主谓一致用法.docx

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主谓一致用法

主谓一致用法大全

 

 

一、由and或both…and连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,例如:

   LiHongandIaregoingtheretomorrow.

   TomandMikeworkhardatChinese.

   Maryandherbrotheraresittingonthegrass.

   Bothbreadandbutterweresoldoutinthatgrocery.

   BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.

   注:

虽然由and连接,但实际上是指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词应当用单数。

这时应注意冠词的用法,如:

   ThepoetandwriterhasgonetoShenzhen.

   Thereisaknifeandforkonthetable.

   Hereisaneedleandthreadforyou.

   Thebreadandbutterhasgonebad.

   Breadandbuttertastesgood.

   cf.Thebreadandthebuttertastegood.

二、由aswellas,with,togetherwith,alongwith,nolessthan,like,but,not,except,besides,ratherthan,including等连接的两个主语,其谓语动词应与第一个保持人称和数的一致,因为aswellas等后面的主语只是一个陪衬,对第一个主语不发生影响。

例如:

   NobodybutTomandJackknowsthesecret.

   Weaswellasheareinterestedinphysics.

   Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isgoingtoseethefilm.

   Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,hasgonetothepark.

   Manypeople,includingmymother,wanttobuythiskindofcloth.

   Nothingbuttwobookswasfoundinthebox.

三、由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有each,every,no修饰时,谓语动词用单数,如:

   Everydoorandeverywindowistobecleaned.

   Everyteacherandeverystudentwaspresent.

   Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenapresent.

   Eachteapotandeachteacuphasbeenwashedclean.

   Noteacherand(no)studentisallowedtoentertheroomwithoutpermission.

   Noteacherandnostudentwasabsent.

四、each本身作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词则用复数,如:

   Eachofthebooksisofgreatusetous.

   Eachofushassomethingtosay.

   Eachofthem/thestudentshasadictionary.

   Theyeachhaveadictionary.

   Thechildrenhaveastorybookeach.

五、由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,都作单数看待,谓语动词用单数,例如:

   Somethingiswrongwiththemachine.

   NobodyknowswhereTomlives.

   Iseverybodyready?

   Somebodyisusingthephone.

   Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?

   Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?

   Everythingisready.

   Thereisnobodyinthehouse.

   Someonewantstoseeyou.

六、one,theother,another作主语时,谓语动词应当用单数,如:

   Oneofthemismyfriend;theotherisastrangertome.

   cf.Wherearetheotherstudents?

七、either和neither作主语时,在正式文体中要与单数动词连用;但在非正式文体和美国英语中可与复数动词连用;当either或neither后面跟有ofthem,ofthebooks等时,用复数动词较好,如:

   IwrotetoJohnandHenrybutneither(ofthem)has/havereplied;infact,Idoubtifeither(ofthem)is/arecoming.

   Neitheroftheanswersiscorrect.

   Eitherofyouistostayhere.

   Neitherofthemknows/knowtheanswer.

八、“manya(n)+单数动词”在意义上表示复数,且强调数量之多,但其谓语动词应使用单数,如:

   ManyaforeignguesthascometoChinatovisittheGreatWall.

   Manyaboyhasmadesuchafunnyexperiment.

   Manyamanhassacrificedhislifeforthecauseoftherevolution.

   注:

当agood/greatmany+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词应用复数,如:

   Thereareagreatmanystudentsworkingintheroom.

九、“morethanone+单数名词”作主语,尽管意思为“不止一个”,但因有one,谓语动词要用单数,如:

   Morethanonepersonwasdismissed.

   Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.

   Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.

   Morethanonestudentwaspraisedatthemeeting.

   Thereismorethanoneanswertoyourquestion.

   注①:

如果morethan直接加复数名词作主语,则谓语动词用复数,如:

   Morethantwohundredpeoplearetoattendthismeeting.

   Morethantwohundredpeoplehavevisitedthevillage.

