TED英语演讲稿6个月学会一门外语.docx

TED英语演讲稿6个月学会一门外语.docx

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TED英语演讲稿6个月学会一门外语

TED英语演讲稿：

6个月学会一门外语

　　简介、为什么有的人学了XX年的英语还是开不了口?

而另一些人却能迅速掌握一门外语?

上世纪80年代，语言学家chrislonsdale来到中国，仅用6个月的时间他就能说出流利的普通话。

他是怎么做到的?

一起来听听他的学习方法吧!

haveyoueverheldaquestioninmindforsolongthatitbecomespartofhowyouthink?

maybeevenpartofwhoyouareasaperson?

welli’vehadaquestioninmymindformany,manyyearsandthatis:

howcanyouspeeduplearning?

now,thisisaninterestingquestionbecauseifyouspeeduplearningyoucanspendlesstimeatschool.andifyoulearnreallyfast,youprobablywouldn’thavetogotoschoolatall.

now,wheniwasyoung,schoolwassortofokaybutifoundquiteoftenthatschoolgotinthewayoflearningsoihadthisquestioninmind:

howdoyoulearnfaster?

andthisbeganwheniwasvery,veryyoung,wheniwasaboutelevenyearsoldiwrotealettertoresearchersinthesovietunion,askingabouthypnopaedia,thisissleeplearning,whereyougetataperecorder,youputitbesideyourbedanditturnsoninthemiddleofthenightwhenyou’resleeping,andyou’resupposedtobelearningfromthis.

agoodidea,unfortunatelyitdoesn’twork.but,hypnopaediadidopenthedoorstoresearchinotherareasandwe’vehadincrediblediscoveriesaboutlearningthatbeganwiththatfirstquestion.iwentonfromtheretobecomepassionateaboutpsychologyandihavebeeninvolvedinpsychologyinmanywaysfortherestofmylifeupuntilthispoint.in1981itookmyselftochinaandidecidedthatiwasgoingtobenativelevelinchineseinsidetwoyears.

now,youneedtounderstandthatin1981,everybodythoughtchinesewasreally,reallydifficultandthatawesternercouldstudyfortenyearsormoreandneverreallygetverygoodatit.andialsowentinwithadifferentideawhichwas:

takingalloftheconclusionsfrompsychologicalresearchuptothatpointandapplyingthemtothelearningprocess.whatwasreallycoolwasthatinsixmonthsiwasfluentinmandarinchineseandtookalittlebitlongertogetuptonative.butilookedaroundandisawallofthesepeoplefromdifferentcountriesstrugglingterriblywithchinese,isawchinesepeoplestrugglingterriblytolearnenglishandotherlanguages,andsomyquestiongotrefineddownto:

howcanyouhelpanormaladultlearnanewlanguagequickly,easilyandeffectively?

nowthisareally,reallyimportantquestionintoday’sworld.wehavemassivechallengeswithenvironmentwehavemassivechallengeswithsocialdislocation,withwars,allsortsofthingsgoingonandifwecan’tcommunicatewe’rereallygoingtohavedifficultysolvingtheseproblems.soweneedtobeabletospeakeachother’slanguages,thisisreally,reallyimportant.

thequestionthenishowdoyoudothat.well,it’sactuallyreallyeasy.youlookaroundforpeoplewhocanalreadydoit,youlookforsituationswhereit’salreadyworkingandthenyouidentifytheprinciplesandapplythem.it’scalledmodellingandi’vebeenlookingatlanguagelearningandmodellinglanguagelearningforaboutfifteentotwentyyearsnow.

andmyconclusion,myobservationfromthisisthatanyadultcanlearnasecondlanguagetofluencyinsidesixmonths.nowwhenisaythis,mostpeoplethinki’mcrazy,thisisnotpossible.soletmeremindeverybodyofthehistoryofhumanprogress,it’sallaboutexpandingourlimits.

in1950everybodybelievedthatrunningonemileinfourminuteswasimpossibleandthenrogerbannisterdiditin1956andfromthereit’sgotshorterandshorter.100yearsagoeverybodybelievedthatheavystuffdoesn’tfly.exceptitdoesandweallknowthis.howdoesheavystufffly?

