英国文学史选读复习资料整理.docx
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英国文学史选读复习资料整理
OldEnglishPeriod
—Anglo-SaxonPeriod
(450-1066)
1.TheHistory
•From55BCto410AD,theRomansconqueredthelandandtransplanteditscivilization.
2.TheLiterature
Twodivisions:
Pagan&Christian
Pagan
TheSeafarer水手;TheFightatFinnisburg芬尼斯郡之战;TheWanderer流浪者;Waldhere瓦登希尔;TheBattleofMaldom马尔登战役
Widsith(威德西斯);ThecomplaintofDeor迪奥的抱怨
•Thewife’sLament妻子的哀歌;Ruin毁灭aregoodexamples.
Beowulf,England’snationalepic.
Writingfeatures
notaChristianbutapaganpoemofalladvancedpagancivilization,
Theuseofthestrongstressandthepredominanceofconsonantsareverynotableinthispoem.Eachlineisdividedintotwohalves,andeachhalfhastwoheavystresses
Theuseofalliterationisanothernotablefeatureandmakesthestressesmoreemphatic.
Therearealotofmetaphorsandunderstatementsinthispoem
Anglo-NormanPeriod
(1066-1350)
Theliterature
•TheGrowthoftheArthurianLegends
•ThelegendsofKingArthurandhisknightshadexistedasanoraltraditionsincethetimeoftheCelts.
•JohnWycliffe(1320-1384)
•thefirstmanwhoattemptedtotranslatetheBiblefromsonorousLatinintoEnglish.
•ChansondeRoland罗兰之歌
WilliamLangland
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)
Chaucer’scontributiontoEnglishLiteratureandLanguage
⏹the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”
⏹thefirstmostsignificantpoetinEnglishliteraryhistorytowriteinMiddleEnglish
⏹the“heroiccouplet”
⏹didmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthefoundationforthemodernEnglishlanguage
PopularBallads大众民谣
代表人物:
BishopThomasPercy托马斯.帕希主教
代表作:
RobinHoodandAllin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔
TheRenaissance
ThePre-ElizabathanPeriod(1400-1557)
ThomasMore托马斯.莫尔Utopia乌托邦
TheElizabethanAge
EdmundSpenser(1552-1599)
•TheShepheardesCalendar;TheFaerieQueene
PhilipSidney
•Arcadia;AstrophelandStella
ChristopherMarloweblankverse
•TamburlainetheGreat;TheJewofMalta;TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus
•
WilliamShakespeare
⏹ThemostpopularandthemostwidelyrespectedwriterinallEnglishliterature
Comedies:
⏹AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight.
Tragedies:
⏹Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.
Sonnet:
a“physical”poet;154innumber
1-126addressestoayoungman127-152toamysterious“DarkLady153-154aretranslationoradaptationsofsomeGreekepigram.
Ofstudies
Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?
Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforabilities.Butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Studiesperfectnature,andisperfectedbyexperience.Thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.Studiescantrain(shape)aperson’scharacterandmakeupaperson’sdeficiencies.Everydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt
The17thCentury
ABriefIntroductionofthe17thcentury
⏹Thecontradictionsbetweenthefeudalsystemandbourgeoisie
⏹JamesI:
1603-1625politicalandreligioustyranny
⏹CharlesI:
1625-1649
⏹OliverCromwell:
commonwealthprotector:
1653-1658
⏹CharlesII:
1660-1688theRestoration
⏹JamesII:
1685-1688
⏹WilliamofOranges:
1688-1702“GloriousRevolution”
⏹TheBillofRights权利法案:
1689
JohnDonne
代表作:
TheFlea
MetaphysicalPoetry
HolySonnet10
Song
AValediction:
ForbiddingMourning别离辞:
节哀
JohnMilton
⏹theearlyphaseofreadingandlyricwriting
⏹themiddlephaseofserviceinthePuritanRevolutionandthepamphleteeringforit
⏹thelast---thegreatest---phaseofepicwriting
ParadiseLost
---thegreatepic
ParadiseRegained;SamsonAgonistes
JohnBunyan
ThePilgrim’sProgress(essay)
The18th-centuryLiterature
TheRiseofEnglishNovels
Thehistoricalbackground
|Comparingwiththe17thcentury,the18thcenturyisaperiodforpeacefuldevelopment.
|Theconstitutionalmonarchyhasbeensetupbyparliamentin1688.
|Englandgrewfromasecondratecountrytoapowerfulnavalcountryinthiscentury.
|Withtheascentofthebourgeoisieculturallifehadundergoneremarkablechanges.
|TheriseoftheEnglishnovel.
代表作:
DanielDefoeRobinsonCrusoe
JonathanSwift
TheBattleoftheBooks;《书籍之战》
TheTaleofaTub;《一只桶的故事》
TheDrapier’sLetter;《布商来信》
AModestProposal;《一个温和的建议》
JournaltoStella;《给斯黛拉的日记》
Gulliver’sTravel.《格列夫游记》
Satiricalfeatures
⏹Swiftofferedanopportunityofself-scrutiny.(自我审视)
⏹TheLilliputians(小人国居民)andtheirinstitutionswereallaboutpeopleandtheirinstitutionsofEngland.
⏹TheBrobdingnagianswereincredibleUtopians.
⏹Thescientistsandphilosophersrepresentedtheextremesoffutiletheorizingandspeculationsinallareasofactivitysuchasscience,politics,andeconomicswiththeirinstinct-killingtendencies.
