关于针对高考英语核心动词归类.docx
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关于针对高考英语核心动词归类
HRPlanningSystemIntegrationandUpgradingResearchof
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高考英语核心动词归类
动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。
此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。
历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，
在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。
笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。
一、连系动词类
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：
1．变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。
2．感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。
3．状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep，come，run，remain，stand，lie，stay，prove等。
4．外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。
除了少数几个（如feel，get，become，grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。
例如：
Themixtureistastedterrible.（误）
Themixturetastesterrible（正）
Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.（误）
Jimpretendedtofall/besleepwhenhismothercamein.（正）
I'mfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.
Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.
【高考例题】
（1）[NMET1994]—Doyoulikethematerial?
—Yes,it_____verysoft.
A.isfeeling B.felt C.feels D.isfelt
（2）[NMET2003]Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?
Itwill_____freshforseveraldays.
A.bestayed B.stay
C.bestaying D.havestayed
（3）[2004春上海]Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_____astheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seat B.seating C.seated D.tobeseating
（4）[2002北京]Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay_____runoverbyacar.
A.have B.get C.become D.passed
（5）[2004天津]Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhave_____twenty-onealready.
A.becomeB.turned C.grown D.passed
（6）[2004全国Ⅱ]Sarah,hurryup.I′mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.
A.getchanged B.getchange
C.getchanging D.gettochange
（7）[2004湖北]Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she_____pale.
A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared
（8）[2004上海]Theflowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.
A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt
（9）[2002春上海]Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth_____poor.
A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues
（10）Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.
A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes
（11）[2005浙江]—Owe!
I'veburnedmyself!
—Howdidyoudothat?
—I_____ahotpot.
A.touched B.kept C.felt D.held
Key:
CBCBBACBBBA
二、感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，catch等。
感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。
1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
Ioftenheardthesongsung，butIhaveneverheardyousingit．
Whenyougotowatchthefootballwatch，youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin．
2.后接v.-ing形式表正在进行的动作。
Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea，weletontashoutofjoy.
Hearingthis，Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast．
3.后接v.-ed形式表被动意义。
Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.
AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.
【高考例题】
（1）[NMET2000]Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
A.carryout B.carryingout
C.carriedout D.tocarryout
（2）[NMET2003]Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking
C.tosmoke D.smoked
（3）Themissingboyswerelastseen_______neartheriver.
A.playing B.tobeplaying
C.play D.toplay
（4）[NMET1993]Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaught______andletheroff.
A.tohavestolen B.tobestealing
C.tosteal D.stealing
（5）[2004春北京]Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.put B.tobeputting
C.toput D.putting
Key:
CBADD
三、使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，send等。
使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。
分以下三种情况。
1.make，lethave等后接不带to的不定式，表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。
Don'tmakehimdoitifhedoesn'twantto．
Ifyouhaveanyproblems，justletmeknow．
在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中。
Hewasmadetoapologizetotheguest．
2.have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接v.-ing形式，表持续性动作。
I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.
Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessons?
3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，表被动含义。
Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethetimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired．
I’llkeepyouinformedassoonasIhavethenews．
【高考例题】
（1）[2004天津]Don'tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth．
A.run B.runnigC.beingrun D.torun
（2）[2004重庆]Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents
A.worried B.toworry
C.worrying D.worry
（3）[2003春安徽]—Whydidyougobacktotheshop?
—Ileftmyfriend______there.
A.waitingB.towaitC.wait D.waits
（4）[NMET1991]Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire______allnight.
A.toburn B.burn C.burning D.burned
（5）[NMET1989]—Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?
—I'dliketohavethispackage______,madam.
A.beweighed B.weighing
C.weighed D.toweigh
（6）[NMET1991]Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself.
A.hear B.tohear C.hearing D.heard
（7）[1994上海]Asyouhaveneverbeentherehefore,I'llhavesomeone_______youtheway.
