GeoTIFF Format Specification.docx

GeoTIFF Format Specification.docx

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GeoTIFFFormatSpecification

GeoTIFFFormatSpecification

GeoTIFF格式规范

GeoTIFFRevision1.0第一版

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SpecificationVersion:

1.8.2

规范版本:

1.8.2

LastModified:

10November,1995

最后更新日期：

1995年11月10日

Authors:

作者：

NilesRitter,JetPropulsionLaboratory喷气推进实验室

CartographicApplicationsGroup地图应用小组

4800OakGroveDr.

Pasadena,CA91109

email:

**************.nasa.gov

MikeRuth,SPOTImageCorpSPOT影像公司

ProductDevelopmentGroup产品开发部

1897PrestonWhiteDr.

Reston,VA22091

email:

*************

Acknowledgments:

感谢：

GeoTIFFWorkingGroup:

GeoTIFF工作组：

MikeRuth,NilesRitter,EdGrissom,BrettBorup,GeorgeGalang,

JohnHaller,GaryStephenson,SteveCovington,TimNagy,

JamieMoyers,JimStickley,JoeMessina,YvesSomer.

AdditionaladvicefromdiscussionswithTomLane,SamLefflerregarding

TIFFimplementations.

RogerLott,FredrikLundh,andJarleLandprovidedvaluableinformation

regardingprojections,projectioncodedatabasesandgeodetics.

GeoTIFFMailinglist:

Posting:

******************.nasa.gov

Subscription:

**************************.nasa.gov

（sendmessage"subscribegeotiffyour-name-here"）.

DisclaimersandNotesforThisVersion:

免责声名：

ThisproposalhasnotbeenapprovedbySPOT,JPL,oranyotherorganization.Thisrepresentsaproposal,whichderivesfrommanydiscussionsbetweenaninternationalbodyofTIFFusersanddevelopers.

Theauthorsandtheirsponsorsassumenoliabilityforanyspecial,incidental,indirectorconsequencesofanykind,oranydamageswhatsoeverresultingfromlossofuse,dataorprofits,whetherornotadvisedofthepossibilityofdamage,andonanytheoryofliability,arisingoutoforinconnectionwiththeuseofthisspecification.

Copyright版权说明

PortionsofthisspecificationarecopyrightedbyNilesRitterandMike

Ruth.Permissiontocopywithoutfeeallorpartofthismaterialisgrantedprovidedthatthecopiesarenotmadeordistributedfordirectorcommercialadvantageandthiscopyrightnoticeappears.

LicensesandTrademarks许可与注册商标

AldusandAdobeareregisteredtrademarks,andTIFFisaregistered

trademarkofAldusCorp.,nowownedbyAdobe.SPOTImage,ESRI,ERDAS,

ARC/Info,IntergraphandSoftdeskareregisteredtrademarks.

Concurrence

ThefollowingmembersoftheGeoTIFFworkinggrouphavereviewedand

approvedofthisrevision.

NameOrganizationRepresenting

-------------------------------------------------------

NilesRitterJetPropulsionLabsJPLCartoGroup

MikeRuthSPOTImageCorp.（USA）SPOTImageCorp.

（USA）

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TableofContents内容表

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1Introduction

1简介

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1.1AboutthisSpecification

1.1关于规范

Thisisadescriptionofaproposaltospecifythecontentandstructureofagroupofindustry-standardtagsetsforthemanagementofgeoreferenceorgeocodedrasterimageryusingAldus-Adobe'spublicdomainTagged-ImageFileFormat（TIFF）.

ThisspecificationcloselyfollowstheorganizationandstructureoftheTIFFspecificationdocument.

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1.1.1Background

TIFFhasemergedasoneoftheworld'smostpopularrasterfileformats.ButTIFFremainslimitedincartographicapplications,sincenopubliclyavailable,stablestructureforconveyinggeographicinformationpresentlyexistsinthepublicdomain.

Severalprivatesolutionsexistforrecordingcartographicinformation

inTIFFtags.Intergraphhasamatureandsophisticatedgeotietag

implementation,butthisremainswithintheprivateTIFFtagset

registeredexclusivelytoIntergraph.Othercompanies（suchasESRI,

andIslandGraphics）havegeographicsolutionswhicharealso

proprietaryorlimitedbyspecificapplicationtotheirsoftware's

architecture.

ManyGIScompanies,rasterdataproviders,andtheirclientshave

requestedthatthecompaniesconcernedwithdeliveryandexploitation

ofrastergeographicimagerydevelopapubliclyavailable,platform

interoperablestandardforthesupportofgeographicTIFFimagery.Such

TIFFimagerywouldoriginatefromsatelliteimagingplatforms,aerial

platforms,scansofaerialphotographyorpapermaps,orasaresultof

geographicanalysis.TIFFimageswhichweresupportedbythepublic

"geotie"tagsetwouldbeabletobereadandpositionedcorrectlyin

anyGISordigitalmappingsystemwhichsupportsthe"GeoTIFF"

standard,asproposedinthisdocument.

