教育资料Unit 3Period Three学习专用.docx
《教育资料Unit 3Period Three学习专用.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《教育资料Unit 3Period Three学习专用.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
教育资料Unit3PeriodThree学习专用
PeriodThree Grammar—ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice
课文原句感知
1.OvertimeIhavebeenchanged(change)quitealot.
2.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenused(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.
3.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold(tell)!
4.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfound(find)forme.
5.Ihavealsobeenput(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.
现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。
这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义,因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼,难以把握。
运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题:
1.构成
现在完成时的被动语态的构成为:
have/hasbeen+过去分词。
2.各种句式
肯定式
主语+have/hasbeendone...
否定式
主语+have/hasnotbeendone...
一般疑问式
Have/Has+主语+beendone...?
特殊疑问式
疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone...?
3.使用的场合
(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与already,yet,never,recently等副词及时间状语sofar,bynow,uptill/tonow,since...,before...等连用。
Thousandsofman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.
许多国家已经发射了数千颗人造卫星到太空中。
Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.
还没有派人去请医生。
(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“Howlong...?
”句型中。
Theimportantproblemhasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。
Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?
这台机器使用多久了?
Morethantenbridgeshavebeenbuiltovertheriverinthiscitysinceitsetupaneweconomiczone.
自从这个城市建立了一个新经济开发区以来,这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。
4.现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题
(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建成的。
Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.这座桥已经建好了。
(2)一些特殊动词,如:
borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
若要表达相应的意思,则须改换动词或时态。
这本书买了多长时间了?
误
Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?
正
Howlongagowasthisbookbought?
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。
Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.
自上周以来,没有人来买书。
(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持完整性,其中的介词或副词不可省略。
Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.
→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.
(5)带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。
Wehavegivenhimthebook.
→Hehasbeengiventhebook.
→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.
(6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
原来用省略to的不定式作宾补的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.
→Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Sarahhasbeentold/wastold(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
2.Inrecentyears,stresshasbeenregarded(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems.(2019·上海)
3.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeenreached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2019·天津)
4.Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut(cut).(2019·重庆)
5.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade(make).(2019·天津)
6.Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenmade(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.(2019·北京)
Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误)
Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2019·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Manynewhouseshavebeenbuilt(build)inthepastfewyears.
2.Sofarnoletterhasbeenreceived(receive)frommyfriends.
3.—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
—I’msorry,butithasbeentaken(take)already.
4.—Howlonghaveyoubeenemployed(employ)atthisjob?
—Since1990.
5.Severalstudentshavebeenadmitted(admit)intoakeyuniversityuptonow.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
6.Thenovel
beentranslatedintoseveralkindsoflanguagessofar.
7.Thetopichas
discussedbythemforseveraltimes.
8.Recently,anumberofaccidentshavebeenhappenedhere.
9.Thelittlechildrenhavebeentakengoodcare
sincetheymovedhere.
10.Alotofanimalshavebeendisappearedfromtheearthuptonow.
Ⅲ.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)
LiMing:
Hi,LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!
LinTao:
Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.
LiMing:
Iknowthatyourparents11.havebeenworking(work)inYushuforyears.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?
LinTao:
Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake12.happened(happen),manysoldiers13.havebeensent(send)there,andmanykindsofsupplies(物资供应)14.havebeencarried(carry)therefromalloverthecountry.Now,mostpeoplethere15.live/areliving(live)ahappylifeagain.
LiMing:
Howabouttheschoolsthere?
LinTao:
Severalnewschools16.havebeenset(set)upandalsosomeschoolswhich17.weredamaged(damage)intheearthquake18.havebeenrebuilt(rebuild).Soallthestudentscangobacktoschooltostudynow.
LiMing:
That’swonderful.I’msuretheirlifewillbebetterandbetter.Whenwillyourparentscomeback?
LinTao:
Theywillbebacknextmonth.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·山西平遥中学高一上期中)
WhenSteveJobswasbornonFebruary24,1955,inSanFrancisco,California,hisunmarriedmotherdecidedtoputhimforadoptionbecauseshewantedagirl.Sointhemiddleofthenight,hismothercalledalawyernamedPaulJobsandsaid,“Wehaveanunexpectedbabyboy;doyouwanthim?
”ButhismothertoldhisfutureparentstopromisethattheywouldsendJobstocollege.AfterSteveJobsgraduatedfromhighschool,hewenttocollegebutdecidedtodropoutbecauseitwassoexpensivethathehadtosleeponthefloorinhisfriends’rooms.
At20,heandafriend(SteveWozniak)startedacompanyinagarageonApril1,1976.Jobsnamedtheircompany—Appleinmemoryofahappysummerhehadspentatanorchard(果园)inOregon.
