动词不定式精讲精练.docx
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动词不定式精讲精练
动词不定式精讲精练
一不定式的体
1.不定式的一般式(todo)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.
Heseemstoknowthis.
Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain. 我希望再见到你。
2不定式的进行体(tobedoing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.
I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
Heseemstohavecaughtacold.
不定式的完成体(tohavedone)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.
Heiswellknowntohaveinventedthesteamengine.
二不定式的逻辑主语
1不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.
2句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.
3不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.
4在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+todo"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:
kind,good,nice,bad,cruel,honest,bold,thoughtful,right,wrong,wise,clever,silly,foolish,careless,rude等.
例如:
It'sverykindofyoutocaltotellmeabouttheconference.
三不定式的否定式
不定式否定式由not/never+todo构成
四不定式的句法功能
1不定式做主语
1)Tosaysomethingisonething;todoitisanother.
2)Itisnotagoodideatobuildhousesalongthelineswheretwooftheearth'splatesjointogether.
注:
充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.
2不定式作表语
3)Heruncleseemstobeactingratherstrangelytowardsherthesedays.
4)Thepurposeofthefenceistokeepoutatypeofwilddogcalleda"Dingo".
5)Onesuggestedanswerisforfarmerstolimitthenumberoftheircattle.
注:
充当表语的不定式一般位于be,seem等系动词后.
3不定式作宾语
6)ShylockagreedtolendAntoniomoneyononecondition.
注:
充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:
agree,plan,determine,dare,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,manage,intend,offer,afford,demand.
7)Thedustyairmakesitdifficulttogetaclearpictureofspace.
注:
充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think,feel,find,make,consider等动词之后.
bigandstrong.
4不定式作宾语补足语
8)Thepowdermadefromfish,bloodandboneswillmakethecabbageplantsgrowbigandstrong.
9)PortiatoldBassaniotogotohisfriendatonce.
注:
在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe,notice,see,hear,watch,have,feel,make,let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:
Thecabbageplantswillbemadetogrow。
5.不定式作状语
Tocarryoutthepromise“NewBeijing,NewOlympics”,actionspeakslouderthanwords.
Theycrazyhurriedtotheairport,onlytofindtheirfavoritefanshadalreadyleft.
6.不定式做定语
Ihadalotofhomeworktotoday.
Thereisstillsomewaytogobeforegettingtothedestination.
动词不定式
专项练习
1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.
A.don’t B.not C.willnot D.notto
2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.
A.nottohave B.nottotake
C.didn’ttake D.nottomake
3.Tellhim_______thewindow.
A.toshutnot B.nottoshut
C.tonotshut D.notshut
4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.
A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotto
5.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.
A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive
C.neverdriving D.neverdrive
6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating
7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.
A.work B.working C.towork D.worked
8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyline.
A.toriskgoing B.riskingtogo
C.forrisktogo D.riskgoing
9.Isawhim_______outoftheroom.
A.go B.hadgone C.hasgone D.goes
10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.
A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow
11.I’veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.
A.spoke B.speaks C.speak
12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade______byhislittlesister.
A.cry;tocry B.crying;crying
C.cry;cry D.tocry;cry
13.Hewasmade_________.
A.go B.gone C.going D.togo
14.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing
15.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning
16.There’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind_______tobuy.
A.what B.which C.how D.where
17.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_________.
A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose
C.tochoosewhat D.tochoosewhich
18.“Haveyoudecidedwhen________?
”
“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”
A.toleave B.tobeleaving
C.willyouleave D.areyouleaving
19.LastsummerItookacourseon________.
A.howtomakedresses B.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedresses D.howdressestobemade
20.Hedoesn’tknow______tostayornot.
A.whether B.if C.either D.ifhewill
21.Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottosee B.notseeing
C.tonotsee D.havingnotseen
22.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforgot_______.
