CET6Test5.docx

CET6Test5.docx

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CET6Test5

PartⅡReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Onceuponatime,theUnitedStatesseemedtohaveplentyoflandtogoaround.Plentyofriverstodamandplentyofruralvalleysleftover.Plentyofspaceforparksandforcities.Plentyofforeststocutandgrasslandstoplow.Butthatwasonceuponatime.Thedaysofunusedlandareover.Nowthelandhasbeenspokenfor,fencedoff,carvedupintocitiesandfarmsandindustrialparks,puttouse.

Atthesametime,thepopulationkeepsgrowing.Peopleneedplacestoworkandplacetoplay.Soweneedmoresitesformoreindustries,morebeachesformoresunbathers,andmorecleanriversformorefishes.Anditisn’tjustamatterofpopulationgrowth.Ourmoderntechnologyhasneedsthatmustbemettoo:

Weneedmorecoalforenergy,andweneedmorepowerplants;carsmusthavehighwaysandparkinglots,andjetsmusthaveairports.

Eachoftheselandsusesswallowsuppreciousspace.Highwaysandexpresswaysalonetakesome2,000,000acreseachyears.Andurbansprawl—thespreadingoutofcities—isexpectedtogobbleupvastareasoflandbytheyear2000.Butthereisonlysomuchlandtogoaround.

Howdoyoudecidewhattodowithapieceofland?

Itdependsupontheland,anditdependupontheneedsofthepeopleandtheirvalues.Itisalwayshardtodecide.Take,forexample,aforest.Aforestcanbeatimbersupply.Itcanprovideahomeforwildlife.Itissceneryandarecreationareaforman.Itissoilandwatershedprotection.

Theselasttwotakesomeexplaining.Aforestcreatesitsownsoil.Leavesandotherlitterontheforestfloorareconstantlyturnedandmovedbywormsandburrowinganimals.Enrichedbyanimalwastes,thelitterbecomeshumus—arichandspongymixoforganicmaterial.Thesoilfeedsforestplants.Theplantsinturnprotectthesoil—rootsholditinplace,branchesslowrainfallsothatitwilldropgentlytoearth.Waterslowlytricklesthroughthehumusandispurified.Watertravelsdownstreamandouttosea.

Whenaforestiscutdown,thereisnothinglefttocreateorprotectthesoil.Heavyrainsbeatandwashawayspongyhumus.Littlesoilislefttoabsorbwater.Thenrainwaterscanrushuncheckedtothevalleybelow,floodinglow-lyingareas.Ifaforestistosupplytimber,watershedprotection,recreation,andahomeforwildlife,ithastobecutcarefully.Anditmustbereplanted.Inshort,landisfragile.Withoutpropercareitcanberuinedforever.

Inthedebatesabouthowaparticularpieceoflandistobeused,theprioritiesoftenconflict.Whatshouldyoudo,forexample,ifyoufindoutthatunderthefertilefieldsofafarmingcommunitythereisathickbedofcoalwhichcanbestrip-minded?

Stripminingripsuptopsoilandvegetation.Butminingmaycreatejobs,bringmoneytothetown’sbusinesses.Thosewhoapproveofstripminingsaythatthecoalisneeded,andtheypointoutthatitisquickerandcheapertogetcoalfromthesurfacethantogodeepintotheearthtogetitbystandardminingtechniques.Ontheotherhand,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.Asthecountrysidefillsup,peoplearebecomingmoreawareoftheneedforopenspace.Nearlyeveryproposalforanewpowerplant,highway,orairportdrawsfierceopposition.Everyonewantsthebid,land-eating“uglies”tobeinsomeoneelse’sbackyard.MinneapolisandSt.Paul,Minnesota,forexample,havingbeendebatingaboutthesiteofafutureairportforyears.Yetifanewairportisneeded,itwillhavetogosomewhere.

Howdowefindourwayoutoftheland-useproblem?

Onewaymightbetoreexamineourvalues,tothinkinnewdirections.Doeseveryonehavetohaveacar-withitsneedforhighwaysandparkinglots?

Whataboutdevelopingmasstransitsystemsthatuselessland?

Dosuburbshavetosprawl?

Cantheybedesignedsotheyuselessspace?

Dowehavetohavemoreenergy?

Ifwedo,dowereallyhavetostrip-minecoaltoprovideit?

Howeverdifficulttheymaybetoarriveat,choiceswillhavetobemadeifwewanttopreservethebeautyandusefulnessoftheland.Forthereisatleastonepointonwhichallofuscanagree;thelanddoeshaveitslimits.

21.Onceuponatime,theUnitedStatesseemedtohaveplentyoflandto__goaround__,“goaround”means____.

A）tovisitaroundB）toseethelandC）forsharingwitheveryD）tohavethelandaround

22.Eachoftheselandusesswallowsuppreciousspace,“swallowsup”means____.

A）occupiesB）givesupC）disappearsD）takescompletely

23.Inthissentence“Inshort,landisfragile.”（Line.1,Para.7）,whatdoestheword“fragile”mean?

A）Verypoor.B）Rich.C）Taken.D）Easilydestroyed.

24.ThePara5mainlydiscusses____.

