写作技巧1.ppt

写作技巧1.ppt

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WritingSkills写作技巧写作技巧ParagraphWritingo段落写作段落写作1.1CompositionofaParagraphoAparagraph:

aunitofthoughtnTopicsentence（主题句）nSupportingsentences（支持句）ReadthefollowingparagraphoThesedayslifestylesseemtochangefast.Itismorethanjustclothingandhairstylethatareinstyleoneyearandoutofdatethenext;itsawholewayofliving.Oneyearpeoplewearsunglassesontopoftheirheadsandwearjeansandboots;theydrinkwhitewineandeatsushi（寿司）atJapaneserestaurants;forexercisetheyjogseveralmilesaday.However,thenextyeartheynoticethateverythinghaschanged.Womenwearlongskirts;peopledrinkexpensivewaterfromFranceandeatpasta（意大利面食）atItalianrestaurants;everyoneseemstobeexercisingathealthclubs.oTopicsentence（主题句主题句）:

Thesedayslifestylesseemtochangefast.nsupportingsentence1（支持句1）nsupportingsentence2（支持句2）nsupportingsentence3（支持句3）nsupportingsentence4（支持句4）ReadthefollowingparagraphoBothanimalsandpeoplerespondpositivelytorewards.Asexperimentshaveshown,ratsinaSkinnerboxwillsystematicallypressalever（操纵杆）inordertoobtainfood.Dogswillperformtricksinresponsetoverbal（口头的）praise.People,likethosewhopracticeandpracticeinordertoreachtheOlympics,alsoworkforrewards.Englishteachersshouldbeawareofthismotivationalprincipleandincorporate（把.纳入）itintotheirteachingmethods.oTopicsentence（主题句主题句）:

Bothanimalsandpeoplerespondpositivelytorewards.nsupportingsentence1（支持句1）nsupportingsentence2（支持句2）nsupportingsentence3（支持句3）nconcludingsentence（结尾句结尾句）1.2TheTopicSentenceoThepositionofthetopicsentence:

nmostcommonly:

atthebeginning;nInmanycases:

attheendnInsomecases:

inthemiddlenSometimes:

notdirectlymentionedbutonlyimpliedwritingthetopicsentenceoThetopicsentence:

thetopic（主题）（主题）andthecontrollingidea（主题思想）（主题思想）Examples1.Collegelife（主题主题）isquitedifferentfrommiddleschoollife（主题思想主题思想）.2.Womenaremoresensitive（主题思主题思想想）tochangingfashions（主题主题）.3.Peopleinbigcitiesshouldridebicyclesinsteadofcars.4.Itisnoteasytofindtherightkindofoff-campushousing.5.Avisittoaforeigncountryisalwaysfilledwithsurprise.6.Peopletrymanywaystoimprovetheirhealth.Doyouthinkthefollowingareeffectivetopicsentences?

1.Choosingamajorisdifficult.2.Studentsoftenridetoschool.3.Thelocalfoodisterrible.oAgoodtopicsentenceshouldnotbetoogeneral,ortoospecific,ortooemotionalortooabsolute.otheuseofsomekeywordssuchassome,several,differentandvarious.1.Mostsuccessfulmovieshaveafewqualitiesincommon.2.Collegegraduatescanlookforajobinseveraldifferentways.3.Societyistryingmanydifferentapproachestodiscouragepeoplefromsmoking.1.3Featuresofaneffectiveparagraphounified统一的统一的（unity统一性统一性）ocoherent连贯的连贯的（coherence连贯性连贯性）oadequatelydeveloped充分展开的充分展开的（adequatedevelopment充分展开充分展开）1.3.1Unity统一性统一性oUnity:

contentoAllthesentencesarebuiltononecentralidea（thetopicsentence）.Readthefollowingparagraph.oBirdshavedifferent-shapedfeettosuittheirwayoflife.Birdsthatperch（栖息）onbrancheshavetoesthatcurl（旋绕）roundthebranchtogiveatightgrip.Thegripissotightthatthebirddoesntfalloff,evenwhenitgoestosleep.Somebirdsfindtheirfoodintheground.Theirshort,blunt（钝的）toesarelikerakes（耙子）.Theyscratchthegroundtoturnupinsectsandseeds.Birdssuchasducks,geeseandswanshavefeetlikepaddles（船桨）tohelpthemswiminthewater.Birdsofprey（猛禽）,whicheatsmallanimals,havesharp,curvedclaws,whichtheyuseforgrabbingthecreatures.1.3.2CoherenceoCoherence:

formoSentences:

arrangedinaclearlogicalorderoTransition:

smoothandnaturalReadthefollowingparagraph.oNewstudentsshouldgivecarefulconsiderationtothecoursestheywanttotakeintheirfirstsemesteratcollege.Tobeginwith,theyshouldbalancescienceandnon-sciencecoursessothattheydonothavetoomanytime-consuminglabs.Theyshouldalsotrytogetamixturebetweensubjectstheyfindfairlyeasyandthosethataredifficultforthem.Forinstance,thestudentwhodoeswellinhistorybutexpectstohaveaterribletimewithcalculusmightplanontakingbothinthesamesemestertobalancetheworkload.Thestudentwhodoesnotplancarefullyandtakefivetoughcoursesthefirsttermmaywinduponscholasticprobation（试读试读）.

（1）Orderingthesentencesinaparagraphotheorderoftimeorthechronologicalorder（时间顺序时间顺序）othespatialorder（空间顺序空间顺序）othelogicalorder（逻辑顺序逻辑顺序）:

（exemplification例证例证,cause-and-effect因果因果）thelogicalorder（cause-effect）oRecently,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicfreeofcharge.Somepeopleviewthatthepracticewillbringsomeproblems.First,withanincreasingnumberofvisitors,itispossiblethattheexhibitsinthemuseums,ofwhichsomeareprecious,arelikelytogetdamaged.Second,freeadmissionofthepublicwillbringahugeeconomicburdenformuseums