《永别了武器》.docx

《永别了武器》.docx

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《永别了武器》

OnHemingway’sAnti-warViewAsSeenfromAFarewelltoArms

IIntroduction

ErnestMillerHemingway（1899-1961）isaveryfamousnovelistintheAmerica.Hewasborninadoctor’sfamilynearChicagoin1899.In1954,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforliterature.HeonceparticipatedintheFirstWorldWar,asEuropecorrespondent,andasajournalistintheSecondWorldWarandtheSpanishCivilWar.Inlateryears,hesufferedfromvariousdiseasesandmentaldepression.HisearlynovelTheSunalsoRises,AFarewelltoArmsrepresentAmerican"lostgeneration".

AFarewelltoArmsisHemingway'saverysuccessfulandimportantrepresentativework.

ThenovelmainlytellsthelovebetweenLieutenantHenryandtheBritishnurseCatherineinthewar.AttheendoftheFirstWorldWar,HenrymetCatherine.Henrygotwoundedandinjuredinthefrontofwar,andhewastakentoMilanforhealing.Afterknowingthenews,CatherinewenttoMilanbyherselfandcaredHenrydayandnight.Afteraperiodoftime,theyfellinlovewitheachothers.Henryreturnedtothefront,wassenttodrivemedicalequipmenttothesouth.Laterthecarwasstuck.Beinghelplessandditchingthecarandmovingtowardonfoot,Henrywasmistakenlythoughttobeanarresteddeserterandwasalmostshot.Afterfleeingtheirbadluck,heandCatherinehadtoescapetoSwitzerlandtofindopenland.InSwitzerland,astheyweresweetlylookingforwardtothefuturelife,CatherineandthechildleftHenrybecauseofdystocia.Escapingfromthebattlefieldandlosinghislove,Henryhadnoplacetogoandbacktohotelinheavyrainduringthenight.

Hemingway’santi-warviewisfullyrevealedinthisnovel,AFarewelltoArms.Butwhatistherootofhisanti-warview?

Thispaperaimstofindoutthereflectionofanti-warviewinthenovelaswellastherootoftheanti-warview.

ⅡRootofErnestHemingway’sAnti-warView—HisPersonalExperiences

2.1HisChildhoodExperience

Hemingway'sfatherisaprominentdoctor.Heisalsoawarm-heartedandtrainedathletes.What’smore,heisaprofessionalresearchofnature.Heisparticularlykeenonfishingandhunting.HisinterestandhobbyhavegreatinfluenceonhissonHemingway,especiallyforthefutureandgrowthoftheson.Heisalsoveryconcerned,andspendsalotoftimeandenergyforthispurpose.

Hemingway'sfather’seducationwayisveryunique.HeeducateslittleHemingwaybothrigidlyandflexibly,accordingtothespecificsituation.Atanytimehechangesthewayofeducation.Theyliveinthetownofplantations,andthenorthernistheMichiganLakewhereIndianslivewithbeautifulsceneryandpleasantclimate.Fatherarousestheinterestofasonforoutdooractivities,thebeautyofnaturealsomakeslittleHemingwaydeeplyinfatuated.Theyoftengofishingandhuntingtogether.Beingactiveisthenatureofchildrenandtheyarecuriousabouteverything.LittleHemingwayisalsointhesameway.Wheneverfathervisitsorgoesouthuntingandfishing,littleHemingwayalwaystakesdad'sclothesandbegstogotogether.Dadagreestohisrequesteverytimeandtakeshimthroughthedenseforest,acrosstheflowingwater,tovisitthosevillagesscattered.EverythinginsightforlittleHemingwayissofancyandfunny.Totravellongdistancesinhisphysicalstrength,littleHemingwaygetsagoodexercise,alsoincreasesalotofknowledge.

Gradually,littleHemingwayhasfalleninlovewithhisfathervisitingoutside,hebecomesthefather’sthelittle"copycat"thoroughly.Afterfatherfindingfeelbad,hefeelseverythingreliesonhisfatherwillhaveanunfavorableinfluenceonthegrowthofchildren,dependentpsychologywillaffectthedevelopmentofaperson'sability,hefeelsitistimeforcultivatingtheindependentabilityofHemingway.So,whenheaskshisfathertotakehimtogoouttogether,fatherturnshimdown,littleHemingwaydoesnotunderstandwhyfathernolongerfantasiestogooutwithhimwhenHemingwayisonlyfouryearsold.LittleHemingwayaskshisfather,whetherhehasdonesomethingwrong.Fatherholdshisshoulderandsaysseriously,hehasdonenothing,dadjustwanttolethimgo,don'talwaysfollowhisfather.Andthenadded,itisgoodforhiminthisway.Afterthat,Hemingwayfathergiveshimafishingrod,andsayswithencourage,daretoplayhimself,hecandoit.LittleHemingwaystartstoplayintheforestandthewater’sedgebyhimselffromthattime.Later,whenhehasgrownupalittle,hisfathergiveshimarifle.Inhisfather'sconstantguidanceandencouragement,littleHemingwaybeginsindependentplayingtime,heisgoodatfishing,hunting,andadventureverysoon.

Astimegoesby,littleHemingwayfallsinlovewithnaturebecauseitissoquiet,arbitraryandpeaceful.Underhisfather’seducation,heknowsthatwaristhesymbolofcrueltyandviolence.Stepbystep,hehateswarandformstheanti-warview.

