主谓一致用法.docx
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主谓一致用法
主谓一致用法大全
一、由and或both…and连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,例如:
LiHongandIaregoingtheretomorrow.
TomandMikeworkhardatChinese.
Maryandherbrotheraresittingonthegrass.
Bothbreadandbutterweresoldoutinthatgrocery.
BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.
注:
虽然由and连接,但实际上是指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词应当用单数。
这时应注意冠词的用法,如:
ThepoetandwriterhasgonetoShenzhen.
Thereisaknifeandforkonthetable.
Hereisaneedleandthreadforyou.
Thebreadandbutterhasgonebad.
Breadandbuttertastesgood.
cf.Thebreadandthebuttertastegood.
二、由aswellas,with,togetherwith,alongwith,nolessthan,like,but,not,except,besides,ratherthan,including等连接的两个主语,其谓语动词应与第一个保持人称和数的一致,因为aswellas等后面的主语只是一个陪衬,对第一个主语不发生影响。
例如:
NobodybutTomandJackknowsthesecret.
Weaswellasheareinterestedinphysics.
Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isgoingtoseethefilm.
Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,hasgonetothepark.
Manypeople,includingmymother,wanttobuythiskindofcloth.
Nothingbuttwobookswasfoundinthebox.
三、由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有each,every,no修饰时,谓语动词用单数,如:
Everydoorandeverywindowistobecleaned.
Everyteacherandeverystudentwaspresent.
Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenapresent.
Eachteapotandeachteacuphasbeenwashedclean.
Noteacherand(no)studentisallowedtoentertheroomwithoutpermission.
Noteacherandnostudentwasabsent.
四、each本身作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词则用复数,如:
Eachofthebooksisofgreatusetous.
Eachofushassomethingtosay.
Eachofthem/thestudentshasadictionary.
Theyeachhaveadictionary.
Thechildrenhaveastorybookeach.
五、由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,都作单数看待,谓语动词用单数,例如:
Somethingiswrongwiththemachine.
NobodyknowswhereTomlives.
Iseverybodyready?
Somebodyisusingthephone.
Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?
Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?
Everythingisready.
Thereisnobodyinthehouse.
Someonewantstoseeyou.
六、one,theother,another作主语时,谓语动词应当用单数,如:
Oneofthemismyfriend;theotherisastrangertome.
cf.Wherearetheotherstudents?
七、either和neither作主语时,在正式文体中要与单数动词连用;但在非正式文体和美国英语中可与复数动词连用;当either或neither后面跟有ofthem,ofthebooks等时,用复数动词较好,如:
IwrotetoJohnandHenrybutneither(ofthem)has/havereplied;infact,Idoubtifeither(ofthem)is/arecoming.
Neitheroftheanswersiscorrect.
Eitherofyouistostayhere.
Neitherofthemknows/knowtheanswer.
八、“manya(n)+单数动词”在意义上表示复数,且强调数量之多,但其谓语动词应使用单数,如:
ManyaforeignguesthascometoChinatovisittheGreatWall.
Manyaboyhasmadesuchafunnyexperiment.
Manyamanhassacrificedhislifeforthecauseoftherevolution.
注:
当agood/greatmany+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词应用复数,如:
Thereareagreatmanystudentsworkingintheroom.
九、“morethanone+单数名词”作主语,尽管意思为“不止一个”,但因有one,谓语动词要用单数,如:
Morethanonepersonwasdismissed.
Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.
Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.
Morethanonestudentwaspraisedatthemeeting.
Thereismorethanoneanswertoyourquestion.
注①:
如果morethan直接加复数名词作主语,则谓语动词用复数,如:
Morethantwohundredpeoplearetoattendthismeeting.
Morethantwohundredpeoplehavevisitedthevillage.
注②:
如果morethanone后面没有名词,那么谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这要取决于more和one哪一个重读,如:
Morethanˊoneisgoing.
ˊMorethanonearegoing.
十、单个的不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,如:
Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.
Playingwithfireisdangerous.
Toseeistobelieve.
Tomasteraforeignlanguagerequiresatleastseveralyears.
Whathesaysiswrong/isquiteright.
Whenandwheretobuildthefactoryisnotdecidedyet.
cf.Whentobuildthefactoryandwheretobuilditarenotdecidedyet.
注:
如果两个或两个以上的并列词组或从句作主语,表示两件事,并且不使用形式主语时,谓语动词大多使用复数形式,如:
Readingandlisteningaretwodifferentskills.
Swimmingandskatingaremyfavouritesports.
Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree.
十一、由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)连接两个或多个并列主语时,谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则,与其靠近的一个相一致,如:
Heoryouhavetakenmypen.
Heoryouaretodothisexperiment.
EitheryouorIammad/wrong.
Eitheryouorheistoblame. (Areeitheryouorhetoblame?
)
Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherlikesthefilm.
NeitherTomnorhisparentshaveknownaboutit.
NeitherhenorIhavefinishedtheexperiment.
Notonlyhisbrotherbutalsohistwosistersarefondofsports.
Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentsobjecttotheplan.
注①:
在非正式文体中,由neither…nor连接的并列主语也可以根据意义一致的原则,采取复数形式,如:
NeithermyfathernorIweretherethatday.
Neitherhenorhiswifehavearrived.