wereorganisethematerialsusingprinciplesthatwehavelearnedfromobservingnature,birdsinthiscase.andtodaywe’vegoneeverfurther,soyoucanflyacar.youcanbuyoneoftheseforacouplehundredthousandusdollars.wenowhavecarsintheworldthatcanfly.andthere’sadifferentwaytoflythatwe’velearnedfromsquirrels.soallyouneedtodoiscopywhataflyingsquirreldoes,buildasuitcalledawingsuitandoffyougo,youcanflylikeasquirrel.

no,mostpeople,alotofpeople,iwouldn’tsayeverybodybutalotofpeoplethinktheycan’tdraw.howevertherearesomekeyprinciples,fiveprinciplesthatyoucanapplytolearningtodrawandyoucan2actuallylearntodrawinfivedays.so,ifyoudrawlikethis,youlearntheseprinciplesforfivedaysandapplythemandafterfivedaysyoucandrawsomethinglikethis.nowiknowthisistruebecausethatwasmyfirstdrawingandafterfivedaysofapplyingtheseprinciplesthatwaswhatiwasabletodo.andilookedatthisandiwent‘wow,’sothat’showilooklikewheni’mconcentratingsointenselythatmybrainisexploding.so,anybodycanlearntodrawinfivedaysandinthesameway,withthesamelogic,anybodycanlearnasecondlanguageinsixmonths.

how:

therearefiveprinciplesandsevenactions.theremaybeafewmorebuttheseareabsolutelycore.andbeforeigetintothoseijustwanttotalkabouttwomyths,dispeltwomyths.thefirstisthatyouneedtalent.letmetellyouaboutzoe.zoecamefromaustralia,wenttoholland,wastryingtolearndutch,strugglingagreatdealandfinallypeopleweresaying:

‘you’recompletelyuseless,’‘you’renottalented,’‘giveup,’‘you’reawasteoftime’andshewasvery,verydepressed.andthenshecameacrossthesefiveprinciples,shemovedtobrazilandsheappliedthemandwithinsixmonthsshewasfluentinportuguese,sotalentdoesn’tmatter.

peoplealsothinkthatimmersioninanewcountryisthewaytolearnalanguage.butlookaroundhongkong,lookatallthewesternerswho’vebeenherefortenyears,whodon’tspeakawordofchinese.lookatallthechineselivinginamerica,britain,australia,canadahavebeenthereten,twentyyearandtheydon’tspeakanyenglish.immersionpersedoesn’tnotwork,why?

becauseadrowningmancannotlearntoswim.whenyoudon’tspeakalanguageyou’relikeababyandifyoudropyourselfintoacontextwhichisalladultstalkingaboutstuffoveryourhead,youwon’tlearn.

so,whatarethefiveprinciplesthatyouneedtopayattentionto;first:

thefourwords,attention,meaning,relevanceandmemory,andtheseinterconnectinveryimportantways.especiallywhenyou’ewithmeonajourneythroughaforest.yougoonawalkthroughaforestandyouseesomethinglikethis.littlemarksonatree,maybeyoupayattention,maybeyoudon’t.yougoanotherfiftymetresandyouseethis.youshouldbepayingattention.anotherfiftymetres,ifyouhaven’tbeenpayingattention,youseethis.

andatthispoint,you’repayingattention.andyou’vejustlearnedthatthisisimportant,it’srelevantbecauseitmeansthis,andanythingthatisrelated,anyinformationrelatedtoyoursurvivalisstuffthatyou’regoingtopayattentiontoandthereforeyou’regoingtorememberit.ifit’srelatedtoyourpersonalgoalsthenyou’regoingtopayattentiontoit,ifit’srelevantyou’regoingtorememberit.so,thefirstrule,thefirstprincipleforlearningalanguageisfocusonlanguagecontentthatisrelevanttoyou.whichbringsustotools.wemastertoolbyusingtoolsandwelearntoolsthefastestwhentheyarerelevanttous.

soletmeshareastory.akeyboardisatool.typingchineseacertainway,therearemethodsforthis.that’satool.ihadacolleaguemanyyearsagowhowenttonightschool;tuesdaynight,thursdaynight,twohourseachnight,practicingathome,shespentninemonths,andshedidnotlearntotypechinese.andonenightwehadacrisis.wehadfortyeighthourstodeliveratrainingmanualinchinese.andshegotthejob,andicanguaranteeyouinfortyeighthours,shelearnedtotypechinesebecauseitwasrelevant,itwasimportant,itwasmeaningful,shewasusingatooltocreatevalue.sothesecondtoolforlearningalanguageistouseyourlanguageasatooltocommunicaterightfromdayone.

