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外科专业英语
酸碱平衡与水电解质紊乱
acid-base disorders酸碱失衡 acid-basebalance酸碱平衡
acute/chronicacidosis急性/慢性酸中毒acidemia酸血症
acute/chronicalkalosis 急性/慢性碱中毒 alkalemia碱血症
simpleacid-base disorder单纯性酸碱失衡
mixed acid-basedisorder混合性酸碱失衡
buffersystem 缓冲对系统 aniongap阴离子间隙
deltagap阳离子间隙 respiratoryacidosis 呼酸
respiratoryalkalosis呼碱 metabolic acidosis代酸
metabolicalkalosis代碱 hypochloremia 低氯血症
hyperchloremia高氯血症 hypoxemia低氧血症
hyperoxemia高氧血症 hypocalcemia低钙血症
hypercalcemia 高钙血症 hypokalemia 低钾血症
hyperkalemia高钾血症 hyponatremia低钠血症
hypernatremia高钠血症 magnesiumdeficiency镁缺乏
magnesium excess镁过多 hypomagnesemia低镁血症
hypermagnesemia高镁血症hypophosphatemia低磷血症
hyperphosphatemia高磷血症 hypercapnia 高碳酸血症
posthypercapnicmetabolicalkalosis高碳酸血症后碱中毒
diabeticketoacidosis糖尿病酮症酸中毒uremia尿毒症
lacticacidosis乳酸酸中毒
saline-responsive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒
saline-resistantalkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒
isotonic dehydration等渗性缺水 hypotonicdehydration 低渗性缺水
hypertonic dehydration高渗性缺水edema 水肿
waterintoxication 水中毒
休克
shock休克 hemorrhagic shock失血性休克traumatic shock创伤性休克 septicshock脓毒性休克
shocklung休克肺 shock kidney休克肾
软组织感染
furuncle疖 paronychia甲沟炎 erysipelas丹毒
acutephlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎acutelymphangitis急性淋巴管炎
acutelymphadenitis急性淋巴结furunculosis疖病 carbuncle痈
abscess脓肿 acuteulcer急性溃疡 chronic ulcer慢性溃疡
fistulacannulas瘘管 sinustract窦道 felon脓性指头炎
外科营养
肠外营养parenteral nutrition或intravenousnutrition
肠内营养 enteralnutrition 代谢性并发症metabolicplications
胆汁淤积cholestasis 基础能量消耗basalenergyexpenditureBEE
误吸 aspiration 腹泻diarrhea
外科手术
手术刀scalpel 刀片blade
刀柄 hilt 手术剪 surgical scissors
止血钳hemostaticforceps 直血管钳straightclamp
弯血管钳Kellyclamp 蚊式止血钳 mosquitoforceps
有齿止血钳 kocherforceps 手术镊 forceps
组织钳tissueforceps or allisforceps持针器 needleholder
缝合针sutureneedle 拉钩retractor
巾钳 towelclip 环钳ring forceps
不可吸收缝线 nonabsorbablesuture丝线silksuture
切开 incision 剥离 dissection
止血 hemostasis 结扎ligation
缝合suture 剪线 cutting suture
拆线removingsuture 引流 drainage
骨科
arthro-关节 articulo-关节 cranio-颅
osteo-骨 burso—囊 chondro-软骨
costo—肋骨myelo-骨髓 spondylo-椎骨
thoraco-胸得 vertebra-椎骨 fascio-筋膜
teno/tendo/tendino-肌-kinesia 运 —porosis多孔
—trophy 发育 -malacia软化
1、 中轴骨 AXIALBONES
bone n、骨 ribn。
肋 vertebrae n。
椎骨
cervicalvertebrae 颈椎 thoracic vertebrae胸椎
lumbarvertebrae腰椎 sternum n。
胸骨
sacrum n.骶骨 coccyx尾骨
sternalmanubrium胸骨柄 xiphoidprocess 剑突
atlasn.寰椎 axis n、枢椎
sternalangle胸骨角 thoraciccage胸廓
2、颅SKULL
skull n. parietal bone顶骨 frontalbone 额骨
occipitalbone 枕骨 emporalbone 颞骨sphenoidbone 蝶骨
ethmoid bone筛骨mandible n、下颌骨hyoidbone 舌骨 vomer n、犁骨 maxilla n.上颌骨 palatine bone腭骨
nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone泪骨zygomaticbone 颧骨
inferior nasalconcha 下鼻甲 orbitn、眶
coronalsuture冠状缝 sagitalsuture矢状缝
lambdoidsuture人字缝 cranialfontanelle颅囟
2、附肢骨TARSAL BONESANDEXTREMITALBONES
claviclen.锁骨scapulan、肩胛 humerusn。
肱骨 radiusn。
桡骨 ulna n、尺骨 carpalbone腕骨
metacarpalbone掌骨 phalangesn、指骨,趾骨
hipbone髋骨 iliumn.髂骨 ischium n.坐骨 pubis n、耻骨 femurn。
股骨 patella n.髌骨
