高考英语冠词总结.docx
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高考英语冠词总结
考点1.冠词的特指用法
定冠词的特指用法:
非常明确地指出何人或何物。
可以分为前照应特指,后照应特指和语境特指。
1后照应特指:
用定冠词表示上文中提到的人或物。
冠词用在后面的名词前,和前面提到的同一名词相照应。
(冠词在后面照应)如:
Iboughtabookyesterday.Thebookcostme20yuan.
1.Hereis____basket.___basketismine.
A.a;TheB.the;An.C.a;AD.the;the
2.Thisis____egg.____eggisbig.
A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The
3.Thereis____bridgeoverthere.____bridgeismadeofwood.
A.the;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.a;The
2前照应特指:
定冠词的指定作用决定于名词中心词的后置修饰语。
Thisisthebookyoulentmeyesterday.
ThisistheboyfromEngland.
4._____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.
A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a
5.Ilikemusic,butIdon’tlike____musicofthisfilm.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
6.–Howwas_______dinneratMike’shouse?
Itwasgreat.Mike’smumis______wonderfulcook.
A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD.a,an
3语境特指
不是建立在上下文的照应关系上,而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。
Openthedoor.
Whereisthebook?
7.【2011全国II】Ashereached______frontdoor,Jacksaw_____strangesight.
A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填;aD.the;a
8.【2011山东】Takeyourtime—it’sjust_____shortdistancefromhereto_____restaurant.
A.不填;theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填;a
9.【2006北京】Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover___keyboard.
Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear___computer.
A.the,/B.the,aC.a,/D.a,a
10.【2008江西】---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.
---Itisnotyourfault.With__rush-hourtrafficand__heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.
A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a
考点2.独指:
指世上独一无二的事
定冠词的独指用法:
世界上独一无二的事物前,要用定冠词。
如:
thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld,theuniverse,etc.
11.Wecansee___sunand___moonin___picture.
A.a;the;theB.the;a;the
C.a;the;aD.the;the;the
12.It's____pleasuretosee____sunrisingin____east.
A./;the;/B.a;/;/C.a;the;theD./;the;the
考点3.类指
1可数名词表示类指时,有三种情况
Ahorseisadomestic(家养的)animal.
=Thehorseisadomesticanimal.
=Horsesaredomesticanimals.
但是这三种类指方法各有侧重:
the指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。
(多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)如:
ThecompasswasinventedinChina,butthecomputerwasnot.罗盘是在中国发明的,但计算机不是。
a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。
如:
Atigerisatypeofverylargefiercewildcat.
老虎是个子很大而凶猛的野猫类动物。
不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。
如:
Childrenusuallystartwalkingataroundoneyearold.
小孩儿一般一岁左右开始走路。
Doyoulikehorses?
你喜欢马吗?
(不能说Doyoulikeahorse?
)
在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。
Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.
虎有灭绝的危险。
(不能说Atigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类,而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险)
13.Itisoftensaidthat_____teachershave_____verysimplelife.
A./,/B./,aC.the,/D.the,a
14.______areverypopularwithpeopleallovertheworld,butdoyouknowwhowasitthatinvented______telephone?
A.Thetelephone;不填 B.Telephone;a
C.Thetelephones;the D.Telephones;the
15.____trainsarefasterthan____buses.
A./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a
16.【2012江西】TheSmithsdon’tlikestayingat_____hotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelby________sea.
A./;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;a
17.___isknownbyitsnote,___isknownbyhistalk.
A.Abird/aman B.Onebird/oneman
C.Thebird/theman D.Bird/man
18.【2011全国I】Itisgenerallyacceptedthat_____boymustlearntostandupandfightlike____man.
A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填
19.InChina,____carisbecoming____popularmeansoftransportation.
A.the;aB.a;/C.the;theD.a;the
20.Theinventionof_____wheelisagreatcontributionto_____man.
A.the;/B./;/C.a;theD./;the
21.【2009北京】Thebiggestwhaleis___bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong—theheightof___9-storybuilding.
A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a
22.【2008湖南】Haveyouheard______news?
Thepriceof_______petrolisgoingupagain!
A.the,theB.不填,the
C.the,不填D.不填,不填
2不可数名词泛指时不用冠词,特指时用定冠词
Waterisaliquid.水是液体。
Musicisanart.音乐是艺术。
Thewaterinthebottlegoesbad.
23.Moneyplaysanimportantrolein______materialworld.Butexpecting______moneytogivehappinessmaybemissingthemeaningoflife.
A.a;the B.the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.the;the
24.Sincehehasnosenseof______humor,I’msurehedidn’tcatch______humorinyourremarks.
A.不填;the B.a;the C.a;不填 D.the;a
25.Thecityassignedapolicemantotheschoolcrossingbecause______traffictherewassoheavy.
A.a B.an Cthe D.one
26.Itisknowntoallthat___lighttravelsfasterthan___sound.
A./;/B.a;aC.the;theD.the;/
27.【2010福建】It’sgoodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiworldexpothatgivesthem______pleasure
A.不填,aB.a,不填C.the,aD.a,the
28.【2012全国新课标】Sarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.
