考研阅读21篇模板.docx

考研阅读21篇模板.docx

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考研阅读21篇模板

21篇模板——

（1）

题目序号

题型归类

第1题

中心主旨题型

第2题

审题定位与反推题型

第3题

全文归纳推导题型

第4题

写作手法题型

第5题

例（举）证题型

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackfictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackfictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.

WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackfiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthanthefacialidentityoftheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?

Second,howdoesBlackfictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?

RosenblattshowsthatBlackfictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlackoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlywhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.

BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity;heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks—yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic?

Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanToomer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?

Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.

1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith

[A]evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism.

[B]comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject.

[C]discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism.

[D]summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism.

2.TheauthorofthetextbelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimprovedhadRosenblatt

[A]evaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackfiction.

[B]attemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackauthors.

[C]exploredingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackfictionthroughoutitshistory.

[D]assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically.

3.Theauthor’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas

[A]pedanticandcontentious.

[B]criticalbutadmiring.

[C]ironicanddeprecating.

[D]argumentativebutunfocused.

4.TheauthorofthetextemploysallofthefollowinginthediscussionofRosenblatt’sbookEXCEPT:

[A]rhetoricalquestions.

[B]specificexamples.

[C]comparisonandcontrast.

[D]definitionofterms.

5.TheauthorofthetextreferstoJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanExColoredManmostprobablyinorderto

[A]pointoutaffinitiesbetweenRosenblatt’smethodofthematicanalysisandearliercriticism.

[B]clarifythepointaboutexpressionisticstylemadeearlierinthepassage.

[C]qualifytheassessmentofRosenblatt’sbookmadeinthefirstparagraphofthepassage.

[D]giveaspecificexampleofoneoftheaccomplishmentsofRosenblatt’swork.

[参考译文]

罗杰·罗森布莱特的著作《黑人小说》，试图运用文学的而不是社会政治的标准来研究黑人小说，这成功地改变了大多数早先研究的方法。

如罗森布莱特所注意到的，黑人著作的评论经常被充当为一种阐述黑人历史的借口。

例如，阿狄森·盖尔的最新著作，就用了公开的政治标准来判定黑人小说的价值，按照作品中所提出的黑人个体的各观念对每个作品进行评价。

虽然小说确实是源于政治环境，但作者反映这些环境的方法是非意识形态的，如把小说和故事的讨论作为意识形态的工具，则会忽视了许多小说的成就。

罗森·布莱特对黑人文学的分析揭示了黑人小说著作间的密切关系和联系，而纯粹政治研究中忽视了这些联系。

然而写出为人所接受的黑人小说评论的前提是要对许多问题做出令人满意的回答。

首先，除了这些作家的种族身份外，是否有充分的理由可将黑人作家的作品归于一类？

其次，黑人小说如何将自己和其他现代小说分开？

它们大半属于同一时代的作品。

罗森布莱特的研究阐明了黑人小说已构成了一个与众不同的作品群体，它们具有可识别的、连贯的文学传统。

着眼于最近八十年黑人创作的小说，罗森布莱特揭示了小说中与时代无关而反复出现的侧重点和布局。

这些结构与主题相关，并不让人感到惊奇的是，它们源于这样一个中心事实，即小说中的黑人生存在一个白人文化支配的环境中，不管他们试图迎合这一文化还是反叛这一文化。

《黑人小说》确实对一些美学的问题没有给予回答，罗森布莱特的主题分析允许相当的客观性；他甚至直言，对各个作品的优劣判定不是他工作的意图——然而他的犹豫看起来是不合时宜的，尤其是因为尝试评定可能会导致一些有趣的结果。

例如，一些小说所显示的结构散漫冗长。

这是否是一个缺陷，或者是作者这样做是出于一种美学考虑，还是作者试图创造一种不同类的美学？

另外，象金·图莫的《手杖》那样的黑人小说风格，近于表现主义和超现实主义；难道这个技巧只是用更自然主义的表现方式为表达流行的黑人英勇反抗命运的主题提供一个对应物吗？

