非谓语动词学案.docx
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非谓语动词学案
非谓语动词学案
高二英语课堂学案
非谓语动词
Name:
Group
主动语态
被动语态
否定式
句法功能
一般式
进行式
完成式
一般式
完成式
前面直接加not
主
宾
表
定
状
补
动词不定式
todo
tobedoing
tohavedone
tobedone
tohavebeendone
√
√
√
√
√
√
动词ing
doing
---------
havingdone
beingdone
havingbeendone
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
donevt.（被动完成）risenvi（主动完成）
√
√
√
√
注：
1.动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行；进行式所表示的动作正在进行；而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
2.动词ing的一般式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境；而完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
Hecameheretoborrowabook.
Ipretendedtobereadingwhenmothercamein.
SheissaidtohavebeensenttoEuropeonbusiness
Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.
Havingdonehishomework,hewenttobed.
Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.
一．不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别
1.-ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的将来动作。
Smokingisforbiddenhere．这里禁止抽烟。
（抽象）
Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.
Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
（具体）
2.不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
常见句型有itisadj.（of/forsb.）todosth.
Ittookwillandpatiencetodoanythingwell.
Itisniceofyoutosayso.
3..-ing在“Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doing，Itisfun（agreatpleasure,awasteoftime）”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。
Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。
Itisnogoodcryingthespiltmilk.覆水难收
Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain
1.__________alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.
A.LearnB.LearningC.learnedD.Beinglearned
2.Itisnotalwayseasy__________invitations.
A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefusedD.beingrefused
3.__________nowseemsimpossible.
A.SavingmoneyB.savedmoneyC.BeingsavedmoneyD.Tobesavedmoney
4.To answer correctly is more important than __________
A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly C. finishing quickly D. you finish quickly
5. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving
6. It was polite _________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A. for B. of C. to D. with
7. Is it necessary __________ the book immediately?
A. for him to return B. that he returns C. his returning D. of him to return
8. It __________ forty-five minutes __________ there by bus.
A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to
9.__________theassignmentmadehisfatherlosehistemper.A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone
二．不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别
1.-ing形式作宾语通常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimtoday.
2.1）有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。
2）有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：
admit承认；excuse原谅；practise练习；appreciate欣赏；finish完成；prevent防止；avoid避免；forgive宽恕； delay耽搁；imagine想象；keep保留；risk冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；miss错过；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；can’tstand忍不住；feellike想要；giveup放弃；putoff推迟；objectto反对;lookforwardto期望,keepon一直,setabout着手,
Shefinishedreadingthebook（看完这本书）yesterday.
Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?
你承认不承认打破了窗户？
Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.
Doyoufeelliketakingawalk?
你要不要去散步？
WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina. 我们期待着来中国。
Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom？
你介意我在室内吸烟吗？
①Idon’twant____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.
A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded
②Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.
A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted
3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同
InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
类似的知识点要记牢。
（1）remembertodosth.记住要做rememberdoingsth.记得过去做过
（2）forgettodosth.忘了已做过的事forgetdoingsth.忘记要做某事
（3）regrettodosth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾
regretdoingsth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔
（4）meantodosth.打算，想要meandoing意味着，意思是
（5）trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事
（6）can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，忍不住can’thelp（to）dosth.不能帮忙做某事
（7）considerdoing考虑做某事considersb.todo认为某人做某事
（8）stoptodo停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
stopdoing停止做（动名词作宾语）
（9）goontodo接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
goondoing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）
（10）beusedtodo被用来做某事
Beusedtodoing习惯于做某事
4.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter（=tobelookedafter）.
Thematterneedsthinkingover（=tobethoughtover）.
5.有些动词后要用“疑问词＋不定式”结构作复合宾语
ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
①Ican’tstand_____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.
A.working,stoppingB.towork,stoppingC.working,tostopD.towork,tostop
②Isn'tittimeyougotdownto______thepapers?
A.mark B.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking
③Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed_______.
A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimproved
C.where,improvingD.when,improving
④Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedalone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived
⑤Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering______tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.
A.togoB.goingC.tohavegoneD.havinggone
三．作宾补时,三者的区别
1.有些动词接不定式作宾补：
（和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成；表一次性动作）
①wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependonsbtodo
注意：
advise/allow/permit/forbid+sb.todo
advise/allow/permit/forbid+doing作宾语时
Heaskedmetofinishitintime.
Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.
②seesb.do此类动词还有hear,listentowatch,observehavefindfeelnoticelookatsmell等
doing
done
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.（主动进行）
Isaw
himgotothecinema.（主动，全过程）
Weheardhersingingnextdoor.（主动进行）
IheardthesongsunginEnglishmanytimes.
3.make+oneself+done
Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。
①Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
②—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?
—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.
A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing
③Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifhewasfound________inkitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
④TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishasmuchaswecan.
A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak
四．做表语时三者的区别
1.不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
Myjobistohelpthepatient.（说明主语具体内容）
Hiswishistobuyasleepingcarinthenearfuture．
2-ing形式作表语：
①表示抽象的、一般性的行为。
（说明主语具体内容，主表可换位）
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．
Herjobislookingafterthechild.
②表“令人如何如何”（主语所具有的特征），如：
astonishing\exciting\moving\surprising\tiring\interesting\amusing\shocking\worrying
Hisreportisinteresting.
Themusicsoundsexciting.
3V-ed：
（主语所处的状态）表“让人感到如何如何”如：
astonished\excited\moved\surprised\tired\interested\amused\shocked\worried\disappointed\drunk\frightened\married\confused\pleased\puzzled\satisfied等
Thecupsarebroken.
Sheisinterestedinthejob.
①Tomsoundsverymuch______inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.
A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly
②Pleaseremain;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.
A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated
五．作定语时,三者的区别
1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，若为动宾关系，动词须为及物动词，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词chance/opportunity等或由序数或形容词最高级修饰的名词。
Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.
Ineedapentowritewith.Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowwillbeimportant.
2.-ing作定语①多位于其前表示其性能、用途（无时间性可换为for+doing）
Hehasareadingroom.asleepingcar（acarforsleeping）
②表正在进行（主谓关系）即主动进行，可换为定语从句;
asleepingboyThegirlgatheringflowersisbeautiful.
Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisimportant.
3.过去分词作定语有（动宾关系，表完成）即被动完成，可换为定语从句。
abrokencupThequestiondiscussedyesterdayisimportant.
AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.（（AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.）
注意：
①不定式作定语被thefirst/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。
例如：
Sheisalwaysthefirst（one）tocomeandthelasttoleave.
②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
例如：
Let'sfirstfindaroomtolivein/toputthethingsin.
Wehavenothingtoworryabout.（=Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.）
③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,
则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
例如：
Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.（I...do...things）
Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?
（you...say...anything）
HereisalettertobetakentoMr.Li.
①Ifthereisalotofwork_______,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing
②WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
③—Thelastone___________paysthemeal.—Agreed!
A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving
④TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.
⑤ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures______inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.
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