Thesavingstotheusersandprovidersofrasterdataandexploitation

softwaresarepotentiallysignificant.Withaplatforminteroperable

GeoTIFFfile,companiescouldstopspendingexcessivedevelopment

resourceinsupportofanyandallproprietaryformatswhichare

invented.Dataprovidersmaybeabletoproduceoff-the-shelfimagery

productswhichcanbedeliveredinthe"generic"TIFFformatquickly

andpossiblyatlowercost.End-userswillhavetheadvantageof

developedsoftwarethatexploitstheGeoTIFFtagstransparently.Most

importantly,thesamerasterTIFFimagewhichcanbereadandmodified

inoneGISenvironmentmaybeequallyexploitableinanotherGIS

environmentwithoutrequiringanyfileduplicationorimport/export

operation.

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1.1.2History

TheinitialeffortstodefineaTIFF"geotie"specificationbeganunder

theleadershipofEdGrissomatIntergraph,andothersintheearly

1990's.In1994aformalGeoTIFFmailing-listwascreatedand

maintainedbyNilesRitteratJPL,whichquicklygrewtoover140

subscribersfromgovernmentandindustry.Thepurposeofthelististo

discusscommongoalsandinterestsindevelopinganindustry-wide

GeoTIFFstandard,andculminatedinaconferenceinMarchof1995

hostedbySPOTImage,withrepresentativesfromUSGS,Intergraph,ESRI,

ERDAS,SoftDesk,MapInfo,NASA/JPL,andothers,inwhichthecurrent

workingproposalforGeoTIFFwasoutlined.Theoutlinewascondensed

intoaprereleaseGeoTIFFspecificationdocumentbyNilesRitter,and

MikeRuthofSPOTImage.

FollowingdiscussionswithDr.RogerLottoftheEuropeanPetroleum

SurveyGroup（EPSG）,theGeoTIFFprojectionparametrizationmethodwas

extensivelymodified,andbroughtintocompatibilitywithboththePOSC

Epicentremodel,andtheFederalGeographicDataCommittee（FGDC）

metadataapproaches.

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1.1.3Scope

TheGeoTIFFspecdefinesasetofTIFFtagsprovidedtodescribeall

"Cartographic"informationassociatedwithTIFFimagerythatoriginates

fromsatelliteimagingsystems,scannedaerialphotography,scanned

maps,digitalelevationmodels,orasaresultofgeographicanalyses.

Itsaimistoallowmeansfortyingarasterimagetoaknownmodel

spaceormapprojection,andfordescribingthoseprojections.

GeoTIFFdoesnotintendtobecomeareplacementforexistinggeographic

datainterchangestandards,suchastheUSGSSDTSstandardortheFGDC

metadatastandard.Rather,itaimstoaugmentanexistingpopular

raster-dataformattosupportgeoreferencingandgeocodinginformation.

Thetagsdocumentedinthisspecaretobeconsideredcompletely

orthogonaltotheraster-datadescriptionsoftheTIFFspec,andimpose

norestrictionsonhowthestandardTIFFtagsaretobeinterpreted,

whichcolorspacesorcompressiontypesaretobeused,etc.

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1.1.4Features

GeoTIFFfullycomplieswiththeTIFF6.0specifications,andits

extensionsdonotinanywaygoagainsttheTIFFrecommendations,nor

dotheylimitthescopeofrasterdatasupportedbyTIFF.

GeoTIFFusesasmallsetofreservedTIFFtagstostoreabroadrange

ofgeoreferencinginformation,cateringtogeographicaswellas

projectedcoordinatesystemsneeds.ProjectionsincludeUTM,USState

PlaneandNationalGrids,aswellastheunderlyingprojectiontypes

suchasTransverseMercator,LambertConformalConic,etc.No

informationisstoredinprivatestructures,IFD'sorothermechanisms

whichwouldhideinformationfromnaiveTIFFreadingsoftware.

GeoTIFFusesa"MetaTag"（GeoKey）approachtoencodedozensof

informationelementsintojust6tags,takingadvantageofTIFF

platform-independentdataformatrepresentationtoavoidcross-platform

interchangedifficulties.Thesekeysaredesignedinamannerparallel

tostandardTIFFtags,andcloselyfollowtheTIFFdisciplineintheir

structureandlayout.Newkeysmaybedefinedasneedsarise,within

thecurrentframework,andwithoutrequiringtheallocationofnewtags

fromAldus/Adobe.

GeoTIFFusesnumericalcodestodescribeprojectiontypes,coordinate

systems,datums,ellipsoids,etc.Theprojection,datumsandellipsoid

codesarederivedfromtheEPSGlistcompiledbythePetrotechnical

OpenSoftwareCorporation（POSC）,andmechanismsforaddingfurther

internationalprojections,datumsandellipsoidshasbeenestablished.

TheGeoTIFFinformationcontentisdesignedtobecompatiblewiththe

datadecompositionapproachusedbytheNationalSpatialData

Infrastructure（NSDI）oftheU.S.FederalGeographicDataCommittee

（FGDC）.

WhileGeoTIFFprovidesarobustframeworkforspecifyingabroadclass

ofexistingProjectedcoordinatesystems,itisalsofullyextensible,

permittinginternal,privateorproprietaryinformationstorage.

However,sincethisstandardarosefromtheneedtoavoidmultiple

proprietaryencodingsystems,useofprivateimplementationsistobe

discouraged.

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1.2RevisionNotes

ThisisthefinalreleaseofGeoTIFFRevision1.