升本英语复习资料

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔

SubjunctiveMood

With“if”

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.

IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.

Ifwehadheardofhisarrival,weshould/wouldhaveinvitedhimtoourhouseformeal.

Ifyouhadbeenattheconcert,Imighthaveseenyou.

Ifsheshouldcometous,shewouldanswerthesequestions.

Ifheweretodothistest,hemightdoitinsomeotherway.

Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.

Without“if”

Shouldtheyforgettobringacompasswiththem,theywouldgetlostinthewoods.

Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,wouldhavelostallpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.

Wereheyounger,hewouldlearnskating.

Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.

Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.

Wereitnotfor/Haditnotfor…要不是，若没有

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.

Intheabsenceofmathematics,sciencewouldnotexist.

Butforthedoctor’sskill,hewouldhavedied.

含蓄条件句

Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.=Itwouldbeamistakeifwedidnothelphim.

Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.

Alittlemorecarewouldhavepreventedsuchanaccident.

Iwasillthatday.Otherwise（=IfIhadn’tbeenillthat）,Iwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.

Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.上下文

名词性从句中

MaryinsistedthatJohncome.

Mysuggestionisthatwesendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups.

ItisrequestedthatMrSmithgiveaperformanceattheparty.

Itisvitalthatshebewarnedbeforeitistoolate.

Itisstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.奇怪的是他居然不辞而别。

Suggest

Propose

Recommend

Order

Command

Demand

Request

Desire

Require

Insist

Prefer

Move

Urge

Ask

Necessary

Important

vital

Imperative

Essential

Natural

Strange

Itis（high/about）time（that）…

I/We/She…wouldrather/wouldjustassoon…

Itistimethatwewenttobed.

Itishightimewewenttothelaboratory.

Shewouldratherwedidn’tseeeachotheranymore.

I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.

With“wish”

IwishIhadn’tlostmypen.

IwishIwereyoungagain.

Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore.

Ifonlyhehadstayedwithus!

=Iwishhehadstayedwithus.

IfonlyIknewmore!

=IwishIknewmore.

asif/asthough

Theelectriccurrentflowsthroughaconductorasthoughitwereafluid.

Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.

ItsoundsasifthemusicisAfrican.

Itlooksasifweshallhavetowalkhome.

Itsounds/looks/seems/smells/feels/tastes…

incase,lest,forfearthat

Theyoungdriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestitshouldgowrongontheway.

PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.

Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatitshouldbedamaged.

wh-ever,whether…or…在正式文体中

Whateverbetheconsequenceofmyexperiment,Iamresolvedtojudgewithmyowneyes.

Whicheverbethecase,hersister’ssituationremainedthesame.

Whetherhesucceedorfail,itwillnotmattertome.

Behefriendorenemy,thelawregardshimasacriminal.

Infinitive

StructureandForm

Ihavealotofworktodo.

Shehadnoneedtobeworrying.

HeissaidtohaveleftShanghai.

ThepresidentwasreportedtohavebeenflyingacrosstheAtlantic.

Wedecidednottobuythathouse.

PassiveForm

Themattertobediscussedatthemeetingisahardnuttocrack.

Theywereallwaitingforthegatetobeopened.

Heissuretohavebeentaughtbyagoodmusician.

Iamsorryforthearticlenottohavebeenfinishedintime.

ActiveorPassive

Isitpossibleforourhopestoberealized?

Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.

Thereisnotmuchworktodo/tobedone.

Atomsaretoosmalltosee/tobeseen.

?

Dirtywaterisnastytobedrunk.

?

Thequestionisdifficulttobeanswered.

acomfortablehousetolivein

adifficultproblemtodealwith

IsolatedForm

Tobefrank,Ihatetoworkforsuchaperson.

Tohearhimtalk,youwouldthinkheisamillionaire.

Totellyouthetruth,Idon’twanttoleavehere.

Tocutalongstoryshort,themountainclimbersreachedthepeakatnoon.

Tostart/beginwith…

Tobeexact,…

Omissionof“to”

（1）

Youmustdoasyou’retold.

Weneedn’tstaythisevening.

Wedon’tneedtostaythisevening.

Idaren’tgothere.

Idonotdaretogothere.

Omissionof“to”

（2）

Itissuretorain.

Haveyougottogotothedentist’stoday?

You’dbetterhavethatbadtoothpulledout.

Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.

Omissionof“to”（3）

I’drathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.

I’dsoonerstayathome.

Iwouldassoondoitbymyself.

Sinceit’safinedaywemightaswellwalk.

Wecouldnotbutweepatthesadnews.

Youcan’thelpbutrespectthem.

Omissionof“to”（4）

Hewouldratherlistentoothersthantalkhimself.

Hewouldsoonerplaythanwork.

Iwouldjustassoonstayasgo.

Omissionof“to”（5）

Ratherthancausetrouble,heleft.

Soonerthanmarrythatman,shewouldearnherlivingasawaitress.

Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.

Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.

Omissionof“to”（6）

Let’smakebelieve假装wehaveamilliondollars.