注②:
由either…or和or连接的两个单数名词作主语,在非正式文体中,有时也可跟复数动词,但在大多数情况下还是应根据就近一致的原则,如:
IfeitherDavidorJanetcome,theywillwantadrink. (非正式)
IfeitherDavidorJanetcomes,heorshewillwantadrink. (正式)
十二、当all,part,most,half,therest,theremainder等表示全体、部分的名词或代词用作主语时,应根据意义一致的原则确定谓语的形式,如果所指的是复数意义,动词用复数;如果只是概括地指整个事件、事情或抽象概念,即所指的是单数意义,动词则用单数,如:
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
Sinceallarehere,let’sbeginthemeeting.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Allofthemwereverytired.
Therestofthelectureisdull.
Therestofthebicyclesareonsaletoday.
Halfofthebuildingwasdestroyed.
Halfofthestudentsareboys.
Mostofmyfriendsareawayforthemoment.
Mostofhissparetimewaswasted.
Thisisthelastcopy;therestaresold.
Thereisplentyofmilk.Someisforyou;therestisforhim.
十三、
①noneof与复数名词连用时,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,这主要看说话人的态度;在非正式文体中复数更常见,例如:
Noneofmyfriendsevercome(s)toseeme.
Noneofusare/isafraidofdifficulties.
Noneofthepassengerswere/wasinjured.
None(ofthem)have/hasarrivedyet.
Nonehavehadtheirlunch. (Nonehashadhislunch.)
注:
none用于三个或三个以上的人和物的否定;两者用neither。
②none代表不可数的东西(noneof+不可数名词)时,谓语动词则用单数,如:
Noneofthisworriesme.
Noneofthemoneyismine.
Noneofthesugarwasleft.
Thereisnoneofitleft.
十四、both,afew,many等代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,例如:
Bothofthemhaven’treadthisstory.
AfewofthemknowFrench.
Manywerewithoutshoes.
Weworkhard,andmanyaredoingverywell.
十五、以there,here开头的句子,主语又不只一个时,其动词应根据就近一致的原则,与靠近的那个主语相一致,如:
Therecomesthebus.
Thereisatableandsomechairsintheroom.
Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.
Hereisateacherandsomestudents.
十六、某些表示总体意义的名词,如:
police,people,youth,cattle,militia,poultry等,在任何情况下都应作复数处理,如:
Arethereanypolicearound?
ThemilitiaarealloutdrillingfortheNationalDayparade.
Ouryoutharepromising.
Thecattlearegrazing.
Youtharecomparedtothesunat8or9inthemorning.
十七、有些集合名词,如:
family,class,audience,crew,crowd,group,army,committee,enemy,team,public,union,government,school等,应根据其在句子中的含义确定动词的单复数。
如果强调组成该集体的各个成员,谓语动词用复数;如果强调整体概念,谓语动词则用单数,如:
Thecommitteehasconsideredyourrequest.
Thecommitteearedividedintheiropinion.
Myfamilyissmall/isabigone.
Myfamilyareallmusiclovers/areallwell.
Thecrewwasmadeupofstrongandablemen.
ThecrewwerewatchingTV.
Thefootballteamisthebestoneinthisarea.
Thefootballteamarehavingabath.
十八、“akind(或sort,type,series)of+名词”作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:
Aseriesofhisworkshasbeenprinted.
ThereisakindofroseinthegardenwhichfillstheairwithfragrancewhenMaycomes.
注①:
在“thiskindof+名词”结构中,不管名词是单数还是复数,谓语动词都用单数形式,如:
Thiskindofmanannoysme.
Thiskindofmenisdangerous.
Thiskindofapplesishighlypriced.
Thiskindofbook(s)isusefultous.
注②:
在“these/thosekindof+复数名词”结构中,谓语动词则用复数,(kindof前后的词均为复数),如:
Thesekindoftestsaregood.
ThesekindofcarsaremadeinJapan.
Thesetypeofmachinesareup-to-date.
Thesekindofmenannoyme.
注③:
kind本身为复数,谓语动词也应当用复数形式,如:
Somekindsofbamboogrowveryfast.
Therearemanykindsofapples.
Thosekindsofappletreeshavenotyetgrownup.
Therearedifferentkindsofanimalsinthezoo.
注④:
如果以apples/men作名词词组的中心词,谓语动词自然也用复数,如:
Applesofthiskindarehighlypriced.
Booksofthiskindareusefultous.
Menofthiskindaredangerous.
Filmsofthiskindarenotworthseeing.
十九、由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数,如:
Thescissorsaredull.Buttheyaremyonlypair.
Wherearemytrousers/glasses/shoes?
Wherearemyspectacles?
Ican’tfindthem.
这类词有trousers,glasses,shoes,jeans,pants,scissors,spectacles等。
其他类似的还有:
clothes,manners等。
注:
如果在这类名词前用了量词pair等时,其谓语动词应与pair等的单复数相一致,如:
Thispairoftrousers/scissorsisn’tmine.
Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.
Asuitofclothesisnotenough.
二十、某些表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时,尽管其形式是复数,但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体,因此根据意义一致的原则,谓语动词多用单数形式,如:
Eightydollarsamonthisalargesuminoureyes,butitisnothingtohim.
Tenminutesisenoughformetoworkouttheproblem.
Tenyearsisashorttimeinhumanhistory.
Tenmilesisalongway.
Sixtyminutesisanhour.
Twoandtenistwelve.Twotimesfouriseight.98and3is101.
当然,在许多情况下,也可根据语法一致的原则,把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体,使用复数动词,如:
TenyearshavepassedsinceIleftthecity.
Twoplustwois/arefour.
Twoandtwomake/makesfour.
二十一、分数、百分数修饰物质名词时,谓语动词用单数;修饰复数名词时,用复数;修饰集合名词时,可用单数,也可用复数,如:
Thirtypercent/Onehalfoftheworkhasbeendone.
Seventypercentofthesurfaceo