A.turningitoff B.turnitoff
C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff
23.Weagreed_________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
A.havingmet B.meeting C.tomeet D.tohavemet
24.LittleJimshouldlove_______tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking
25.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone
26.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.
A.makefriendwith B.makefriendsof
C.makefriends D.makefriendswith
27.Goon________theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
A.todo B.doing C.with D.tobedoing
28.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverested B.resting C.torest D.rest
29.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident________losehisjob.
A.sonotasto B.soasnotto
C.soastonot D.notsoasto
30.Ineedadayortwo________.
A.tothinkitover B.tothinkover C.ofthinking
31.Hewastooexcited_________.
A.speak B.tospeak C.nottospeak D.speaking
32.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.
A.toinvent B.inventing
C.tohaveinvented D.havinginvented
33.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_______itrightnow.
A.doing B.todo C.do D.tobedoing
34.Ratherthan_______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______abicycle.
A.ride;ride B.riding;ride
C.ride;toride D.toride;riding
35.It’sfreezingoutside.You_______putonyourovercoat.
A.hadbetterto B.hadbetter
C.wouldbetter D.wouldbetterto
36.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_______.
A.sit B.siton C.besit D.besaton
37.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.
A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.foreating
38.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.
---Whynot_______byboatforachange?
A.totrygoing B.tryingtogo
C.totryandgo D.trygoing
39.Shedidnothing_______atthephoto.
A.exceptlook B.buttolook
C.excepttolook D.butlooking
40.Iaskedhimto_______meafewminutessothatwecouldgooveralltheproblems.
A.spend B.spare C.save D.share
41.Theywon’tlettheirteacher_______inthatway.
A.tobetreated B.beingtreated
C.treated D.betreated
42.John,youmustgetyourroom________afterbreakfast.
A.tobecleaned B.toclean
C.cleaning D.cleaned
43.Theproblem_______attomorrow’smeetingisaverydifficultone.
A.beingdiscussed B.discussed
C.tobediscussed D.todiscuss
44.Hereachedthestation_____only_____thatthetrainhadjustleft.
A.tired;learned B.tiring;learning
C.totire;tolearn D.tired;tolearn
45.---Didthatbookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
---Yes,but______,wehadtoreaditalmostentirely.
A.forfindingit B.tofindit
C.findingit D.byfindingit
46.I’msorryIforgot______yourdictionary.Let’sborrowonefromLiMing.
A.totake B.taking C.tobring D.bringing
47.Shecouldn’tdecidewhichrestaurant_______.
A.tohavelunch B.toeat
C.toeatat D.eatingat
48.Thisproblemissaid_____threetimes.
A.tohavebeentalked B.tohavediscussed
C.havingbeendiscussed D.tohavebeentalkedabout
49.Everybodybelievedtheman______awaythediamondring.
A.betaken B.taking C.totake D.tohavetaken
50.Iprefer____ratherthan______.
A.read;watch B.toread;watch
C.reading;towatch D.toread;towatch
答案:
1-5DBBAA 6-10CCAAA 11-15CADAB 16-20BBAAA
21-25ACCAB 26-30DACBA 31-35BCCCB 36-40BBDAB
41-45DDCDB 46-50CCDDB
解析:
1.tellsb.nottodosth告诉某人不做某事
2.takesthforgranted“把某事想当然”,是一个固定词组。
Eg.Youshouldn’ttakeitforgrantedthateveryoneshouldhelpyou.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。
4.不定式的省略要保留到to,否则就完整地表达,如:
…buthismothertoldhimnottodoso.
5.warnsbnottodosth.此处用never替代not.
8.allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事;riskdoingsth冒险做某事
9.seesbdosth看见某人做某事
12.makesbdo让某人做某事,但用于被动结构后,则要用不定式符号to连接。
16.which用于有范围中的“哪一个”,此处作buy的宾语。
18.when+todo做decide的宾语,若用when引导宾语从句,用陈述句语序。
21.pretendtodo假装做某事。
22.forgett