Wehadn’ttimeforluncheon,butwemadedowith/on凑合/将就sandwiches.

Heletfall/drop有意无意地说出ahintofhisintentions.

Don’tlet/leavego（of）放开/放手thehandle.

Wemustn’tletslip有意无意地说出suchanopportunity.

Johnletfly斥骂atorrentofabuseatme.

Omissionof“to”（7）

Hewon’thaveuscriticizehiswork.

Abbeymadehimstaytotea.

Wecan’tletthisgoon.

Hewasmadetostaytotea.

Thiscan’tbelettogoon.

Omissionof“to”（8）

Thetwoboysweresorryindeedtoseehimgo.

Theydidn’tobserveChristinecomeinandgoupstairs.

Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast.

Wefeelthehouseshake.

Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeopletalk?

Hewasseentoenterthebuilding.

Omissionof“to”（9）

Ihaveneverknown（=seen）thatmansmile.

Haveyoueverknown（=heard）himtellalie?

Thatmanhasneverbeenknowntosmile.

Omissionof“to”（10）

Whyarguewithhim?

WhynotgiveMarysomeflowers?

Omissionof“to”（11）

Gopostaletterforme.=Goandpostaletterforme.

Imustgotelephone.

Comelook.

Tryeatalittle.

I’lltryhelphim.

With/Without“to”

（1）

Christinahardlyknewwhethertolaughor（to）cry.

Iwanthimtowritethesesentencesdownand（to）translatethemintoChinese.

Thiswillhelp（to）raisefarmyieldssteadily.

Thishelpedthem（to）adoptacorrectattitudetowardstheworkers.

With/Without“to”

（2）

Allyouhavetodoispushthebutton.

Allyouneeddonowiswashyourself.

Whatshewilldoisspoilthewholething.

Nowthethingforyoutodoisstayinbedandhavearest.

系动词be之前有动词do

With/Without“to”（3）

Ihavedonenothingexcepthelpwithdishes.

Thereisnochoicebuttowaituntilyouarerecovered.

Shelikestokeepthingsratherthantothrowthemaway.

Thereisnochoiceotherthantoreopenhiscase.

OmissionofInfinitive

IwenttherebecauseIwantedto（gothere）.

Idon’tdancemuchnow,butIusedto（dance）alot.

Ithinkheshouldgetajob,butyoucan’tforcehimtoifheisnotready（togetthejob）.

He’llneverleavehome:

hehasn’tgotthecourage（toleavehome）.

LogicalSubjectofInfinitive

Itisimportforyoutouseyourtimewisely.

=Itisimportantthatyouuseyourtimewisely.

Itwasbraveofhimtodivefromthecliff.

=Hewasbravetodivefromthecliff=Howbrave（itwas）ofhimtodivefromthecliff.

WiththePartybranchtoleadthem,theywillfinishthetaskaheadoftime.

“too…to…”andothers

Shespoketoofastforustofollow.

Wearenever/nottoooldtolearn.

Heistoosmartnottoseeyourpoint.

Heisbut/onlytoogladtojoinus.

Heistooready/apt/easy/inclined/willingtobecheated.

V-ingParticiple

Structure

Logicalsubjectof“V-ing”

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive

（1）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive

（2）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（3）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（4）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（5）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（6）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（7）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（8）

V-ingparticipleandinfinitive（9）

只接V-ing作宾语

enjoy,

finish,

suggest,

avoid（避免）,

excuse,

delay,

imagine,

keep,

miss,

consider,

admit（承认），

deny（否认）,

mind,

permit,

forbid,

practise,

risk（冒险）,

appreciate（感激）,

bebusy,

beworth,

feellike,

can'tstand,

can'thelp（情不自禁地）,

thinkof,dreamof,

befondof,

prevent…（from）,

keep…from,

stop…（from）

protect…from,

setabout,

beengagedin,

spend…（in）,

succeedin,

beusedto,

lookforwardto,

objectto,

payattentionto,

insiston,

feellike

Preposition“to”

devoteoneself/one’stime/energy,etc.to（投入……），

getdownto（着手干……），

leadto（通向，导致），

objectto（反对），

payattentionto（注意），

lookforwardto（盼望），

beusedto（习惯于），

stickto（坚持）等。

Tenseof“V-ing”

Passiveformof“Ｖ-ing”

Negationof“Ｖ-ing”

独立成分的Ｖ-ing

分词独立结构

（1）

分词独立结构

（2）

Thequestion（havingbeen）settled,themeetingadjourned.

Thechildrenwerewatchingtheacrobaticshow,theireyes（being）wideopen.

Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade.

Withhimwelltakencareof,wefeltquiterelieved.

分词独立结构

（2）

Thequestion（havingbeen）settled,themeetingadjourned.

Thechildrenwerewatchingtheacrobaticshow,theireyes（being）wideopen.

Withthetreegrowingtall,wegetmoreshade.

Withhimwelltakencareof,wefeltquiterelieved.

V-edParticiple

⏹Ascomplement

⏹Thedoorremain