A.不填;aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a
考点4.名词有修饰语时,前面不一定都用定冠词
Ilikebookswithhardcovers.我喜欢精装书。
Ilikethebookswithhardcovers.我喜欢那些精装书。
在第一句中,books是泛指精装书这一类。
在第二句中,是特指,所以用定冠词。
在第一句中,withhardcovers是描绘性定语。
在第二句中,withhardcovers是限定性定语,只的是那些书中精装的那些,而不是别的。
限制性定语:
指of引导的定语或某些定语从句,他们限制名词的意义,是指特定的内容,和它相对的则是描绘型定语(这种定语只描绘,不限定意思):
名词被限制性定语修饰时,前面用定冠词;被描绘性定语修饰时,不用定冠词。
Shecaredlittleforsociallife.他对社交生活不太感兴趣。
(social为描绘性定语)
Hehasalwaysbeeninterestedinclassicalmusic.他一向喜欢古典音乐。
(classical为描绘性定语)
Thisisthebookyouwant.这是你想要的那本书。
(youwant为限制性定语)
Thisisabookyoumustread.这是本你必须要读的书。
(youmustread为描绘性定语)
29.【2000全国】Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith____animalsof___differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.
A.the;aB.不填;aC.the;theD.不填;the
30.【2012浙江】Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeen_______gradualprocessthroughout______humanexistencefromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.
A./,theB.the,aC.A./D.A.a
31.【2010浙江】Manylifestylepatternsdosuch__greatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedup__weakeningofthehumanbody.
A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/
32.【2005辽宁】Thisbooktells________lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft________schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.
A.the,theB.a,theC.the,不填D.a,不填
33.【2004北京春】On_____newstoday,therewere_____reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.
A.the;theB.the;不填
C.不填;不填D.不填;the
34.Asaconsequence,________fruitssuchaspeachesandpearsareinfactrelated,althoughtheyaredifferentat________firstsight.
A.the;theB./;theC./;/D.the;/
写作专练1.遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是类指(P15)
第一讲不定冠词a、an的基本用法
考点1.a,an的选择
用a还是用an,关键是看该单词音标中第一个音素是元音音素还是辅音音素。
Thereis__“u”intheword“use”.这里用a。
因为字母u的读音为,为辅音音素。
在26个字母前
用a的有14个:
bcdgjkpqtuvwyz
用an的有12个:
aeioflmnsxhr分类记为:
①元音字母(4个):
a,e,i,o
②字母读音中第一个音素为(6个):
f,l,m,n,s,x
③字母读音中第一个音素为(1个):
h
④字母读音中第一个音素为(1个):
r
anhonestboyanhouranhonor
____“M”____“N”___“L”(an)
____uglyman(an)
____universitystudent (a)
____Europeancar(a)
____800-word-longcomposition
_____180-metre-longroad(an,a)
1.Mr.Taylorhas____8-year-olddaughterwhois___girlforpainting–shehaswontwonationprizes.
A.a,aB.an,theC.an,aD.the,a
2.Susan,______universitystudentfromEurope,teachesme______artinhersparetime.
A.an;不填 B.a;the C.a;不填 D.an;the
3.Alittleboywrote____"U"and___"n"onthewall.
A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a
4.Nowheis___artist.Ihaveknownhimsincehewas___one-year-oldboy.
A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a
5.【2004浙江】TheWilsonslivein____A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis____17thcenturycottage.
A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,a
考点2.a/an有表示“每一个”之意,这时不能用one替换
6.Thetrainisrunningfiftymiles______.
A.anhour B.onehour C.thehour D.ahour
7.ThenewD-typetrainscanrunatspeedsof200to250kilometers________hour.ThetripfromShanghaitoBeijingonlytakes10hoursnow.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
考点3.help,success,honor,must,wonder,failure,wonder可以指人或指物时
抽象名词前一般不用任何冠词,但表示具体意义的“……的人或事”时是可数名词,其前用不定冠词如:
Thisbookisagreatsuccess.
Heisasuccessasawriter.
Heisagreathelptome.
Thisdictionaryisagreathelp.
8.Mr.Smithtoldusthat___goldmedalhissonhadgotwasconsidered___greathonortothewholefamily.
A.the;不填 B.the;a C.a;a D.a;the
9.Don’tyouthinkit___surprisethataGermancannotspeak___Germanlanguage?
A.不填;the B.a;the C.a;不填D.不填;the
10.【2007福建】—Howabout____Christmaseveningparty?
—Ishouldsayitwas___success.
A.a;aB.The;aC.a;不填D.the;不填
11.【2007浙江】Ilike_____colorofyourskirt.Itis_____goodmatchforyourblouse.
A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the
12.【2012山东】Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.
A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填;a
13._____on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis____majorconcernofthecountry.
A.The;/B.The;aC.An;theD.An;/
考点4.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”
如:
That’sagreentea.那是一种绿茶。
Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain.
他们淋了一场大雨。
It’sagreatpleasuretohaveatalkwithyou.
14.---Whatwouldyoulike,sir?
---______.
A.Twocupscoffee B.Twocupsofcoffees
C.Twocoffees D.Twocupofcoffees
15.【2012山东卷】Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.
A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填;a
考点5.在否定句中用于比较级时表示最高级的意思(参看P错误!
未定义书签。
错误!
未找到引用源。
)
16.【2006全国】Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheard___before.
A.thebetteroneB.thebestone
C.abetteroneD.agoodone
17.-Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?
-Yes.I’veneverbeento______ onebefore.
A.amoreexcited B.themostexcited
C.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting
考点6.用在一些专有名词和一些本身前面要用定冠词的名词前,表示某一方面
不定冠词用于专有名词前,表示某个时