尽管存在这些遗漏，罗森布莱特所做的包括他的讨论，已包括了足以构成精明而有价值的研究内容。

《黑人小说》考察了广泛的小说，在此过程中我们的注意力被吸引到一些引人入胜但鲜为人知的作品上，如詹姆士·威尔顿·约翰逊的《一个曾是有色人的自传》。

这本书的主题结构紧密，直率、明晰的风格例示了一种冷静而敏锐的文学评论。

21篇模板——

（2）

题目序号

题型归类

第1题

中心主旨题型

第2题

例（举）证与细节理解题型

第3题

细节理解题型

第4题

审题定位题型

第5题

归纳推导题型

Proponentsofdifferentjazzstyleshavealwaysarguedthattheirpredecessor’smusicalstyledidnotincludeessentialcharacteristicsthatdefinejazzasjazz.Thus,1940’sswingwasbelittledbybeboppersofthe1950’swhowerethemselvesattackedbyfreejazzesofthe1960’s.Theneoboppersofthe1980’sand1990’sattackedalmosteverybodyelse.ThetitanicfigureofBlacksaxophonistJohnColtranehascomplicatedtheargumentsmadebyproponentsofstylesfrombebopthroughneobopbecauseinhisownmusicaljourneyhedrewfromallthosestyles.Hisinfluenceonalltypesofjazzwasimmeasurable.Attheheightofhispopularity,Coltranelargelyabandonedplayingbebop,thestylethathadbroughthimfame,toexploretheouterreachesofjazz.

Coltranehimselfprobablybelievedthattheonlyessentialcharacteristicofjazzwasimprovisation,theoneconstantinhisjourneyfrombeboptoopen-endedimprovisationsonmodal,Indian,andAfricanmelodies.Ontheotherhand,thisdoggedstudentandprodigioustechnician—whoinsistedonspendinghourseachdaypracticingscalesfromtheorybooks—wasneverabletojettisoncompletelytheinfluenceofbebop,withitsfastandelaboratechainsofnotesandornamentsonmelody.

TwostylisticcharacteristicsshapedthewayColtraneplayedthetenorsaxophone:

hefavoredplayingfastrunsofnotesbuiltonamelodyanddependedonheavy,regularlyaccentedbeats.ThefirstledColtraneto“sheetsofsound”whereheracedfasterandfaster,pile-drivingnotesintoeachothertosuggeststackedharmonies.Thesecondmeantthathissenseofrhythmwasalmostasclosetorockastobebop.

ThreerecordingsillustrateColtrane’senergizingexplorations.RecordingKindofBluewithMilesDavis,Coltranefoundhimselfoutsidebop,exploringmodalmelodies.Hereheplayedsurging,lengthysolosbuiltlargelyaroundrepeatedmotifs—anorganizingprincipleunlikethatoffreejazzsaxophoneplayerOrnetteColeman,whomodulatedoralteredmelodiesinhissolos.OnGiantSteps,Coltranedebutedasleader,introducinghisowncompositions.Herethesheetsofsound,downbeataccents,repetitions,andgreatspeedarepartofeachsolo,andthevarietyoftheshapesofhisphrasesisunique.Coltrane’ssearchingexplorationsproducedsolidachievement.MyFavoriteThingswasanotherkindofwatershed.HereColtraneplayedthesopranosaxophone,aninstrumentseldomusedbyjazzmusicians.Musically,theresultswereastounding.Withthesoprano’spipingsound,ideasthathadsoundeddarkandbroodingacquiredafeelingofgiddyfantasy.

WhenColtranebeganrecordingfortheImpulse!

Label,hewasstillsearching.Hismusicbecameraucous,physical.Hisinfluenceonrockerswasenormous,includingJimiHendrix,therockguitarist,who,followingColtrane,raisedtheextendedguitarsolousingrepeatedmotifstoakindofrockartform.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto

[A]discusstheplaceofColtraneintheworldofjazzanddescribehismusicalexplorations.

[B]examinethenatureofbebopandcontrastitwithimprovisationaljazz.

[C]analyzethemusicalsourcesofColtrane’sstyleandtheirinfluenceonhiswork.

[D]acknowledgetheinfluenceofColtrane’smusiconrockmusicandrockmusicians.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefourthparagraph?

[A]Athesisreferredtoearlierinthetextismentionedandillustratedwiththreespecificexamples.

[B]Athesisisstatedandthreeexamplesaregiveneachsuggestingthatacorrectionneedstobemadetoathesisreferredtoearlierinthetext.

[C]Athesisreferredtoearlierinthetextismentioned,andthreeexamplesarepresentedandrankedinorderoftheirsupportofthethesis.

[D]Athesisisstated,threeseeminglyopposingexamplesarepresented,andtheirunderlyingcorrespondenceisexplained.

3.Accordingtothetext,JohnColtranedidallofthefollowingduringhiscareerEXCEPT

[A]improviseonmelodiesfromanumberofdifferentcultures.

[B]performasleaderaswellassoloist.

[C]spendtimeimprovinghistechn