tibia n、胫骨 fibula n、腓骨 tarsal bone 跗骨 metatarsalbone跖骨
4、关节韧带
flexionn、屈 extensionn. 伸展 adduction n.收 medialrotation旋内lateralrotation 旋外 pronationn旋前、
supinationn。
旋后 circumductionn.环转vertebralcolumn脊柱
temporal—mandibularjoint 颞下颌关节
articulationn.关节 ligamentn、韧带
intervertebraldisc椎间盘 shoulder joint 肩关节
elbowjoint肘关节 radiocarpaljoint桡腕关节
pelvis n。
骨盆 hipjoint 髋关节 kneejoint膝关节
anklejoint 踝关节 arthrographyn。
关节造影
compactan.骨密度 epiphysisn。
骨骺 ossificationn.骨化
synovialjoints滑膜关节 fibrous纤维连结
syndesmosis韧带连结 cartilaginousjoints软骨连结
articularsurface(cavity)关节面(腔) suture缝
articulardisk关节盘 articular labrum关节唇
articularcapsule关节囊extracapsular ligament囊外韧带
intracapsular ligament囊内韧带 yellow ligament黄韧带
fibrous layer(membrane)纤维层,纤维膜
synoviallayer(membrane)滑膜层,滑膜
ynovialfold(villi)滑膜襞 synovialfluid 滑液
circumduction环转运动 vertebraljoints椎骨连结
ionterspinous ligament棘间韧带
intertransverseligament横突间韧带
Intervertebralsymphysis椎间联合
interverbral discs椎间盘
Fibrousrings纤维环Pulpiformnucleus髓核
Anteriorlongitudinal前纵韧带
Posteriorlongitudinal后纵韧带
Zygapophysialjoint关节突关节
Lumbosacral joint腰骶连结 Costovertebraljoints肋椎关节
Jointof costal head肋头关节 Lambdoidsuture 人字缝
Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节 Cranialsuture颅缝
Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Coronal(sagittal) suture冠矢状缝
Synchondroses ofcranium 颅结合
Temporomandibularjoint颞下颌关节
jointsof shouldergirdle上肢带连结
coracoacromialligament喙间韧带
Coracoclavicular ligament喙锁韧带
Acromioclavicularjoint肩锁关节 Elbowjoint肘关节
Sternoclavicularjoint胸锁关节 Shoulderjoint肩关节
Humeroulnarjoint肱尺关节 Joints ofhand手关节
Humeroradial joint肱桡关节
Radiocarpaljoint,wristjoint桡腕关节,腕关节
Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节Carpometacarpaljoints腕掌关节
Carpometacarpaljointof thumb拇指腕掌关节
Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节
Metacarpophalangealjoints掌指关节
Interphalangealjoints ofhand指骨间关节
Jointsof pelvicgirdle下肢带连结
Pubicsymphysis 耻骨联合Interpubicdisc耻骨间盘
Obturatormembrane闭孔膜 Sacroiliacjoints骶髂关节 Pelvis骨盆 Sacrotuberousligament骶结节韧带
Greater (lesser)sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔
Terminalline界线Greater(lesser)pelvis大小骨盆
Superior(posterior) pelvicaperture骨盆上下口
Pubicarch耻骨弓 Subpubic angle耻骨下角
Pelviccavity骨盆腔 Joints offreelowerlimb自由下肢连结
Hipjoint髋关节 Kneejoint膝关节
Transverse acetabularlig、髋臼横韧带
Ligamentof headoffemur股骨头韧带
Medial(lateral)meniscus内外侧半月板
Transverse ligamentof knee膝横韧带
Anteriorcruciateligament前交叉韧带
Posteriorcruciateligament后交叉韧带
Fibular(tibial) collateral ligament腓(胫)侧副韧带
Ligament ofpatella髌韧带 Tibiofibularjoint胫腓关节
Tibiofibularsyndesmosis胫腓连结
Cruralinterosseousmembrane小腿骨间膜
Joints offoot足关节 anklejoint,踝关节
talocruraljoint,距小腿关节intertarsaljoints跗骨间关节
subtalarjoint, talocalcanealjoint距下关节距跟关节
transversetarsaljoint跗横关节
talocalcaneonavicularjoint距跟舟关节
tarsometatarsal joint跗跖关节transversearch横弓
intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节
metatarsophalangealjoint跖趾关节
interphalangealjointsof foot 跖骨间关节
archof foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓,跗跖弓
medial(lateral)longitudinalarch内(外)侧纵弓
其她
Arthrosclerosis关节硬化 Chondromalacia软骨软化症