asakiddoes.whenifirstarrivedinchinaididn’tspeakawordofchinese,andonmysecondweekigottotakeatrainrideovernight.ispenteighthourssittinginthediningcaretalkingtooneoftheguardsonthetrain,hetookaninterestinmeforsomereason,andwejustchattedallnightinchineseandhewasdrawingpicturesandmakingmovementswithhishandsandfacialexpressionsandpiecebypiecebypieceiunderstoodmoreandmore.butwhatwasreallycool,wastwoweekslater,whenpeopleweretalkingchinesearoundme,iwasunderstandingsomeofthisandihadn’tevenmadeanyefforttolearnthat.

whathadhappened,i’dabsorbeditthatnightonthetrain,whichbringsustothethirdprinciple.whenyoufirstunderstandthemessage,thenyouwillacquirethelanguage3unconsciously.andthisisreally,reallywelldocumentednow,it’ssomethingcalledcomprehensibleinputandthere’stwentyorthirtyyearsofresearchonthis,stephenkrashen,aleaderinthefieldhaspublishedallsortsofthesedifferentstudiesandthisisjustfromoneofthem.thepurplebarsshowthescoresondifferenttestsforlanguage.thepurplepeoplewerepeoplewhohadlearnedbygrammarandformalstudy,thegreenonesaretheoneswholearnedbycomprehensibleinput.so,prehensioniskeyandlanguagelearningisnotaboutaccumulatinglotsofknowledge.inmany,manywaysit’saboutphysiologicaltraining.

awomaniknowfromtaiwandidgreatatenglishatschool,shegotagradesallthewaythrough,wentthroughcollege,agrades,wenttotheusandfoundshecouldn’tunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying.andpeoplestartedaskingher:

‘areyoudeaf?

’andshewas.englishdeaf.becausewehavefiltersinourbrainthatfilternthesoundsthatwearefamiliarwithandtheyfilteroutthesoundsoflanguageswe’renot.andifyoucan’thearit,youwon’tunderstanditandifyoucan’tunderstandit,you’renotgoingtolearnit.soyouactuallyhavetobeabletohearthesesounds.andtherearewaystodothatbutit’sphysiologicaltraining.speakingtakesmuscle.you’vegotforty-threemusclesinyourface,youhavetocoordinatethoseinawaythatyoumakesoundsthatotherpeoplewillunderstand.

ifyou’veeverdoneanewsportforacoupleofdays,andyouknowhowyourbodyfeels?

andithurts?

ifyourfaceishurtingyou’redoingitright.andthefinalprincipleisstate.psycho-physiologicalstate.ifyou’resad,angry,worried,upset,you’renotgoingtolearn.period.ifyou’rehappy,relaxed,inanalphabrainstate,curious,you’regoingtolearnreallyquickly,andveryspecificallyyouneedtobetolerantofambiguity.ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhoneedstounderstand100%everywordyou’rehearing,youwillgonuts,becauseyou’llbeincrediblyupsetallthetime,becauseyou’renotperfect.ifyou’recomfortablewithgettingsome,notgettingsome,justpayingattentiontowhatyoudounderstand,you’regoingtobefine,you’llberelaxedandyou’llbelearningquickly.

sobasedonthosefiveprinciples,whatarethesevenactionsthatyouneedtotake?

numberone:

listenalot.icallitbrainsoaking.youputyourselfinacontextwhereyou’rehearingtonsandtonsofalanguageanditdoesn’tmatterifyouunderstanditornot.you’relisteningtopatterns,you’relisteningtothingsthatrepeat,you’relisteningtothingsthatstandout.so,justsoakyourbraininthis.thesecondaction:

isthatyougetthemeaningfirst,evenbeforeyougetthewords.yougowellhowdoidothat,idon’tknowthewords,well,youunderstandwhatthesedifferentposturesmean.humancommunicationisbodylanguageinmany,manyways,somuchbodylanguage.

frombodylanguageyoucanunderstandalotofcommunication,therefore,you’reunderstanding,you’reacquiringthroughcomprehensibleinput.andyoucanalsousepatternsthatyoualreadyknow.ifyou’re