高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解及答案.docx

高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解及答案.docx

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高考英语知识点过关培优训练阅读理解及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Plasticsludge（污泥）andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”

   Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”

   Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.

   China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon（黎巴嫩）.ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.

（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A. There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.

B. Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.

C. TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.

D. Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?

A. Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.  B. Theplasticparticles.

C. Seafood.                                                            D. Fattytissues.

（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A. AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.

B. Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.

C. Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,

D. Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.

（4）Whichmay bethetitleofthepassage?

A. PlasticpollutionintheWorld.

B. Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.

C. Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.

D. Plasticpollutionandourhealth.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句：

AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。

故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthesea，whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是塑料颗粒。

故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。

故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。

阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Idiomsareoneofthehardestpartsoflearningalanguage.Forthoseofyouwhodon'tknow,anidiomisaphrasewhichhasameaning,butthemeaningisnotclearfromthewordsthemselves.Ifyoutranslateanidiomwordforword,itsometimesmakesnosenseatall.Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfusedwhensomeoneusesaphrasethatthey'veneverheardof.

Withthatinmind,herearefivecommonEnglishidiomsthatyoucanuseinavarietyofSituations.

⒈Getyouracttogether（Meaning:

youneedtoimproveyourbehaviour/work）

   Thismightbesomethingyourteachersaystoyouifyouscorebadlyinanexamorifyoumisbehaveinclass.Youcanalsouseittotalkaboutpeopleingeneral.Forexample,ifyourfriendisbeingmeanornastyfornoreason,thenyoucantellthemthattheyneedtogettheiracttogether.

⒉Pullyourselftogether（Meaning:

calmdown）

   Thisisasomewhatimpolitewayoftellingsomeonethattheyareoverreactingandthat