DegeneratedJoint Disease变性关节炎Bonegraft 骨移植
Clavicle Fracture锁骨骨折PelvicFracture 骨盆骨折
PlasticParisCast整形硬石膏Amputation 截肢
MatastaticLesion转移性损害 Osteoporosis骨质疏松症
ProsthesisReplacement人工弥补置换术
腹部脏器
Stomach 胃 Liver 肝 Small intestine 小肠
Colon结肠(ascending,transverse,descending,sigmoid)
Duodenum 十二指肠Jejunum 空肠 Ileum回肠
Pancreas胰 Spleen脾 Bileduct胆管
Gallbladder胆囊 Kidney 肾 Rectum直肠
Cecum盲肠 largeintestine大肠
vermiformappendix阑尾analcanal肛管
辅助检查
Abdominocentesis腹腔穿刺 Urinalysis尿分析
Abdominalultrasonography腹部超声检查
Bariumenema 钡灌肠 Bariumswallow钡餐
Liverbiopsy肝活检 Stoolculture粪检
Retrograde pyelogram逆行肾盂造影
Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography经内镜逆行性胆胰管造影
Bloodureanitrogen 血尿素氮
Urinecultureand sensitivity尿培养与敏感试验
Urinalysis尿分析
内镜
Gastroscopy胃窥镜 Enteroscopy 小肠内镜
Colonoscopy结肠内镜 Cystoscopy膀胱镜
ureteroscope 输尿管镜
术式
Highly selectivevagotomy高选择性迷走神经切断术
Gastrojejunostomy胃空肠吻合术
Truncal vagotomy迷走神经切断术 Laparotomy开腹
Enterectomy 肠切除术 Appendectomy阑尾切除术
Choledochectomy胆总管切除术 Colectomy 结肠切除术
Cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术 Colostomy 结肠造瘘
Subtotalgastrectomy胃大部切除术
Pancreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术
Right/lefthemicolectomy 右/左半结肠切除术
Abdominoperinealresection腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术
Lowanterior resection直肠低位前切除术
Hepatectomy肝切除术 Nephrectomy肾切除术
Nephronsparingsurgery 保留肾单位手术
Ureteroneocystostomy膀胱输尿管吻合术
orchiectomy; testectomy 睾丸切除术
ureterectomy输尿管切除术
cystectomy膀胱切除术
cysto-urethralanastomosis膀胱输尿管吻合术
partialorradical nephrectomy局部/根治性肾切除术
PCNL:
percutaneousnephrostolithotomy经皮肾取石术
ESWL:
extracorporealshockwavelithotripsy体外冲击波碎石术
Surgicalexploration手术探查
心胸外
valve prosthesis人工瓣膜 bicuspid二尖瓣 tricuspidvalve三尖瓣
pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣aorticvalve主动脉瓣 ventricle心室
atriumpl、atrial 心房interatrial心房间得 atrioventricular房室得
intrventricular心室间得 atrialseptum房间隔
ventricuarseptum室间隔 angiography血管造影
aortography主动脉造影
pneumotharax;aerothorax气胸tensionpneumotharax 张力性气胸
pleural effussion胸腔积液 hydrothorax胸腔积液
puncture 穿刺 thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术 drainage引流
closedthoracicdrainage闭式胸腔引流mitralstenosis二尖瓣狭窄
rheumaticvalvedisease 风湿性瓣膜病aortic stenosis动脉硬化
mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流 valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术
aorticstenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄 aorticregurgitation 主动脉反流
arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化 intravenous静脉内得
hemorrhage出血 hematuria血尿
angi/o血管vas/o血管 vascul/o血管aort/o主动脉
arter/oarteri/o动脉 ather/o动脉
phleb/o静脉 ven/o静脉 thromb/o血栓 venule微静脉
arteriole微动脉 angiostenosis血管狭窄
ischemia缺血 vena cava腔静脉ﻩ
神外
大脑:
cerebrum 间脑:
diencephalon
脑桥:
brain stem 中脑:
midbrain
脑桥:
pons 延髓:
medullaoblongata
小脑:
cerebellum 回:
convolutiongyri
沟:
sulci 胼胝体:
corpuscallosum 横裂:
transversfissue 额叶:
Frontal lobe
顶叶:
Parietallobe 颞叶:
Temporallobe
枕叶:
Occipitallobe
蛛网膜:
Arachnoidmatter 蛛网膜下腔:
Subarachnoidspace
OlfactoryN嗅神经 Optic 视神经
Oculomotor动眼神经 Trochlear滑车神经
Trigeminal 三叉神经 Abducens 外展神经
Facial