2.2WorldWarOne

Hemingwayisamanofrichexperienceandhiswholelifeisfilledwithlegend.AftertheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar,ErnestHemingway,withanearnestdesiretocomingbattlefieldappreciatefeelingthewar,joinedtheAmericanRedCrossfieldservice,inthebattlefieldinItaly.Afterthewar,HemingwaywasawardedtheCrusadesworkmedal,silvermedalbytheItaliangovernmentandbraverymedalandobtainedtherankoflieutenant.Alongwiththehonorwere237scarsonhisbodyandwon't-go-awayofthedemonicwarmemory.TheFirstWorldWarwasagreatcatastrophe,inwhich31countrieswereinvolved.8.5millionofficersandsoldiersdied,22millionwerewoundedandmorethan12.6billiondollarseconomiccost.Writersallovertheworldcondemnthisinjusticeimperialistwar.AFarewelltoArms,bylivelyandvividimageandterse,againshowsupthatboththesoldiersandcommonpeoplearetiredofwars.ThroughHemingway’slife,heisveryinterestedinwritingaboutviolence,warsandbullfightingwhicharealwaysconnectedwithdeath.

AFarewelltoArmsoncehasbeensingledoutasanovelthatissociologicallyrealisticinitstreatmentofwarandtheloveduringthewarperiod.Ithastheeffectofrealityformanywhohaveneverbeentothefrontofthewarandtheeffectofreminiscenceformanywhoactuallyhavebeen.SomepeopletakethisnovelforthetruestoryofHemingway.TheythinkitisHemingway’stragiclosingofthenurseinItalyin1918ifitissaidtobealovestory.Toacertainextent,thisnoveloriginatesfromhisownexperienceduringthewarandhisexperienceaboutwargetsfullyreflectedinthiswork.InHemingway’smind,thewarisjustlikeanatrocity,inwhichthecommonmanissacrificedtomeaninglessideasofgloryandpatriotism.AsHenrydescribes“Iwasalwaysembarrassedbythewordsscared,glorious,andsacrificeandtheexpressioninvain.”Henry,thehero,andalsothenarratorofthisnovel,infact,istheepitomeofHemingway.InHenry’swords,Hemingwayexpresseshisownfeelingaboutwar.Hemingwayalsoconcentrateshisemphasisontellingtruthstickinghiseyesonsolidfacts.AsCarlosBakersays,“factsmarchthroughallhispagesinastreamascontinuousastherefugeewagoninThrace,orthemilitarycamionsontheroadfromIsogon.”

2.3TheSpanishCivilWar

In1928,ErnestHemingwayleftParis,livingaquietrurallifeintheUnitedStatesofFloridaandCuba.Heoftenwenthunting,fishing,watchingourveryownbullfightortoro（bull）.Butsoon,theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.ErnestHemingwaywasunabletoleadaquietlife.From1937to1938,hetraveledasawarcorrespondentintheSpanishcivilwarfront.Duringthesecondworldwar,heworkedasajournalist,andparticipatedintheliberationofParis.Attheendof1941,aftertheoutbreakofthePacificwar,Hemingwayimmediatelytorefityachtcruiseboat,Germansubmarinereconnaissanceoperations,intelligencefordestroyingtheenemy.In1944,ErnestHemingway,alongwiththeU.S.toEuropetointerviewseriouslyinjuredinaplanecrash,butrecoveredafterstillbehindenemylines.AftertheendofSecondWorldWar,hewonthebronzemedal.

AfterHemingwayexperiencingthesewars,heknowsthatwariscruelandviolent.Hefallsinlovewithpeacebecauseeverybodycanhaveahappylifeinthepeacefulworld.Also,thesewarsmakehimtheanti-warview.

ⅢTheReflectionofAnti-warViewinAFarewelltoArms

Thenovel,AFarewelltoArmsisfullofthedescriptionoftwomainthingstoreflectHemingway’santi-warview.Oneisthedescriptionofthenaturalworld,andtheotheroneisthedescriptionofthelovebetweenHenryandCatherine.WecanhaveadeepunderstandingofHemingway’sinfinitedesireforpeaceandextremehatredofwarthroughthestudyandanalysisofthesetwodescriptions.

3.1TheSymbolofNaturalWorldtoReflecttheAnti-warView

Theenvironmentaldescriptionisoneofthethreeessentialpartsinanovel,anditisanveryimportantpartinanovel’scomposition.Inordertostrengthentheauthenticityofastory,novelistscreatecertainenvironmentforastorywithvividnaturalworlddescription.InAFarewelltoArms,Hemingwayskillfullyinterweavesthedescriptionofthenaturalworld,whichliesinthebackground,withthedescriptionofthehumanintheforeground.Itcanmaketheplotmorevivid,also,itcanmakereadersgetabetterunderstandingofthetheme.Inaddition,usingtheimagesdrawnfromthenaturalworld,italsoreinforcesthefeelingofdoomandfearinthestory.Therainsandsnows,themountainsandtheplains,thefogandmistandthefourseasonsarealldescribedvividly.

3.1.1Rain:

theSymbolofMiseryandDeath

InAFarewelltoArms,theraindescriptionappearmanytimes.Theyhaveimportantmeanings.Rainisasignificantpart