A）howanimalwastesenrichedlandB）howplantrootsprotectedtheland

C）howhumusbecomesusefulD）howaforestcreatesitsownsoilandprotectsthewatershed

25.Asthecountrysidefillsup,peoplearebecomingmoreawareoftheneedforopenspace,“openspace”means____.

A）publiclandB）unoccupiedlandC）unplantedlandD）privateland

PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Mostofthelargercitiesintheworldhavegrownwithoutplansandblueprints.Londonissuchacity.Itsstreetszigzag,snake,andcircle.Thereisnoreasonorordertoitsstreet-numberingsystem.Indeed,noonebutaveterantaxidriverknowsthewholeofLondon.Andbeforehegetshiscabbie’slicensehemustfirsttourthecityformonths,streetbystreet,thentakeacomprehensiveexaminationtoprovethathecanfindhiswayabout.NewYorkandChicagogrewinmuchthesameway.Theyjustinspreadout,pushedbythedemandsforresidential,business,orindustrialspace.Likespilledwater,theyexpandedinalldirections.TodayinNewYork,evenanative-bornManhattanitedespairsoffindinghiswayaroundBrooklyn.Thereareafewmoderncities,however,thatwerecreatedoutofnothing.Theywerebuiltstrictlybythebookaccordingtodetailedplansthatwillalsocontrolfuturegrowth.TwosuchAmericancitiesareColumbia,Maryland,andReston,Virginia.ButtheprimeexampleofacityplannedandbuiltfromscratchinthetwentiethcenturyisBrasilia,thenewcapitalofBrazil.

BrasiliawasthebrainchildofBrazil’sPresidentJuscelinoKubitschek,whoheldofficefrom1955to1960.Kubitschek,likeotherBrazilianleaders,wasconcernedthatmostofBrazil’speoplewerecrammedintoitsseacoastcities.RiodeJaneiro,thenthenation’scapitalanditssecondlargestcity,occupiesabreathtakinglybeautifulsiteontheAtlanticcoast.SaoPaulo,Brazil’slargestcity,isverynearthecoast.Consequently,thismeantthatrichesintimber,minerals,andhydroelectricpowersourcesintheinteriorofthecountrywereuntapped.Recognizingthatdrasticactionwasneededtodeveloptheinterior,KubitschekdecidedtobuildabrandnewcapitalcityintheBrazilianHighlands,600milesnorthwestofRiodeJaneiro.Hechoseasitethatwasrightinthemiddleofthewilderness,onlandthathadneverevenbeenplowed.

Readyforbusinessin1960,Brasiliawasanarchitect’sdelightandaplanner’sdream.Itspublicbuildings,monuments,andhigh-riseapartmentcomplexesweremagnificentlymodern.Accessroadsfedintoitsstreetswithnotrafficlights.Everyfeatureseemedlogical,reasonable,andright.Butformorethanadecade,Brasiliaseemedallwrongtothepeoplebroughttheretoliveandtoworkingovernmentoffices.Whileitwasundeniablyabeautifulcity,itwasnotyetacommunity.

Foritispeopleandtheirhistoryofhabitationthatturnacityfromacollectionofstreetsandbuildingsintoacommunity.Itispeoplewhogiveacitylifeandcharacterandpersonality—andabrand-new,tailor-madeBrasiliadidn’thavethosequalitiesforalongtime.Butnow,happily,itsresidentsnolongerfeeltheyneedtorushbacktoRioorSaoPauloateveryopportunity.Instead,theyvisit,picnic,andenjoyoneanother’scompany.Brasiliaisbeginningtofeellikehometothem.Otherplannedcitieshavefacedthesameproblemofcreatingacommunityspiritandidentity.SomeobserversoflifeinColumbia,Maryland,anotherplannedcity,havebeenconcernedwithlackofspiritthereandhavemadeaninterestingcomparisonbetweenColumbiaandHoboken,NewJersey.Hoboken,anoldwaterfronttownjustacrosstheHudsonRiverfromNewYorkCity,isanurbanplanner’snightmare.Ithasrowuponrowofolddingybuildings,andgrassandtreearefewandfarbetween.Columbia,ontheotherhand,isanurbanplanner’sdream.Ithascharmingcolonialandmodernhousesonwindingstreets.Therearelovelylawnsandbeautifultrees.Andtherearebicyclepathsandhundredsofacresofwoods,meadows,andlakes.

Yetsomethingisnotquiteright.ManyHobokenchildrenarealmostfiercelyloyaltooneanotherandtheircommunity.Theymaynothavelawnsandlakes,buttheyfindwaystohavefunonthepavementsandsidewalks.InColumbia,bycontrast,manyoftheyoungpeopleseemlistless.AsoneteenagerfromDetroitputit,“InDetroititseemedlikesomethingwasalwayshappening.Buthere”.Andheshruggedhisshoulders.

Whatisitaboutatreeless,grimy,oldcitylikeHobokenthatmakespeopleloveitsomuch?

WhatisitaboutabeautifulnewcitylikeColumbiathatmakesyoungpeopleshrugwithboredom?

Thesearequestionswhichcityplannerswillhavetoface