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ethnictiesandtheirimpactonFDIlocationchoiceandfirmperformance

Africa,AsiaandtheMiddleEast  

RenewableEnergyFocus,Volume9,Issue6,November-December2008,Page8

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Africa,AsiaandtheMiddleEast  

RenewableEnergyFocus,Volume9,Issue4,July-August2008,Page9

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34

Africa,AsiaandtheMiddleEast  

RenewableEnergyFocus,Volume9,Issue2,March-April2008,Page6

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35

PlanktonicforaminiferalrecordsofEastAsiamonsoonchangesinthesouthernSouthChinaSeaduringthelast40,000 years  OriginalResearchArticle

MarineMicropaleontology,Volume73,Issues1-2,October2009,Pages1-13

RongXiang,MuhongChen,QianyuLi,JianguoLiu,LanlanZhang,JunLu

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Abstract

PlanktonicforaminiferalassemblagesandbenthicforaminiferaloxygenisotopeswereobtainedinagravitycoreNS07-25（6°39.945′N,113°32.936′E,waterdepth2006 m）collectedfromthesouthernSouthChinaSea（SCS）toinvestigateEastAsiamonsoonchangesduringthelast40,000 years.FourcoldeventsidentifiedfromfourpeaksoftherelativeabundanceofNeogloboquadrinapachyderma（dex.）andGlobigerinaquinquelobacorrelatewellwiththoseintheHulumonsoonrecordwithinageuncertainty,andcanbelinkedtoHeinricheventsintheNorthernAtlantichighlatitudes.WesuggestthattherelativeabundanceofN.pachyderma（dex.）andG.quinquelobainthesouthernSCScanbeusedasadirectproxyforEastAsiawintermonsoon（EAWM）changesduringglacialperiods.IncontrasttoitslowabundanceinthenorthernSCSandOkinawaTrough,therelativeabundanceofPulleniatinaobliquiloculatashowshighvaluesduringthelastglacialinthesouthernSCS,causedlikelybythecombinedimpactofoptimumwintersea-surfacetemperature（SST）andstrongermixing/enhancedupwellingatthattime.AP.obliquiloculataminimumevent（PME）foundintheOkinawaTroughandthenorthernandsouthernSCSduringtheH1periodwaspossiblyrelatedtoalargedropinwinterSSTduetotheintensifiedEAWM.WeproposethatthisPMEcanbealsousedasareliableregionalstratigraphicmarkerastheHoloceneone.A9-cmsandysiltlayerdepositincoreNS07-25duringtheH1periodprobablyrelatedtotheenhancedcurrentthatwascausedbytheespeciallystrengthenedEAWMatthattime.ThelastdeglacialwarmingrecordedintherelativeabundanceofwarmandcoldspeciesofplanktonicforaminiferrevealsthatchangesbetweentheEASMandEAWMwerenotinphasebutalternatingbetweenawintermonsoondominatednorthernhemisphereinfluenceandasummermonsoondominatedinfluenceofthetropicaldynamicsand/orsouthernhemisphereclimatechanges.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Materialsandmethods

3.Results

3.1.Benthicforaminiferoxygenisotopestratigraphyandagemodel

3.2.Planktonicforaminiferalrecords

4.Discussion

4.1.Heinricheventsduringthelast40 kainthesouthernSCS

4.2.P.obliquiloculatavariationsinthesouthernSCS

4.3.Patternsofthelastdeglaciationwarming

5.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

AppendixA.Supplementarydata

References

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MantledynamicsbeneathEastAsiaconstrainedbySr,Nd,PbandHfisotopicsystematicsofultramaficxenolithsandtheirhostbasaltsfromHannuoba,NorthChina  OriginalResearchArticle

ChemicalGeology,Volume248,Issues1-2,15February2008,Pages40-61

SungHiChoi,SamuelB.Mukasa,Xin-HuaZhou,XiangyangHelenaXian,AlexandreV.Andronikov

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WehavedeterminedtheSr,Nd,PbandHfisotopiccompositionsofclinopyroxeneseparatedfrommantle-derivedultramaficxenoliths（sixspinelperidotites,twocompositeCr-diopsidepyroxenites,andonediscreteAl-augitepyroxenite）hostedbyCenozoicalkalibasaltsatHannuoba,NorthChina,inordertounderstandthenatureofthemantlesourceforthisintraplatevolcanism,andthepetrologichistoryofthemantlelithospherebeneathNorthChinaBlock,acrustalsegmentoftheSino-KoreanCraton.

MeasuredSr,Nd,PbandHfisotopiccompositionsintheclinopyroxenegrainsseparatedfromspinelperidotiteandCr-diopsidepyroxenite（87Sr/86Sr = 0.70265to0.70485;206Pb/204Pb = 17.75to19.15;

Nd = 0to+ 11;

Hf = + 10to+ 38）displaymixinghyperbolasbetweenmantlecompositionalendmembersDMMandEMIIontheSr–PbandNd–Pbisotopecorrelationdiagrams.ThisisdistinctlydifferentfromthehostbasaltdatawhichshowamixtureofDMMandEMIcomponentsonthediagrams.Weinterpretthistoreflectinfiltrationbymetasomaticagents,possiblysilicatemelts,havinganEMII-likeisotopicsignature,whichenrichedaprecursortime-integrateddepletedmantle.

