四级阅读理解与翻译.docx

四级阅读理解与翻译.docx

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四级阅读理解与翻译

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandinvolvetheminactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic.

Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinity（阳刚）,theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype.aUSstudysays.

Boysatsingle-sexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".

Thefindingsofthestudysoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.

TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfadedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.

Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.

Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia

Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwith"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevisionlearnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround."Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminine（女性的）andpreferthemodemgenre（类型）inwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.

Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschoolsboysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thestudyreported.

57.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould____.

A）forceboystohidetheiremotionstobe"realmen"

B）helptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboys

C）encourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreely

D）naturallyreinforceinboysthetraditionalimageofaman

58.Itiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolboys_____.

A）Performrelativelybetter

C）behavemoreresponsibly

B）growupmorehealthily

D）receiveabettereducation

59.WhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?

A）Itfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademically.

B）Itfocusesmoreonmixedschooleducation.

C）Itfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed.

D）Itplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls.

60.AccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis____.

A）teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys

B）boyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistracted

C）boyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedin

D）teachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys'teamspirit

61.WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames'report

A）Theyenjoybeingincharge.

C）Theyhavesharpervision.

B）Theyconformtostereotypes.

D）Theyareviolentandsexist

PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?

Istherepowerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:

itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.

Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."

Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy（心理治疗）thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation（静思）techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?

A）Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.

B）Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.

C）ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.

D）Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.

63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A）Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.

B）Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.

C）Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

D）Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults"（Line4,Para.3）?

A）Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.

B）Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.

C）Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.

D）Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.

65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?

A）Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.

B）Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.

C）Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.

D）Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.

66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A）Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.

B）Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.

C）Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.

D）Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

　　Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.

　　OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,closeups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

　　Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:

thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

　　Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

　　1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

　　A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

　　B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

　　C.theattractionoffootball

　　D.theattractionofbaseball

　　2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat______.

　　A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

　　B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

　　C.itisnotexcitingenough

　　D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

　　3.Theauthoradmitsthat______.

　　A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

　　B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

　　C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball

　　D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

　　4.By