新世纪大学英语Book4语言点U1U3U5U7.docx
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新世纪大学英语Book4语言点U1U3U5U7
Unit1ManandNature
TextAManintheRealmofNature
6.StudyoftheText
DifficultSentences
1.Weareconnectedwithnatureby“bloodties”andwecannotliveoutsidenature.
（1）Whatdoes“bloodties”referto?
A:
Itreferstosuchverycloserelationshipaskinship.
（2）Translatethesentence.
T:
我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
2.Humanityconvertsnature’swealthintothemeansofthecultural,historicallifeofsociety.
Q:
Translatethesentence.
T:
人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。
3.Notonlyhasmantransferredvariousspeciesofplantsandanimalstodifferentclimaticconditions,hehasalsochangedtheshapeandclimateofhisenvironmentandtransformedplantsandanimals.
（1）Analyzethestructureofthissentence.
A:
Thisisacompoundsentenceledby“notonly…（but）also”.Thefirsthalfledby“notonly”istheinvertedstructure.
Moreexamples:
NotonlyisTomveryclever,heisalsoverydiligent.
Notonlydidhelosehisbag,buthehimselfgotlost.
Notonlydoeshewritethelyricstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthemusic.
（2）Paraphrasethissentence.
A:
Manhasshifteddifferentkindsofplantsandanimalstoareaswithdifferentclimatesfromthoseoftheiroriginalhabitats.Moreover,manhastransformedtheshapeandclimateofhisownenvironmentandaccordinglytheplantsandanimalshavealsoadaptedthemselvestothechanges.
4.Naturewithitselementalforceswasregardedassomethinghostiletoman.
（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?
A:
Wecanlearnthatthepowerofnatureisoutofman’scontrolsothatitisbelievedtobeunfavorabletohumanity.
（2）TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
T:
大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。
5.Thiswasalldoneinthenameofcivilization,whichmeanttheplaceswheremanhadmadehishome,wheretheearthwascultivated,wheretheforesthadbeencutdown.
（1）Analyzethestructureofthissentence.
A:
Theattributiveclauseledby“which”includesanotherthreeattributiveclausesledby“where”inparallelstructure.
（2）TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
T:
这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的。
所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。
6.Scienceandman’spracticaltransformingactivitieshavemadehumanityawareoftheenormousgeologicalroleplayedbytheindustrialtransformationoftheearth.
Q:
Paraphrasethissentence
A:
Manhasrealizedthegreatgeologicalchangescausedbytheindustrialinfluenceontheearth,whichismadebyscienceandman’stransformingactivitiesinpractice.
7.Atpresent,thepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsocietyasawhole,hasshownominoussignsofbreakingdown.
（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?
A:
Wecanlearnfromthesentencethatmanhasthreatenedthebalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsociety,whichusedtobemaintaineddynamically,butnowtendstocollapse.
（2）TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
T:
目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现出崩溃的迹象。
8.Moderntechnologyisdistinguishedbyanever-increasingabundanceofproducedandusedsyntheticgoods.
（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?
A:
Wecaninferfromthissentencethatitismoderntechnology,toagreatextent,thatenablestheproductionandconsumptionoflargequantitiesofsyntheticgoods.
（2）TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
T:
现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。
9.ItssolutionliesinrationalandwiseorganizationofbothproductionitselfandcareforMotherNature,notjustbyindividuals,enterprisesorcountries,butbyallhumanity.
Q:
TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
T:
这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。
10.Buttoreturntoourtheme,thebittertruthisthatthosehumanactionswhichviolatethelawsofnature,theharmonyofthebiosphere,threatentobringdisastermayturnouttobeuniversal.
（1）Paraphrasethissentence
A:
Aswecometothetopicunderdiscussion,itispainfultoseethefactthathumanactivitiesmaywellbringdisasterthroughtheviolationofthelawsofnatureandtheharmonyofthebiosphere.
（2）TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
T:
但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事实可能是普遍存在的。
LanguagePoints
1.realm:
n.acountryruledoverbyakingorqueen;ageneralareaofknowledge,activity,orthought
e.g.Thekinghadtocallrepresentativesofdifferentclassesoftherealmintoconsultationuponthenationaleconomiccrisis.
T:
Themoviehasbroughtchildrentoarealmofimagination.
影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。
Collocations:
publicrealm公众领域
e.g.Healwaysprojectsanimageofsuccessinpublicrealm.
T:
他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。
withintherealmsofpossibility有可能的
Itwasactuallywithintherealmsofpossibility.
T:
这是完全有可能的。
2.interact:
vi.ifpeopleorthingsinteractwitheachother,theyaffecteachother
e.g.Lucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.