A.show B.toshow
C.showing D.showed
（8）[NMET1995]Pauldoesn'thavetobemade______.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning
（9）[1999上海]Acomputercandoonlywhatthinkingpeople______.
A.haveitdo B.haveitdone
C.havedoneit D.havingitdone
（10）[1998上海]Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______wentwrong.
A.it B.itrepaired
C.repaired D.toberepaired
（11）[2005福建]IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI'mout,______himorherleaveamessase.
A.have B.get C.ask D.tell
Key:
BCACCDABACA
四、含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite，inspire，encourage，interest，satisfy，delight，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puzzle，tire，terrify等。
情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有v.-ing和v.-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，v.-ing形式指人，v.-ed形式则指事物。
Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.
Whatdisappointingresult!
Wewerealldisappointedwithit.
Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.
[高考例题]
（l）[2000春北京]Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes_____hisboss.
A.serves B.satisfies C.promises D.supports
（2）[2002春NMET]—l'mvery_____vithmyowncooking.Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.
—Mm,itdoeshavea_____smell.
A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased
C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant
（3）[2003春北京]Mr.Smith,_____ofthe_____speech,startedtoreadanovel.
A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored
C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring
（4）[2003上海]Itisbelievedthatifabookis______,itwillsurely____thereader.
A.interested;interest
B.interesting;beinterested
C.interested;beinteresting
D.interesting;interest
（5）[2004春上海]Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome________.
A.beingexhausted B.exhausted
C.exhausting D.havingexhausted
Key:
BDADB
五、后接不定式动词类
afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。
Thankyouforofferingtohelp,butIcanmanagemyself.
Helearnedtorideabieyclewhenhewasasmallboy.
（1）[NMET1995]Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.
A.havingmet B.meeting
C.tomeet D.tohavemet
（2）[NMET1992]LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetaken B.totake
C.beingtaken D.taking
（3）[2004辽宁]Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen______,butI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
A.tobeheard B.tobehearing
C.tohear D.tohaveheard
（4）[NMET1989]Shepretended______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottosee B.notseeing
C.tonotsee D.havingnotseen
（5）[2001上海]Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.
A.totell B.tobetold
C.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold
（6）[2005天津]Idon'twant_____likeI'mspeakingillofanybody.butthemanager'splanisunfair.
A.tosound B.tobesounded
C.sounding D.tohavesounded
Key:
CADADA
六、后边v.-ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postphone,resist,risk,stand,suggest等。
这些动词须接v.-ing形式作宾语。
例如：
Idon'tmindwailing,butI'vegottostandinthecoldwind.
Haveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplan?
OnlybypractisingspeakingEnglishevery,daycanyouexpecttoimproveyourspokenEnglish.
【高考例题】
（1）Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.
A.youtocall B.youcall
C.yourcalling D.you'recalling
（2）[1996上海]Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp_____
intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.
A.topersuade B.persuading
C.beingpersuaded D.bepersuaded
（3）[1992上海]Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis_____Dr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.
A.beencalled B.called
C.beingcalled D.havingcalled
（4）[2004上海]Ireallyappreciate______torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.
A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime
C.tohavetime D.tohavingtime
（5）[1994上海]Doyoumind_____aloneathome?
A.Janeleaving B.Janehavingleft
C.Jane'sbeingleft D.Janetobeleft
（6）[NMET1991]IcanhardlyimaginePeter_____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.sail B.tosail
C.sailing D.tohavesailed
Key:
CBCBCC
七、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember，try，regret，meanforget，stop，goon，can'thelp等后接不定式与v.-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。
见下表：
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
过去发生的动作
将来的动作
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图（打算）做某事
can'thelp
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
goon
继续做未完成的事情
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
forget
忘记以前曾做过某事
忘记做某事
stop
中断正在做的事情
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
例如：
Irememberbeingpad，butI'veforgottentheexactamount．
Pleaserem
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