AnAl-augitepyroxenite,alsohostedbythesebasalts,ischaracterizedbyhighlyenrichedSr,Nd,andHfisotopiccompositions（87Sr/86Sr = 0.70733;

Nd = − 16;

Hf = − 18）withonlymoderatelyradiogenicPbthathasa206Pb/204Pbvalueof18.23.Allofthesedataplotoutside

（1）thefieldsforoceanicbasalts,and

（2）themixingarraysdefinedontheisotopiccorrelationdiagramsbyperidotites/Cr-diopsidepyroxenitewiththeirmetasomaticagents,andbythehostbasalt.Theseobservationssuggestthat

（1）Al-augitepyroxeniteisnotcogeneticwiththeCr-diopsidepyroxenite,

（2）parentalmeltsofthepyroxenitesarenotlikelytobethesourceforthemetasomatism,and（3）thethermo/mechanicallyreactivatedpyroxeniteand/orspinelperidotite,isnotlikelytobethesourceforhostbasaltmagmatism.TheCenozoicintraplatevolcanism,therefore,musthaveoriginatedintheasthenosphere.

Weobservethattherelativelylittle-metasomatizedHannuobaperidotitesdefineaLu–Hfisochronof2587 ± 86 Ma（2σ）.Thisvalueis,withinerror,indistinguishablefromtheSm–Ndisochronageoftheoverlyinggranuliteterrain.Wesuggest,therefore,thattheLu–Hfsystemcanbeusedtoconstrainthetimingoflithosphericmantledifferentiation.PreservationoftheNeoarcheanmantlelithospherebeneathHannuoba,despitetheprotractedtectono-magmaticreactivationduringtheMesozoicandCenozoicinthisarea,suggeststhatcompleteremovalofthelithosphericmantlebeneathEastAsiabywholesaledelaminationisunlikely.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Geologicalsettingandpetrographyofthexenolithsstudied

3.Analyticalmethods

4.Resultsandinterpretations

4.1.Whole-rockchemistry

4.2.Rareearthelementpatternofclinopyroxenes

4.3.Sr,Nd,PbandHfisotopiccompositions

5.Discussion

5.1.Mantlesourceforthehostbasaltvolcanism

5.2.Natureofthemetasomatizingagents

5.3.TheNeoarcheanLu–HfisochronagefortheHannuobaperidotites

5.4.PetrogeneticrelationshipsbetweentheHannuobapyroxenitesandLateMesozoicmagmatisminNorthernChina

6.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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GondwanatoAsia:

Platetectonics,paleogeographyandthebiologicalconnectivityoftheIndiansub-continentfromtheMiddleJurassicthroughlatestEocene（166–35 Ma）  OriginalResearchArticle

Earth-ScienceReviews,Volume88,Issues3-4,June2008,Pages145-166

JasonR.Ali,JonathanC.Aitchison

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Abstract

Usingthemostup-to-the-dateinformationavailable,wepresentaconsiderablyrevisedplatetectonicandpaleogeographicmodelfortheIndianOceanborderingcontinents,fromGondwana'sMiddleJurassicbreak-upthroughtoIndia'scollisionwithAsiainthemiddleCenozoic.Thelandmassframeworkisthenusedtoexplorethesometimescomplexandoccasionallycounter-intuitivepatternsthathavebeenobservedinthefossilandextantbiologicalrecordsofIndia,Madagascar,AfricaandeasternEurasia,aswellthoseofthemoredistalcontinents.

AlthoughthepaleogeographicmodelconfirmsthetraditionalviewthatIndiabecameprogressivelymoreisolatedfromthemajorlandmassesduringtheCretaceousandPaleocene,itislikelythatatvarioustimesminorphysiographicfeatures（principallyoceanislands）providedcausewaysand/orstepping-stonetrailsalongwhichlandanimalscouldhavemigratedto/fromthesub-continent.Asidefromalikelylink（albeitbrokenbyseveralmarinegaps）toAfricaformuchofthistime（itisnotable,thatthepresent-day/recentbiotaofMadagascarindicatesthattheancestorsoffiveland-mammalorders,plusbats,crossedthe> 400-km-wideMozambiqueChannelatdifferenttimesintheCenozoic）,itispossiblethattheKerguelenPlateauconnectedIndiaandAustralia–Antarcticainthemid-Cretaceous（approximately115–90 Ma）.Later,theSeychelles–MascarenePlateauandnearbyelevatedsea-floorareascouldhaveallowedfaunastopassbetweensouthernIndiaandMadagascarintheLateCretaceous,fromaround85–65 Ma,withanearlyCenozoicextensiontothispathformingasaresultoftheReunionhot-spottr