T:
所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。
Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.
3.transform:
vt.tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit
e.g.Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.
T:
这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。
Theplaytransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoamegastar.
CF:
change,convert&transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。
change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。
指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。
transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。
Directions:
Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
（1）Inordertotransformtheirenvironment,hedrewuptheproject.
（2）Carbondioxidecanbeconvertedintooxygenthroughtheagencyofplant.
（3）Whydotheleavesontreeschangecolourinautumn?
（4）Healwaysattemptstoconvertotherstoaparticulardoctrineorbelief.
4.convert:
v.tochangesomethingintoadifferentformofthing,ortochangesomethingsothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurposeorinadifferentway
e.g.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.
Intheprocess,thelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.
T:
他成功地让我接受了他的观点。
Hesucceededinconvertingmetohispointofview.
5.subdue:
vt.gaincontrolof,esp.bydefeating
e.g.Foracenturywelabouredtosettleandtosubduethecontinent.
T:
警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。
Policemanagedtosubduetheangrycrowd.
NB:
该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。
例如：
Inthebar,thereissubduedlightandsoftmusic.
Richardseemsverysubduedtonight.
6.discipline:
（1）vt.trainordevelop,esp.inobedienceandself-control
e.g.Discipliningchildrentakespatienceandconsistency.
T:
不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。
Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.
（2）n.
1）awayoftrainingsomeonesothattheylearntocontroltheirbehaviourandobey
rules
e.g.Thebookgivesparentsadviceondiscipline.
2）anareaofknowledgeorteaching
e.g.Theinformationthathasevolvedinonedisciplinemaypermitexcitingadvancementinanother.
T:
她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象。
Iwasgreatlyimpressedbyherpracticalknowledgeofthedisciplineofmarketingandherstrongdesiretolearnmore.
Collocations:
disciplineproblem纪律问题;disciplineoneself自律;instilldisciplineintosb.灌输纪律观念
7.compel:
vt.make（apersonorthing）dosth.,byforce,moralpersuasion,orordersthatmustbeobeyed
e.g.Ourmindsaresoconstructedthattheycompelustoviewtheexternalworldinonlyoneway.
T:
法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。
Thelawcompelsemployerstoprovidehealthinsurance.
CF:
compel,force&oblige这些动词均含“迫使”之意。
compel指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。
例如:
Aparentmaycompelhischildtodohislessonsbythreateningtosuspendhisallowance.
T:
家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。
force指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。
例如:
Governmenttroopshaveforcedtherebelstosurrender.
T:
政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。
oblige指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。
例如:
Circumstanceshadobligedhimtosellthebusiness.
T:
形势逼迫他卖掉公司。
8.transfer:
（1）v.movefromoneplace,job,position,etc.,toanother
e.g.MichaeltransferredfromCompany6totheSecurityService.
（2）n.
e.g.Mostofthebillsarepaidbyelectronictransfer.
T:
权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。
Thetransferofpowerwaseffectedswiftlyandpeacefully.
9.infearof:
inastateoffearabout
e.g.Ordinarypeoplelivedinfearofbeingarrestedbythesecretpolice.
T:
他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。
Theyliveincontinualfearofstarvation.
10.attain:
vt.tosucceedinachievingsomethingaftertryingforalongtime
e.g.Morewomenareattainingpositionsofpowerinpubliclife.
T:
他们最后一定能获得解放。
They’resuretoattainemancipationintheend.
11.hostile:
a.showingextremedislikeordisapproval;unfriendly
e.g.SenatorLydonwashostiletoourproposals.
T:
工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。
Theprojectproceededslowlybecausemanyscholarswerehostiletothecommonpeople.
12.retreat:
vi.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity,esp.whenforcedtodoso
e.g.Perrylitthefuseandretreatedtoasafedistance.
T:
从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。
Itwasnotasensiblechoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.
CF:
retire,retreat&withdraw这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。
retire指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。
例如:
Iretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago.
T:
三年前我就不再教书了。
retreat含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。
Theenemywasforcedtoretreat.
T:
敌军被迫撤退了。
withdraw强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。
也指军队的撤退。
Asthetroopswithdraw,theentirecitycelebratedtheliberation.
T:
部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。
13.concerned:
a.affectedbysomethingorworriedaboutit;believingsomethingisimportant
e.g.Allthepeoplepresentareconcernedwithchildren’seducation.
T:
很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。
Manypoliticiansaremoreconcernedwithpowerandcontrolthanwiththegoodofthepeople.
Collocations:
concernedwith关注，关心；与……相关;concernedabout/for担心，关爱;concernedtodosth.专注于做某事;a
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