⏹ThepictureoftheYahoosmadeaclearstatementaboutmanandhisnature.
HenryFielding
TomJohnson
Socialsignificance
Thewritershowshisstronghatredforallthehypocrisyandtreacheryinthesocietyofhisageandhissympathyforthecourageousyoungrebelsintheirrighteousstruggle
The18th-centuryLiterature(II)
TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland
Therapiddevelopmentofsociallife
•Ontheeconomicscene,thecountrybecameincreasinglyaffluent.
•Onthepoliticalscene,afragileofbalancebetweenthemonarchandthemiddleclassexisted.
•Onthereligiousscene,deismcameintoexistence
代表
ThomasGray
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard
●amasterpieceoflyric
●Theme:
asentimentalmeditationuponlifeanddeath,esp.ofthecommonruralpeople,whoselife,thoughsimpleandcrude,hasbeenfullofrealhappinessandmeaning
●Poeticpattern:
quatrainsofiambicpentameterlinesrhymingABAB
●Mood:
melancholy,calm,meditative
●Style:
neoclassic
---vividvisualpainting,
---musical/rhythmic,
---controlledandrestrained,
---polishedlanguage
Section1Itsetsthesceneforthepoet’svisittothechurchyard.Itisenvelopedingloomandgrief,whichisarchetypalofgraveyard,poets’fascinationwithnight,graves,anddeath.Thetoneisechoedbythelastpartofthepoem
●Section2Ittellsaboutthepeopleentombedthereandrecallstheirlifeexperiences.Whenthe“rudeforefathersofthehamlet”lived.Theygotupearlyatthetwitteringofswallows,orarooster’swake-upcallorahunter’shorn,enjoyedfamilyblisswithwifeandkidsintheevening,orwerehappilybusywithfarmworkinthefields,butnowthattheylieintheir“narrowcells”,their“usefultoil”and“homelyjoys”happennomore.Thetoneisoneofmelancholyandregretforthedead.
●Section3Itwarnstherichandpowerfulnottodespisethepoorsinceallareequalinfaceofdeathandthegravelevelsoffalldistinction.Allnobility,power,andwealth“awaitalike”theinevitableendand“thepathsofgloryleadbuttothegrave”.Nothingcould
●everbringanythingbacktolife.
Section4
●Itexpresses,ontheonehand,thepoet’sregretthattheirlifehadnotbeencongenialtothegrowthandfullplayofthepoorfarmers’nativegiftsandtalentsand,ontheother,hisfeelingof“ablessingindisguise”fortheminthesensethat,becausetheydidnotcommitanycrimestohumankindnorhavetoplaytheobsequioussocialclimberagainstone’sintegrity.
Section5
●Itassertsthenotionthat,eventhoughtheylivedalesseventfullife,thereisnoreasontoforgetthesefarmers.
Section6
●Itportraysthescenariothatthepoetenvisionswouldhappenafterhisowndeath.Avillagerwouldsayofhim:
hegotupearlytogouphilltothelawnandlaytheremeditatingunderthetreeuntilnoon.Hewouldwanderinthewood,smilingatonemoment,mutteringtohimselfatthenext,sadandpale,likeone“inhopelesslove”.Thenforacoupleofdayshedidnotshowup,andonthethirddayhewasburiedinthechurchyard.
Section7
●Asheshowssympathyforthepoor,hegainsthefriendshipofmanandGod.Heasksthepassers-bynottogettoknowanymoreabouthismeritsandweaknessesashewaitsinhisgraveforGod’sjudgment.
●Thepoemtouchesthereaderstothequickwithitsnotablesadness
OliverGoldsmith’s
《TheVicarofWakefield》
•Pre-RomanticPoems(I)
WilliamBlake
TheSongsofExperience;THELAMB;TheTyger;TheSickRose
RobertBurns
⏹1)Politicalpoems---TheTreeofLiberty;
⏹2)Satiricalpoems---HolyWillie’sPrayer,TwoDogs
⏹3)Lyrics---MyHeart’sintheHighlands,ARed,RedRose,AuldLangSyne
Burns’spositionandhisfeatures
⏹AgreatScottishpeasantpoet;anationalpoetofScotland
⏹NumerousareBurns’ssongsofloveandfriendship.
⏹Hisgreatsuccesswaslargelyduetohiscomprehensiveknowledgeandexcellentmasteryoftheoldsongtraditions.
⏹Hispoetryhaveamusicalqualitythathelpstoperpetuatethesentiment
BurnsusheredatendencythatprevailedduringthehightimeofRomanticism
TheRomanticPeriod(I)
⏹“TheLakers”:
湖畔诗人
WilliamWordsworth
SamuelColeridge
RobertSouthey
•WilliamWordsworth
•LyricalBallads;LinesWritteninEarlySpring;TotheCuckoo;TheDaffodilsIWanderedLonelyasaCloud;MyHeartLeapsUp;IntimationsofImmortality不朽颂LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey
CommentsonWordsworth
Wordsworth’spoetryisdistinguishedbysimplicityandpurityofhislanguagewhichwasspokenbythepeasantswhoconveytheirfeelingsandemotionsinsimpleandunelaboratedexpressions.
•GeorgeGordonByron
•ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage;DonJuan;SheWalksinBeauty
•WhatisByronichero?
•Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishpoetry.
•Suchaheroisaproud,rebelliousfigureofnobleorigin.Passionateandpowerful,heisrighttoallthewrongsinacorruptedsociety,andhewouldfightsingle--hand