After10yearsofhardtimeandfailures,startingfromtwokidsworkinginagarage,Applecomputereventuallygrewintoabigcompanywithover4,000employees.
At30,Jobs,however,wasfiredfromthecompanyheco-founded.Butafterhehadtoleavethecompany,Applewasunderheavypressurefromrival(对手)Microsoftandin2019postedbillionsofdollarsinlosses.AppleneededSteveJobsandhewasappointedasApple’sCEOin2019.Underhisleadership,ApplereturnedtoprofitabilityandintroducednewproductssuchastheiPhoneandtheiPod.
SteveJobsoncesaid,“Sometimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking.”
语篇解读 文章介绍乔布斯的家庭生活、学业情况和如何创办苹果公司的。
通过他所说的话可知,兴趣是成功的关键。
1.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtoParagraph1?
A.Jobs’unmarriedmotherwantedagirl.
B.PaulJobswasacollegeteacher.
C.Jobsfinishedhiseducation.
D.Jobs’unmarriedmotheradoptedhim.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
从第一段的句子“...hisunmarriedmotherdecidedtoputhimforadoptionbecauseshewantedagirl.”可知乔布斯的未婚妈妈想要一个女孩,故选A。
2.SteveJobsdidn’tfinishhiscollegeeducationbecausehe.
A.wantedtostartacompany
B.hadfinancialproblems
C.tooknointerestinhismajor
D.hatedtoshareroomswithhisfriends
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
从第一段的句子“...hewenttocollegebutdecidedtodropoutbecauseitwassoexpensivethathehadtosleeponthefloorinhisfriends’rooms.”可知,乔布斯没有完成大学学业主要是因为他的经济问题,故选B。
3.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatSteveJobssaid?
A.Interestisthekeytosuccess.
B.Hopehelpsussucceed.
C.Attitudeiseverything.
D.Couragegoeswithconfidence.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
从文章最后一段乔布斯所说的话可知,兴趣是成功的关键,故选A。
B
TheInternetbringsusmanyadvantages.
WiththeInternet,peoplecansendandreceivee-mails.OntheInternet,peoplecanskimovernews.UsingtheTelnet,theuseranywhereontheInternetcanlogintoanyothermachineonwhichhehasanaccount.ItispossibletousetheFTPprogramtocopyfilesfromonemachineontheInternettoanother.
ButtheInternetalsobringsustroubles.
Internetuseseemstocauseafallinpsychological(心理的)health,accordingtotheresearchatCarnegieMellonUniversity.EvenpeoplewhospentjustafewhoursaweekontheInternetexperiencedmoredepressionandlonelinessthanthosewhologgedonlessoften,thetwo-yearstudyshowed.Anditwasn’tthatpeoplewhowerealreadyfeelingbadspentmoretimeontheInternet,butthatusingtheNetactuallyseemedtocausethebadfeelings.
Researchersarepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhattheyhadexpected.TheyexpectedthattheNetwouldprovesociallyhealthierthantelevision,sincetheNetallowsuserstochoosetheirinformationandtocommunicatewithothers.
ThefactthatInternetusereducestimeusedforfamilyandfriendsmaybethereasonforthedropinhealth,researcherssaid.Faceless,bodiless“virtual”(虚拟的)communicationmaybelesspsychologicallysatisfyingthanactualconversations,andtherelationshipsformedthroughitmaynotbesodeep.AnotherpossibilityisthatexposuretothewiderworldthroughtheNetmakesuserslesssatisfiedwiththeirlives.
“Butit’simportanttorememberthisisnotaboutthetechnology;it’sabouthowitisused,”saidoneoftheresearchers.“Itreallypointstotheneedforconsideringsocialfactors(因素)whenyoudesignnewinventions.”
4.Thewritermainlywantstotellusthat.
A.theInternetcanbringpeoplemanyadvantages
B.Internetusemaycausepsychologicalproblems
C.theInternetusersarenotsatisfiedwiththeirlives
D.weshouldn’tusetheInternet
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。
文章虽然谈论了网络的优点,但从其篇幅和重点来看,文章侧重于谈论由于使用网络而产生的一些问题,主题句在第四段。
作者其实是想提醒我们使用网络可能有损心理健康。
5.Whyaretheresearcherspuzzledovertheresults?
A.Becausetheresultswerecompletelydifferentfromwhattheyhadthought.
B.BecausetheNetprovedsociallyhealthierthantelevision.
C.BecausetheInternetuserswereallhealthier.
D.BecausetheInternetusersexperiencedlessd