成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案五.docx

成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案五.docx

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成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案五

成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案五

年成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案五

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesassettlement（新拓居地）spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinental,system.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Acturalworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlabourers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

TherailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingWestwardMovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid19thcenturylayin_______.

A.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

B.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

答案B.从第二句话开始写道：

早期的火车是不实用的新奇玩意儿，很长一段时间铁路公司都遇到了麻烦的机械问题。

最严重的是建造能承重的铁轨和开发安全有效的刹车系统。

一旦这些解决了，铁路就成为陆上运输的方式。

由此可知，正确答案为B.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem________.

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest.

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlabourersfromEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

答案A.第二段的大致内容是：

随着第一个横跨大陆铁路线的修建，铁路建设达到了高峰。

西起California，东至Nebraska修建了一条横跨大陆的铁路线。

1869年这条铁路线在Utah会合。

第三段写道：

这条铁路线在西进运动中起了很重要的作用。

通过运送原材料和快速发送物品到遥远的市场，它促进了西部工农业的发展。

所以正确答案是A.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.

A.SettlementsSpreadWestward

B.TheImportanceofRailroadsintheAmericanEconomy

C.AmericanRailroadHistory

D.TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:

AVitalLink

答案D.第一段写道：

当新拓居地向西进发的时候，一种快速的长途交通工具对美国来说成为必要。

以下讲述了早期火车和铁路存在的问题。

一旦这些问题解决之后，铁路就成为的陆上运输工具。

到1860年美国已拥有几千里的铁路。

第二段主要讲述第一个跨大陆铁路系统的修建。

最后一段讲述这条铁路线对促进美国政治和经济所起的重要作用。

综上所述，可知本篇第一段是引言段;第二段是发展段;第三段是结论段。

根据第三段里的结论，不难选出本题的正确答案D.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook________.

A.3years

B.7years

C.4years

D.9years

答案A.从第二段得知，1862年国会授权二个铁路公司修建跨大陆铁路。

这个工程实际上是在四年之后才真正动工的，也就是在1866年才动工。

1869年这条铁路会合。

由此可知，正确答案是A项。

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

D.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

答案D.从第二段得知，国会授权二个铁路公司修一条跨大陆铁路线，东起Nebraska向西修筑，西起California向东修筑，最后到达一个会合点，以此可以穿越大陆，把大西洋海岸和太平洋海岸连接起来。

由此可知，修筑这条铁路是为了把东海岸和西海岸连接起来。

所以，正确答案是D项。

Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutanovercoat;whenamanagergetsanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.

Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.

Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.

By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared:

thelifeenrichinglevel.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,thefeeding,comfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalledluxuryitems.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.

Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourthlevel?

Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,andprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.

6.Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonlywhen______.

A.hehassavedupenoughmoney

B.hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelter

C.hehassatisfiedhishunger

D.hehaslearnedtobuildhouses

[答案]C

【精析】本题答案对应于第一、三段。

文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人就会考虑服装和住的地方。

综合判断，所以选C，即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处和衣服的需求。

7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarⅡ,mostAmericans______.

A.wereveryrich

B.livedinpoverty

C.hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels

D.didnotownautomobiles

[答案]D

【精析】文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便出现了。

这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。

A“很富有”，意思不明。

B“生活在贫困中”，不符合文意。

C“满足了前三个层次的需求”，也不正确，因为这时第三个层次的需求才刚刚出现。

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtophysicalsatisfaction?

A.Asuccessfulcareer.

B.Acomfortablehome.

C.Agoodmeal.

D.Afamilycar.

[答案]A

【精析】本题答案对应于文章的第四段，第四段第三行说physicalsatisfaction包括食物、生活舒适、有安全感、有交通工具，在B、C、D中都有体现。

故选A.

9.Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?

A.Themoregoodsthebetter.

B.Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.

C.Themoreluxuryitemsthebetter.

D.Themoreearningsthebetter.

[答案]B

【精析】本题答案对应文章第四段，其中第四行thislevel，也就是第四个层次的需求强调的是精神需求，所以选B.

10.Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel______.

A.wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevel

B.maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfour

C.canbethelastandmostsatisfyinglevel

D.willbecomeattainablebeforethegovernmenttakesactions

[答案]B

【精析】本题考查考生对作者意思的整体把握。

先看A“比第四个层次要好一些”，意思含糊。

C“是最终的、最令人满意的需求层次”，太绝对。

D“在政府采取行动之前就能实现”，不合文意。

文章说第五个层次的需求要通过集体行动实现，即人们付钱给政府，让其对抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪与不公。

可见这要在政府采取行动后实现。

而B的意思是“比前四个层次的需求更值得拥有”，这是正确的。

Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:

therangeofnewsfromlocalcrimetointernationalpolitics,fromsportstobusinesstofashiontoscience,andtherangeofcommentandspecialfeatures（特写）aswell,fromeditorialpagetofeaturearticleandinterviewstocriticismofbooks,art,theater,andmusic.Anewspaperisevenmoreremarkableforthewayonereadsit:

nevercompletely,neverstraightthrough,butalwaysbyjumpingfromheretothere,inandout,glancingatonepiece,readinganotherarticleallthewaythrough,readingjustafewparagraphsofthenext.Agoodmodernnewspaperoffersavarietytoattractmanydifferentreaders,butfarmorethananyonereaderisinterestedin.Whatbringthisvarietytogetherinoneplaceisitstopicality（时事性）,itsimmediaterelationtowhatishappeninginyourworldandyourlocalitynow.Butimmediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethantransient（短暂的）value.Forallthesereasons,notwopeoplereallyreadthesamepaper:

whateachpersondoesistoputtogetheroutofthepagesofthatday’spaper,hisownselectionandsequence,hisownnewspaper.Forallthesereasons,readingnewspapersefficiently,whichmeansgettingwhatyouwantfromthemwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbutwithoutwastingtime,demandsskillandself-awarenessasyoumodifyandapplythetechniquesofreading.

11.Amodernpaperisremarkableforallthefollowingexpectits______.

A.widecoverage

B.uniformstyle

C.speedinreportingnews

D.popularity

[答案]B

【精析】文中第一段第二句话“Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:

therangeofnewsfromlocalcrimetointernationalpolitics,fromsportstobusinesstofashiontoscience,andtherangeofcommentandspecialfeatures（特写）aswell,fromeditorialpagetofeaturearticleandinterviewstocriticismofbooks,art,theater,andmusic.提到的是A项的内容，即widecoverage;第四句话Agoodmodernnewspaperoffersavarietytoattractmanydifferentreaders…吻合了popularity的特点;第五句……itstopicality揭示了其speedin…（C项）的特点，只有B项文中未体现。

”故选择B.

12.Accordingtothepassage,