   注②:

如果morethanone后面没有名词,那么谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这要取决于more和one哪一个重读,如:

   Morethanˊoneisgoing.

   ˊMorethanonearegoing.

十、单个的不定式(短语),动名词(短语)或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,如:

   Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.

   Playingwithfireisdangerous.

   Toseeistobelieve.

   Tomasteraforeignlanguagerequiresatleastseveralyears.

   Whathesaysiswrong/isquiteright.

   Whenandwheretobuildthefactoryisnotdecidedyet.

   cf.Whentobuildthefactoryandwheretobuilditarenotdecidedyet.

   注:

如果两个或两个以上的并列词组或从句作主语,表示两件事,并且不使用形式主语时,谓语动词大多使用复数形式,如:

   Readingandlisteningaretwodifferentskills.

   Swimmingandskatingaremyfavouritesports.

   Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree.

十一、由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also)连接两个或多个并列主语时,谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则,与其靠近的一个相一致,如:

   Heoryouhavetakenmypen.

   Heoryouaretodothisexperiment.

   EitheryouorIammad/wrong.

   Eitheryouorheistoblame. (Areeitheryouorhetoblame?

   Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherlikesthefilm.

   NeitherTomnorhisparentshaveknownaboutit.

   NeitherhenorIhavefinishedtheexperiment.

   Notonlyhisbrotherbutalsohistwosistersarefondofsports.

   Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentsobjecttotheplan.

   注①:

在非正式文体中,由neither…nor连接的并列主语也可以根据意义一致的原则,采取复数形式,如:

   NeithermyfathernorIweretherethatday.

   Neitherhenorhiswifehavearrived.

   注②:

由either…or和or连接的两个单数名词作主语,在非正式文体中,有时也可跟复数动词,但在大多数情况下还是应根据就近一致的原则,如:

   IfeitherDavidorJanetcome,theywillwantadrink. (非正式)

   IfeitherDavidorJanetcomes,heorshewillwantadrink. (正式)

十二、当all,part,most,half,therest,theremainder等表示全体、部分的名词或代词用作主语时,应根据意义一致的原则确定谓语的形式,如果所指的是复数意义,动词用复数;如果只是概括地指整个事件、事情或抽象概念,即所指的是单数意义,动词则用单数,如:

   Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

   Sinceallarehere,let’sbeginthemeeting.

   Allthatglittersisnotgold.

   Allofthemwereverytired.

   Therestofthelectureisdull.

   Therestofthebicyclesareonsaletoday.

   Halfofthebuildingwasdestroyed.

   Halfofthestudentsareboys.

   Mostofmyfriendsareawayforthemoment.

   Mostofhissparetimewaswasted.

   Thisisthelastcopy;therestaresold.

   Thereisplentyofmilk.Someisforyou;therestisforhim.

十三、

   ①noneof与复数名词连用时,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,这主要看说话人的态度;在非正式文体中复数更常见,例如:

   Noneofmyfriendsevercome(s)toseeme.

   Noneofusare/isafraidofdifficulties.

   Noneofthepassengerswere/wasinjured.

   None(ofthem)have/hasarrivedyet.

   Nonehavehadtheirlunch. (Nonehashadhislunch.)

   注:

none用于三个或三个以上的人和物的否定;两者用neither。

   ②none代表不可数的东西(noneof+不可数名词)时,谓语动词则用单数,如:

   Noneofthisworriesme.

   Noneofthemoneyismine.

   Noneofthesugarwasleft.

   Thereisnoneofitleft.

十四、both,afew,many等代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,例如:

   Bothofthemhaven’treadthisstory.

   AfewofthemknowFrench.

   Manywerewithoutshoes.

   Weworkhard,andmanyaredoingverywell.

十五、以there,here开头的句子,主语又不只一个时,其动词应根据就近一致的原则,与靠近的那个主语相一致,如:

   Therecomesthebus.

   Thereisatableandsomechairsintheroom.

   Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.

   Hereisateacherandsomestudents.

