05844 全国 江苏 自考国际商务英语课后习题答案 详解.docx

05844 全国 江苏 自考国际商务英语课后习题答案 详解.docx

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05844全国江苏自考国际商务英语课后习题答案详解

一、

Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?

Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.

1.Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionsbetweenpartiesfromdiffirentcountries.

Therearefourmajordiffrencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness:

1）differencesinlegalsystem

2）differencesincurrencies

3）differencesincuturalbackground

4）differencesinnaturalandeconomicconditions

Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?

2.Commoditytrade,i.eexportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.Thiskindoftradeisalsoreferredtovisibletrade.Invisibletradeisintheformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.Invisibletradeisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade.

Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?

3.Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.

Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoreisofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?

4.ForeigndirectinvestmentsorFDIforshortismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.

Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

Whatislicensing?

Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasmeansofenteringaforeignmarket?

5.Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.

Firmschooselicensingbecausetheydonotwanttomakecashpaymentstostartbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantegesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.

Whatisfranchising?

Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?

6.Underfranchising,afim,calledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandname,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

Incomparisionwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.

Whatisamanagementcontract?

Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?

7.Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolum.

Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets..

Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?

InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?

8.Foraninterantionalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequipingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.

ForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.

MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject.

Franchise:

anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsincertainarea.

Royalty:

moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightfrpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu,atanagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.

Patent:

aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.

Non-tariffbarries:

allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

Portfolio:

theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling.

Turnkeyproject:

oneinwhichoneofthepartiesagreestosupply,atthecontractprice,acompleteproductreadyforuse,suchasanewhome,factory,ship,etc.

Budget:

anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu,ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarragements.

Return:

thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.

Expertise:

expertknowledgeorskill,esp.inaparticularfield;know-how

Licensor:

apersonorcompanygrantingalicence

二、

ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchaeably?

1.GNPreferstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedtythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

GDPmeasuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPisthattheformerfocusesonownershipofthefactorsofproductionwhilethelatterconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakesplace.

ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPcanbeignoredsinceitisverysmallinmostcases,sowecanusetheminterchangeably.

Whataremeantbyhighincome,middleincome,andlowincomecountriesaccordingtotheWorldBank?

Citesomeexaplesforeachgroup.

2.Thoseenjoyingannualpercapitaincomeof$9386andaboveareclassifiedashigh-incomecountries.Thisgroupcomprisesthreetypesofcountries.

a）mostmembersoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment（OECD）

b）richoilproducingcontriesofthemiddleeast（Kuwait,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmirates）.

c）Small-industrializedcountriesorregionssuchasIsrael,Singapore,HongKongandTaiwan.

Countrieswithannualpercapitaincomebelow$9386butabove$765areregardedasmiddle-incomecountries.

1）mostEastEuropeancountriesandmostmembersoftheCommonwealthofIndependentStates,sixOECDmembers.（Czech,Greece,Hungary,Mexico,Turkey）

2）quiteanumberofLatinAmericancountriesandsomecomparativelydevelopedcountriesinAsia.（Indonesia,Malaysia,thephilippines,Thailand）

3）AmongtheAfricancountries,SouthAfricaandoil-producingLibya,NigeriaandAlgeria.

Lowerincomecountriesarethosethathavepercapitaincomesofonly$765orevenless.

1）MostAfricancontries,someAsiancountriesandafewLatinAmericancountries.

Whyarehighincomecountriesimportanttotradeandinvestment?

Shouldweneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness?

3.High-incomecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrastructure,highpurchasingpower,advancedtechnology,efficietmanagement,andfavorableenvironmentfortradeandinvestment.Theyofferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandarebothattractivesourcesanddestinationsofinvestment.

Weshouldnotneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness,becausetheyconstitutemarketsforlower-pricedstaplegoods,providecheaplaborandareoftenrichinresources.Whatismoreimportant,marketissomethingtobedeveloped.Oncetapped,thebusinesspotentialofthesecountrieswillonedaybecomerealbusinessopportunities.

InwhatdifferentwaysareGDPandpercapitaincomesignificantinassessingthepotentialofaparticularmarket?

4.TotalGDPindicatestheoverallsizeofaneconomywhichisimportantinmarketassessmentfordurableequipmentorbulkgoodssuchasgrain,steel,orcement.PercapitaGDPrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers,whichisimportantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.

Waschinaalow-incomecountryafewyearsago?

Howaboutnow?

5.Chinawithapercapitaincomeofover$1100isamiddle-incomecountrythoughitwasalowincomecountryjustafewyearsago.

Whatdoestheterm“Traid”referto?

WhatismeanttyQuad?

6.ThetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworldtheUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.

SomepeopleextendthescopeofTriadtoincludeCanadaandnamethebroadenedgroupingQuad.

HowmuchdoyouknowaboutOECD?

Pleasemakeabriefaccount.

7.OECDmeansOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentwasestablishedin1961bythemajorcapitalimcountrieswiththeheadquarterinParis.Ithas29membercountries,amongwhich,23ofthemarehigh-incomecountriesandtheothersaremiddle-incomecountries.

WhatisthebestpolicyforChinatodevelopbusinessopportunites?

8.Thebestpolicyistodevelopbusinessopportunitieswhereveradvantageouswhilekeepinginmindthekeymarkets.

Tap:

totakewhatisneededform,toexploit

PPP:

purchasintpowerparity

Consumerism:

considerabledesiretomakepurchaseforconsumption

Recipient:

apersonoranorganizationetc.thatreceivessomething

Pruchasingpower:

ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices

Average:

ofanordinary,commonorusualkindinqualityoramount

Spur:

tourgeorencourage

Productive:

producinginhighefficiencyorinlargequantity

Assess:

tojudgeanamountorvalue

Infrastructure:

large-scalepublicservices,suchaswaterandpowersupplies,road,railandradiocommunications,etc.neededtosupporteconomicactivity,esp.industry,tradeandcommerce

三、

1.Whatisafreetradearea?

Makeabriefaccountofthemostnotablefreetradeareaintheworld.

Membersofafreetradearearemovesbarri