十六、某些表示总体意义的名词,如:

police,people,youth,cattle,militia,poultry等,在任何情况下都应作复数处理,如:

   Arethereanypolicearound?

   ThemilitiaarealloutdrillingfortheNationalDayparade.

   Ouryoutharepromising.

   Thecattlearegrazing.

   Youtharecomparedtothesunat8or9inthemorning.

十七、有些集合名词,如:

family,class,audience,crew,crowd,group,army,committee,enemy,team,public,union,government,school等,应根据其在句子中的含义确定动词的单复数。

如果强调组成该集体的各个成员,谓语动词用复数;如果强调整体概念,谓语动词则用单数,如:

   Thecommitteehasconsideredyourrequest.

   Thecommitteearedividedintheiropinion.

   Myfamilyissmall/isabigone.

   Myfamilyareallmusiclovers/areallwell.

   Thecrewwasmadeupofstrongandablemen.

   ThecrewwerewatchingTV.

   Thefootballteamisthebestoneinthisarea.

   Thefootballteamarehavingabath.

十八、“akind(或sort,type,series)of+名词”作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:

   Aseriesofhisworkshasbeenprinted.

   ThereisakindofroseinthegardenwhichfillstheairwithfragrancewhenMaycomes.

   注①:

在“thiskindof+名词”结构中,不管名词是单数还是复数,谓语动词都用单数形式,如:

   Thiskindofmanannoysme.

   Thiskindofmenisdangerous.

   Thiskindofapplesishighlypriced.

   Thiskindofbook(s)isusefultous.

   注②:

在“these/thosekindof+复数名词”结构中,谓语动词则用复数,(kindof前后的词均为复数),如:

   Thesekindoftestsaregood.

   ThesekindofcarsaremadeinJapan.

   Thesetypeofmachinesareup-to-date.

   Thesekindofmenannoyme.

   注③:

kind本身为复数,谓语动词也应当用复数形式,如:

   Somekindsofbamboogrowveryfast.

   Therearemanykindsofapples.

   Thosekindsofappletreeshavenotyetgrownup.

   Therearedifferentkindsofanimalsinthezoo.

   注④:

如果以apples/men作名词词组的中心词,谓语动词自然也用复数,如:

   Applesofthiskindarehighlypriced.

   Booksofthiskindareusefultous.

   Menofthiskindaredangerous.

   Filmsofthiskindarenotworthseeing.

十九、由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数,如:

   Thescissorsaredull.Buttheyaremyonlypair.

   Wherearemytrousers/glasses/shoes?

   Wherearemyspectacles?

Ican’tfindthem.

   这类词有trousers,glasses,shoes,jeans,pants,scissors,spectacles等。

其他类似的还有:

clothes,manners等。

   注:

如果在这类名词前用了量词pair等时,其谓语动词应与pair等的单复数相一致,如:

   Thispairoftrousers/scissorsisn’tmine.

   Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.

   Asuitofclothesisnotenough.

二十、某些表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时,尽管其形式是复数,但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体,因此根据意义一致的原则,谓语动词多用单数形式,如:

   Eightydollarsamonthisalargesuminoureyes,butitisnothingtohim.

   Tenminutesisenoughformetoworkouttheproblem.

   Tenyearsisashorttimeinhumanhistory.

   Tenmilesisalongway.

   Sixtyminutesisanhour.

   Twoandtenistwelve.Twotimesfouriseight.98and3is101.

   当然,在许多情况下,也可根据语法一致的原则,把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体,使用复数动词,如:

   TenyearshavepassedsinceIleftthecity.

   Twoplustwois/arefour.

    Twoandtwomake/makesfour.

二十一、分数、百分数修饰物质名词时,谓语动词用单数;修饰复数名词时,用复数;修饰集合名词时,可用单数,也可用复数,如:

   Thirtypercent/Onehalfoftheworkhasbeendone.

   Seventypercentofthesurfaceo

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